新东方四级基础精讲班词汇讲义完整.docx
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新东方四级基础精讲班词汇讲义完整
2011年大学英语四级精华资料大全，史上最全最有效~
2011年大学英语六级精华资料大全，史上最全最有效~
四级基础精品词汇讲义
主讲：
任志远
欢迎使用新东方在线电子教材
大学词汇常用的前缀和后缀
1.常用前缀
aero-:
concerningtheairofaircraft
plane---aeroplane
space---aerospace
anti-:
against:
oppositeof
nuclear---antinuclear
matter---antimatter
war---antimatter
auto-:
oforbyoneself
biography---autobiography
criticism---autocriticism
be-:
totreatasthestatedthing
friend---befriend
little---belittle
bi-:
two;twice;double
lingual---bilingual
cycle---bicycle
bio-:
concerninglivingthings
chemistry---biochemistry
sphere---biosphere
by-,bye-:
lessimportant
produce---by-produce
way---byway
centi-:
hundredthpart
grade---centigrade
meter---centimeter
co-:
together,with
author---coauthor
exist---coexist
col-:
（usedbeforel）together,with
location---collocation
com-（usedbeforeb,m,p）together,with
passion---compassion
con-:
together,with
centric---concentric
federation---confederation
contra-:
opposite
diction---contradiction
natural---contranatural
cor-:
（usedbeforer）together,with
relate---correlate
respond---correspond
counter-:
opposite
act---counteract
attack---counterattack
cross-:
across;goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem
country---crosscountry
breed---crossbreed
de-:
showinganopposite;toremove;toreduce
code---decode
value---devalue
dis-:
not;theoppositeof
advantage---disadvantage
agree---disagree
honest---dishonest
em-:
（usedbeforeb,m,p）tocausetobecame
body---embody
power---empower
en-:
tocausetobecome;tomake
danger---endanger
large---enlarge
ex-:
former（andstillliving）
minister---ex-minister
wife---ex-wife
extra-:
outside;beyond
curricular---extracurricular
ordinary---extraordinary
fore-:
inadvance,before;inoranthefront
arm---forearm
warn---forewarn
il-:
（usedbeforel）not
legal---illegal
literate---illiterate
im-:
（usedbeforeb,m,p）not
moral---immoral
possible---impossible
in-:
not
direct---indirect
sensitive---insensitive
infra-:
belowinarange;beyond
red---infrared
structure---infrastructure
inter-:
between;among
change---interchange
national---international
intra-:
inside,within;into
city---intracity
department---intra-department
ir-:
（usedbeforer）not
regular---irregular
responsible---irresponsible
kilo-:
thousand
gram---kilogram
meter---kilometer
macro-:
large,esp.concerningawholesystemratherthanparticularpartsof
economics---macroeconomics
structure---macrostructure
mal-:
badorbadly
function---malfunction
treat---maltreat
micro-:
extremelysmall
computer---microcomputer
electronics---microelectronics
mid-:
middle
day---midday
night---midnight
mini-:
small;short
bus---minibus
skirt---miniskirt
mis-:
badorbadly;wrongorwrongly
fortune---misfortune
understand---misunderstand
mono-:
one;single
plane---monoplane
tone---monotone
multi-:
morethanone;many
purpose---multipurpose
national---multinational
non-:
not
resident---non（-）resident
sense---nonsense
out-:
outside;beyond
live---outlive
door---outdoor
over-:
toomuch;above;additional
head---overhead
time---overtime
poly-:
many
centric---polycentric
syllabic---polysyllabic
post-:
laterthan;after
graduate---postgraduate
war---postwar
pre-:
before;inadvance
pay---prepay
war---prewar
pro-:
infavorof,supporting
America---pro-America
abortion---pro-abortion
pseudo-:
notreal;false
name---pseudonym
science---pseudosicience
re-:
again;backtotheformerstate
untie---reunite
use---reuse
self-:
bymeansofoneselforinself;of,to,with,for,orin
oneselforitself
employed---self-employed
taught---self-taught
semi-:
half;partly
circle---semicircle
final---semifinal
step-:
notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarried
mother---stepmother
children---stepchildren
sub-:
under,below;lessimportant;partofthestatedbigger
whole
divide---subdivide
section---subsection
super-:
more,larger,greaderthanusual
market---supermarker
natural---supernatural
tele-:
atoroveralongdistance;byorfortelevision
communication---telecommunication
screen---telescreen
therm（o）-:
concerningheat
chemistry---thermochemistry
meter----thermometer
trans-:
across,onortotheothersideof;between
Atlantic---transatlantic
plant---transplant
tri-:
three;threetimes
angular---triangular
cycle---tricycle
ultra-:
beyond;very,extremely
modern---ultramodern
sound---ultrasound
un-:
not
certain---uncertain
fortunate---unfortunate
under-:
toolittle;below
develop---underdevelop
sea---undersra
uni-:
one,singer
form---uniform
directional---unidirectional
cice-:
nextintherank;below
chairman---vice-chairman
president---vice-president
2.常用后缀
