高三 时态语态 讲解加练习 精华.docx

1、高三 时态语态 讲解加练习 精华 语法专题：动词时态和语态动词的时态1. 现在时(Present tenses)时态结构与用法一般现在时结构：do/does/be(am/is/are)用法：1. 表示现在的习惯动作、状态，经常发生、习惯性动作。2. 表示客观规律、真理；特征、性格等。3. 用于标题，小说、剧本、图片等中的情节介绍。4. 用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表将来（主将从现）。5. 表示按计划、规定的时间发生的动作，如时刻表等。6. 在以here, there开头的句子里(倒装), go, come等少数动词的一般现在时表示正在发生的动作;There goes the bell. /Th

2、ere comes the bus. /Here she comes.现在进行时结构：be(am/is/are) doing; 或 be + adv. / prep. (如：in, on, under等)用法：1.表示正在进行的动作。2.表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。She is leaving for Beijing.她要去北京。My father is coming to see me this Saturday.这个星期六我爸爸要来看我。3.代替一般现在时，描绘更加生动。The Changjiang River is flowing into the east.长江江水滚滚向东流。The

3、 sun is rising in the east.太阳从东方冉冉升起。4. 表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩，常与always, constantly连用 e.g. She is constantly changing her mind.现在完成时结构：have/has done用法: 1.表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，说话时已完成的动作。(常与already, so far, up to now,in the last+时间段连用)2. 表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态，往往和“for.”, “since.”表述的一段时间状语连用；3. 表示

4、“曾经到过某地（人已回来）”用“have/has been to”；表示“到某地去了（还未回来）”用“have/has gone to”。4.在时间状语从句,条件状语从句或让步状语从句中表达将来某时已经完成的动作。When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge. Well start at six if it has stopped raining by then.注意： 这里的现在完成时强调从句动作在主句动作之前完成, 如果两个动作同时或几乎同时发生, 则不必用完成时；试比较： Ill

5、 let you know as soon as I hear from her. /She will call you when she gets home.5. 短暂动词（非延续性动词）join, lose, buy, borrow, leave, go, come, arrive, die, marry, finish, complete, begin, start, break out等，在完成时态中，其肯定式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。要译“他参军已经三年了”不能说：He has joined the army three years.“ago法”：He joined the ar

6、my three years ago.“延续法”：He has been in the army for three years.“since法”：It is/has been three years since he joined the army.6. 在以下两个句型中，其从句要求用现在完成时：It (This) is the first (last, second, third,) time thatIt (This) is the best (worst, most interesting,) + n. + that完成进行时结构：have/has been doing用法：1.用来表

7、示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在（或今后还要继续下去）的动作；He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00. 2.用于解释：-Why are your eyes red？-I have been crying.凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现在完成进行时。巩固练习1：1. Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I _ my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have take2. - Do you know our town a

8、t all? - No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. am going C. came D. have been3. John and I _ friends for 8 years. We first got to know each other at a party. But we_ each other a couple of times before that. A. had been; have been B. have been; have been C. had been; had seen D. have been; h

9、ad seen4. Dad will come to see me when I _ the training course. A. will have finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish5. -Did he notice you enter the room? -I dont think so. He _ to the radio with his eyes shut. A. listened B. was listening C. has listened D. had listened6. We _ our new nei

10、ghbors yet, so we dont know their names. A. dont meet B. wont meet C. havent met D. hadnt met7. I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. be repaired8. He will have learned English for 8 years by the time he _ from univers

11、ity. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates D. is to graduate9. I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _ on it for an hour. A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked10. The father as well as his three children _ skating on

12、the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter. A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going11. I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived12.The two friends _ on line for three hours, and they will go o

13、n. A. had been chatting B. had chatted C. were chatting D. have been chatting13. My friend, who _ on the IOC all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served14. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026_ off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. h

14、as taken15. -I dont suppose the police know who did it. -Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _ now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned 16. So far it is the best crosstalk I _. A. heard B. have heard C. will hear D. had heard17. -I wi

15、ll come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow. -Im sorry, but by then my lecture will have ended and I _ my guests in my office. A. is being met B. will meet C. will be meeting D. will have met18. -Hi, Tracy, you look tired. -I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. h

16、ave been painting D. have painted19. With the development of science, more new technology _ to the field of IT.A. has introduced B. is being introduced C. is introduced D. was introducedKeys: ADDDB CCCAC ADDAB BCCB2. 过去时(Past tenses)时态结构与用法一般过去时结构：did/be(was/were)用法：1. 表示过去的事情、动作或状态，常与yesterday, las

