高三 时态语态 讲解加练习 精华.docx
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高三时态语态讲解加练习精华
语法专题:
动词时态和语态
动词的时态
1.现在时(Presenttenses)
时态
结构与用法
一般现在时
结构:
do/does/be(am/is/are)
用法:
1.表示现在的习惯动作、状态,经常发生、习惯性动作。
2.表示客观规律、真理;特征、性格等。
3.用于标题,小说、剧本、图片等中的情节介绍。
4.用于时间、条件、让步状从中,表将来(主将从现)。
5.表示按计划、规定的时间发生的动作,如时刻表等。
6.在以here,there开头的句子里(倒装),go,come等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作;
Theregoesthebell./Therecomesthebus./Hereshecomes.
现在进行时
结构:
be(am/is/are)doing;或be+adv./prep.(如:
in,on,under等)
用法:
1.表示正在进行的动作。
2.表
示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
SheisleavingforBeijing.她要去北京。
Myfatheriscom
ingtoseemethisSaturday.
这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。
3.代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。
TheChangjiangRiverisflowingintotheeast.
长江江水滚滚向东流。
Thesunisrisingintheea
st.太阳从东方冉冉升起。
4.表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩,常与always,constantly连用
e.g.Sheisconstantlychanginghermind.
现在完成时
结构:
have/hasdone
用法:
1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,说话时已完成的动作。
(常与already,sofar,uptonow,inthelast+时间段连用)
2.表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for...”,“since...”表述的一段时间状语连用;
3.表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/hasbeento”;
表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/hasgoneto”。
4.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。
WhenyouhavelearnedEnglish,youwillfinditabridgetosomuchknowledge.
We’llstartatsixifithasstoppedrainingbythen.
注意:
这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成,如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生,则不必用完成时;试比较:
I’llletyouknowassoonasIhearfromher./Shewillcallyouwhenshegetshome.
5.短暂动词(非延续性动词)join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,come,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,breakout等,在完成时态中,其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
要译“他参军已经三年了”不能说:
Hehasjoinedthearmythreeyears.
▲“ago法”:
Hejoinedthearmythreeyearsago.
▲“延续法”:
Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.
▲“since法”:
Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.
6.在以下两个句型中,其从句要求用现在完成时:
It(This)isthefirst(last,second,third,…)timethat…
It(This)isthebest(worst,mostinteresting,…)+n.+that…
完成进行时
结构:
have/hasbeendoing
用法:
1.用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续下去)的动作;
Hehasbeendoingthemathsproblemssince8:
00.
2.用于解释:
---Whyareyoureyesred?
---Ihavebeencrying.
凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现在完成进行时。
巩固练习1:
1.I’vewonaholidayfortwodaystoFlorida.I_________mymum.
A.amtakingB.havetakenC.takeD.willhavetake
2.---Doyouknowourtownatall?
---No,thisisthefirsttimeI_________here.
A.wasB.amgoingC.cameD.havebeen
3.JohnandI______friendsfor8years.Wefirstgottoknoweachotherataparty.Butwe______eachotheracoupleoftimesbeforethat.
A.hadbeen;havebeenB.havebeen;havebeenC.hadbeen;hadseenD.havebeen;hadseen
4.DadwillcometoseemewhenI______thetrainingcourse.
A.willhavefinishedB.willfinishC.arefinishingD.finish
5.---Didhenoticeyouentertheroom?
---Idon’tthinkso.He______totheradiowithhiseyesshut.
A.listenedB.waslisteningC.haslistenedD.hadlistened
6.We______ournewneighborsyet,sowedon’tknowtheirnames.
A.don’tmeetB.won’tmeetC.haven’tmetD.hadn’tmet
7.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar______atthegarage.
A.willberepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.berepaired
8.HewillhavelearnedEnglishfor8yearsbythetimehe______fromuniversity.
A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate
9.Iwon’ttellthestudenttheanswertothemathproblemuntilhe______onitforanhour.
A.hasbeenworkingB.willhaveworkedC.willhavebeenworkingD.hadworked
10.Thefatheraswellashis
threechildren______skatingonthefrozenrivereverySundayafternooninwinter.
A.isgoingB.goC.goesD.aregoing
11.I___inLondonformanyyears,butI’veneverregrettedmyfinaldecisiontomovebacktoChina.
A.livedB.waslivingC.havelivedD.hadlived
12.Thetwofriends______onlineforthreehours,andtheywillgoon.
A.hadbeenchattingB.hadchattedC.werechattingD.havebeenchatting
13.Myfriend,who______ontheIOCallhislife,isretiringnextmonth.
A.servedB.isservingC.hadservedD.hasserved
14.Lookatthetimetable.Hurryup!
Flight4026______offat18:
20.
A.takesB.tookC.willbetakenD.hastaken
15.---Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.
---Well,surprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand______now.
A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned
16.SofaritisthebestcrosstalkI______.
A.heardB.haveheardC.willhearD.hadheard
17.---Iwillcometoattendyourlectureat10:
00tomorrow.
---I’msorry,butbythenmylecturewillhaveendedandI______myguestsinmyoffice.
A.isbeingmetB.willmeetC.willbemeetingD.willhavemet
18.---Hi,Tracy,youlooktired.---Iamtired.I______thelivingroomallday.