（1）名词后缀
-ability,-ibility
able---ability
flexible---flexibility
-age
post---postage
short---shortage
-al
arrive---arrival
refuse---refusal
-an,-ian,-arian
library---librarian
music---musician
-ance,-ence
appear---appearance
refer---reference
-ancy,-ency
emerge---emergency
expect---expectancy
-arit,-ent
apply---applicant
correspond---correspindent
-cy
accurate---accuratcy
private---privacy
-dom
king---kingdom
free---freedom
-ee
employ---employee
interview---interviewee
-er,-or,-ar
paint---painter
beg---beggar
-cry
brave---bravery
slave---slavery
-ese
China---Chinaese
Japan---Japanese
-ess
actor---actoress
waiter---waiteress
-ful
hand---handful
spoon---spoonful
-hood
child---childhood
man---manhood
-ics
electron---electronics
linguist---linguistics
-ion,-ition,-ation
collect---collection
observe---observation
-ism
Marx---Marxism
socialist---socialism
-ist
psychiatry---psychiatrist
violin---violinist
-ity,-ty
cruel---cruelty
pure---purity
-ment
move---movement
retire---retirement
-ness
dark---darkness
happy---happiness
-ology
climate---climatology
future---futureology
-ship
friend---friendship
scholar---scholarship
-sion,-ssion
decide---decision
expand---expansion
-th
grow---growth
wide---width
-ure
close---closure
expose---exposure
（2）动词前缀
-en
deep---deepen
fast---fasten
-ify
class---classify
simple---simplify
-ize,-ise
modern---modernize/modernise
popular---popularize/popularize
（3）形容词后缀
-able,-ible
suit---suitable
question---questionable
-al
nature---natural
structure---structural
-an,-arian,-ian
suburb---suburban
Canada---Canadian
-ant,-ent
differ---different
please---pleasant
-ary,-ory
advise---advisory
custom---customary
-ate
consider---considerate
fortune---fortunate
-en
gold---golden
wood---wooden
-ese
China---Chinese
Japan---Japanese
-free
care—carefree
duty---duty-free
-ful
care---careful
pain---painful
-ic,-ical
atom---atomic
psychology---psychological
-ish
girl---girlish
child---childish
-ive
create---creative
support---supportive
-less
hope---hopeless
pain---painless
-like
child---childlike
lady---ladylike
-ly
man---manly
month---monthly
-ous,-ious
danger---dangerous
poison---poisonous
-some
tire---tiresome
trouble---troublesome
-ward
down---downward
up---upward
-y
guilt---guilty
noise---noisy
（4）副词后缀
-ly
easy---easily
heavy---heavily
-ward,-wards
east---eastward（s）
north---nortward（s）
-wise
clock---clockwise
other---otherwise
四级高频前缀（prefix）
1.inter=between,among变化型：
enter-,intel-
如：
interfere,interval,interview,entertain
2.en=in,into,on,at,near进入某种状态，使～，使成为～变化型：
em-
如：
enable,enclose,encourage,engage,enlarge
3.dis=apart,away,not表出去，剥夺，反对及加强语气作用。
变化型：
de-,des-,di-,s-
如：
distinguish,dispute,dismiss,dispel,discard,disturb
4.re=again,back,against变化型：
red-,ren-
如：
remind,reflect,refine,resolve,reaction,resist
5.com=together,with,wholly变化型：
co-,col-,comb-,con-,cor-,cor-,coun-
如：
combine,comfort,coexist,collect,correct,conclude,counsel,council
6.pre=before
如：
preside,precede,prevail,prelude
7.per=through,thoroughly,away变化型：
par-,pel-,pil-
如：
perfect,persist,permit,perform,perspective,persuade,pardon
8.pro=for,before,forth,forward向前，赞成。
变化型：
pur,pr-（pro-的变体）
如：
profound,proceed,purpose,prominent
9.ex=outof,fully变化型：
a-,e-,ec-,ef-,es-,iss-,s-
如：
exhibit,sample,elect,escape
10.trans-beyond,across,over变化型：
tran-,tra-,tres-
如:
transfer,transform,transmit,transport,transparent
11.fore=before
如：
forearm,forefather,foresee,foretell,foreword,forecast
12.tele=faroff
如：
telegram,telephone,television,telescope
13.un=not在名词，形容词，副词前，表示“否定”
如：
unable,undo,unlike,unlikely
14.sub=under
如：
substitute,submerge,succeed
15.mono-=single,sole,alone变化型：
mon-
如：
monologue,monopoly,monotony,monarch,monk
16.op,ob=near;against
如：
oppose,obvious,obtain,opportunity,observe,object
17.uni=one
如：
unique,uniform,universe,unity
18.counter=against变化型：
contra,anti
如：
counteract,counterpart,encounter,contrary
四级高频后缀（Suffix）
1.常用名词后缀列表
后缀
中英文释义
例词
-acy
stateorqualityof
状态或性质
privacy隐私
accuracy精确
-age
actonorstateof
行动或状态
shortage短缺
advantage优势
-al
relatingto
关于～，与～相关
refusal拒绝
arrival到达
-an,-ian
onewho
～的人
guardian监护人
American美国人
-ance,-ence
stateofqualityof
状态或性质
independence独立
performance表演
-ant,-ent
onewho
～的人
dependant侍从
resident居民
-ary
placefor,dealingwith
～的地点，用于～
library图书古纳
dictionary字典
-dom
place,condition
地点，状态
kingdom王国
freedom自由
-ee
onewhoreceivesanaction
动作的承受者
employee雇员
trainee受训员
-er,-ar,-or
onewhoorathingthat
～的人或工具
farmer农夫
beggar乞丐
cooker厨具
tractor拖拉机
actor演员
-ese,-er,-ian
inhabitantof
～的居民
Chinese中国人
southerner南方人
Canadian加拿大人
-ess
onewho,
升级会员 