17、t night, a moment ago, the next day, the other day等过去的具体时间状语连用。2. 表示过去习惯性动作，可用used to / would + do结构。3. 用于时间、条件、让步状从中，表示过去的将来。4. 用于虚拟语气中：1）用于if条件从句中，表示对现在、将来的虚拟；2）在wish / as if / if only / would rather / It is time等+从句中，表示对现在或将来的虚拟。5. 表示刚才或过去不知，现在或说话时已知(注意语境)用于I didnt know或I forgot.表示事先不知道或不记得，但现在已知

18、道或记得的事情。过去进行时结构：be(was/were) + doing用法：1.表示过去某一时刻或阶段正在发生的动作（有具体的过去时间）。2.表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行或两个过去进行时动作同时发生；They were still working when I left.I was writing while he was watching TV.3. 表示按计划过去将要发生的动作。(come, go, leave, arrive)4. 与always, forever, constantly, continually连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩。（参看现在进行时的用法）Comrade

19、 Lei Feng was always thinking of others never thinking of himself.5.过去进行时可用来描绘故事发行的背景。The wind was blowing and it was raining hard.过去完成时结构：had + done 总概念：过去的过去。用法：1. 用于主从复合句中：两个动作皆发生在过去，前一个动作用过去完成时。2. 用于时间状语为“by + 过去时间”的句子中。3. 表示一种未实现的愿望和想法。(只限于think, want, plan, mean, intend, hope, expect, suppose,

20、 wish, want等动词）。I had wanted to pay a visit to you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.= I wanted to have paid a visit to you yesterday, but the rain prevented me.4. 用于“hardly/scarcelywhen; no soonerthan”的主句中。5. 用于虚拟语气中：表示与过去的事实相反。注意：过去完成时必须以过去某一时刻为基点，即“过去的过去”。因此只有在和过去某时或某动作相比较时才用到它；巩固练习2：1. Thousa

21、nds of people took part in the work when the dam _. A. was built B. built C. was being built D. would be built2.Wehadhopedtocatchthe10:20train,but_itwasgone.A.foundB.hadfoundC.wouldfindD.wouldhavefound3. We _ that you would be able to visit us, but you didnt. A. expected B. expect C. had expected D.

22、 were expecting4.Ihadexpectedtocomeovertoseeyoulastnight,butsomeone_andIcouldntgetaway.A.calledB.hadcalledC.wouldcallD.wouldhavecalled5. Thebridge,which_1688,needsrepairing.A.isdatedfrom B.wasdatedfrom C.datesfrom D.datedfrom6. They should have finished the job before noon, but they _. A. dont B. di

23、dnt C. wont D. havent7. Wouldnt it be better if we _ a car? A. bought B. have bought C. buy D. could buy8. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time that someone _ me that evening. A. to have interrupted B. would have interrupted C. had interrupted D. to interrupt9. When I was at college

24、, I _ 3 foreign languages, but I_all except a few words for each.A. spoke; had forgotten B. spoke; have forgotten C. had spoken; had forgotten D. had spoken; have forgotten10. -We could have walked to the station. It was so near. -Yes. A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be

25、D. isnt 11. The pen I _ I _ is on my desk, right under my nose.A. think; lost B. thought; had lost C. think; had lost D. thought; have lost12. -What do you think of my suggestion? -I am sorry. I _ about something else. A. thought B. was thinking C. am thinking D. had thought13. I arrived late. I _ t

26、he road to be so crowded. A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. didnt expect14. When Mary dropped in, I _ for a while and _ some reading. A. was playing; was going to do B. played; did C. had played; was going to do D. had played; did15. -I am sure you met Alice at the party last

27、 week. -I dont remember her. What _ she _? A. was; wearing B. had; worn C. did; wear D. would; wear16. -Excuse me, sir. Would you do me a favor? -Of course. What is it? -I _ if you could tell me how to fill out the form. A. had wondered B. was wondering C. would wonder D. did wonder17. John spent $3

28、,000 more than he _ for the wedding. A. will plan B. has planned C. would plan D. had planned18. I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred19. The water _ cool when I jumped into the

29、 pool for morning exercise. A. was felt B. is felt C. felt D. feels20. They _ two free tickets to Canada, otherwise theyd never have been able to afford to go.A. had got B. got C. have got D. get21. -If the traffic hadnt been so heavy, I could have been back by 6 oclock. -What a pity! Tina _ here to

30、 see you.A. is B. was C. would be D. has been22. No sooner _ themselves in their seats in the theatre _ the curtain went up.A. they have settled; before B. had they settled; thanC. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than23. - I will come back tomorrow. - If only you _ yesterday.A. have come B. had come C. came D. would come24. The crazy fans _ for two hours, and they would wait till the movie star arrived.A. were waiting B. had been waiting C. had w