A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted
19.Withthedevelopmentofscience,morenewtechnology
______tothefieldofIT.
A.hasintroducedB.isbeingintroducedC.isintroducedD.wasintroduced
Keys:
ADDDBCCCACADDABBCCB
2.过去时(Pasttenses)
时态
结构与用法
一般过去时
结构:
did/be(was/were)
用法:
1.表示过去的事情、动作或状态,常与yesterday,lastnight,
amomentago,thenextday,theotherday等过去的具体时间状语连用。
2.表示过去习惯性动作,可用usedto/would+do结构。
3.用于时间、条件、让步状从中,表示过去的将来。
4.用于虚拟语气中:
1)用于if条件从句中,表示对现在、将来的虚拟;2)在wish/asif/ifonly/wouldrather/
Itistime等+从句中,表示对现在或将来的虚拟。
5.表示刚才或过去不知,现在或说话时已知(注意语境)
用于Ididn’tknow…或Iforgot...表示事先不知道或不记得,但现在已知道或记得的事情。
过去进行时
结构:
be(was/were)+doing
用法:
1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作(有具体的过去时间)。
2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行或两个过去进行时动作同时发生;
TheywerestillworkingwhenIleft.
IwaswritingwhilehewaswatchingTV.
3.表示按计划过去将要发生的动作。
(come,go,leave,arrive)
4.与always,forever,constantly,continually连用,表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。
(参看现在进行时的用法③)
ComradeLeiFengwasalwaysthinkingofothersneverthinkingofhimself.
5.过去进行时可用来描绘故事发行的背景。
Thewindwasblowinganditwasraininghard.
过去完成时
结构:
had+done总概念:
过去的过去。
用法:
1.用于主从复合句中:
两个动作皆发生在过去,前一个动作用过去完成时。
2.用于时间状语为“by+过去时间”的句子中。
3.表示一种未实现的愿望和想法。
(只限于think,want,plan,mean,intend,hope,expect,suppose,wish,want等动词)。
Ihadwantedtopayavisittoyouyesterday,buttherainpreventedme.
=Iwantedtohavepaidavisittoyouyesterday,buttherainpreventedme.
4.用于“hardly/scarcely…when;nosooner…than”的主句中。
5.用于虚拟语气中:
表示与过去的事实相反。
注意:
过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为基点,即“过去的过去”。
因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它;
巩固练习2:
1.Thousandsofpeopletookpartintheworkwhenthedam______.
A.wasbuiltB.builtC.wasbeingbuiltD.wouldbebuilt
2.We had hoped to catch the 10:
20 train, but _____ it was gone.
A. found B. had found C. would find D. would have found
3.We______thatyouwouldbeabletovisitus,butyoudidn’t.
A.expectedB.expectC.hadexpectedD.wereexpecting
4. I had expected to come over to see you last night, but someone ___ and I couldn’t get away. A. called B. had called C. would call D. would have called
5.The bridge, which _____ 1688, needs repairing.
A. is dated from B. was dated from C. dates from D. dated from
6.Theyshouldhavefinishedthejobbeforenoon,butthey______.
A.don’tB.didn’tC.won’tD.haven’t
7.Wouldn’titbebetterifwe______acar?
A.boughtB.haveboughtC.buyD.couldbuy
8.Therewasaknockatthedoor.Itwasthesecondtimethatsomeone_____methatevening.
A.tohaveinterruptedB.wouldhaveinterruptedC.hadinterruptedD.tointerrupt
9.WhenIwasatcollege,I___3foreignlanguages,butI_____allexceptafewwordsforeach.
A.spoke;hadforgottenB.spoke;haveforgotten
C.hadspoken;hadforgottenD.hadspoken;haveforgotten
10.---Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation.Itwassonear.
---Yes.Ataxi____atallnecessary.
A.wasn’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.isn’t
11.ThepenI______I______isonmydesk,rightundermynose.
A.think;lostB.thought;hadlostC.think;hadlostD.thought;havelost
12.---Whatdoyouthinkofmysuggestion?
---Iamsorry.I______aboutsomethingelse.
A.thoughtB.wasthinkingC.amthinkingD.hadthought
13.Iarrivedlate.I______theroadtobesocrowded.
A.wouldn’texpectB.haven’texpectedC.hadn’texpectedD.didn’texpect
14.WhenMarydroppedin,I___
___forawhileand______somereading.
A.wasplaying;wasgoingtodoB.played;did
C.hadplayed;wasgoingtodoD.hadplayed;did
15.---IamsureyoumetAliceatthepartylastweek.
---Idon’trememberher.What______she___
___?
A.was;wearingB.had;wornC.did;wearD.would;wear
16.---Excuseme,sir.Wouldyoudomeafavor?
---Ofcourse.Whatisit?
---I______ifyoucouldtellmehowtofillouttheform.
A.hadwonderedB.waswonderingC.wouldwonderD.didwonder
17.Johnspent$3,000morethanhe______forthewedding.
A.willplanB.hasplannedC.wouldplanD.hadplanned
18.I______alongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccident______.
A.went;wasoccurringB.went;occurred
C.wasgoing;occurredD.wasgoing;hadoccurred
19.Thewater______coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.
A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels
20.They___twofreeticketstoCanada,otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.
A.hadgotB.gotC.havegotD.get
21.---Ifthetraffichadn’tbeensoheavy,Icouldhavebeenbackby6o’clock.
---Whatapity!
Tina______heretoseeyou.
A.isB.wasC.wouldbeD.hasbeen
22.Nosooner_____themselvesintheirseatsinthetheatre______thecurtainwentup.
A.theyhavesettled;beforeB.hadtheysettled;than
C.havetheysettled;whenD.theyhadsettled;than
23.---Iwillcomebacktomorrow.---Ifonlyyou______yesterday.
A.havecomeB.hadcomeC.cameD.wouldcome
24.Thecrazyfans______fortwohours,andtheywouldwaittillthemoviestararrived.
A.werewaitingB.hadbeenwaitingC.hadw