麦克阿瑟将军国会大厦告别演讲FarewellAddresst.docx
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麦克阿瑟将军国会大厦告别演讲FarewellAddresst
麦克阿瑟将军国会大厦告别演讲Farewell
Addresst
mr.president,mr.speaker,anddistinguishedmembersofthecongress:
istandonthisrostrumwithasenseofdeephumilityandgreatpride--humilityinthewakeof
thosegreatamericanarchitectsofourhistorywhohavestoodherebeforeme;prideinthereflectionthatthisforumoflegislativedebaterepresentshumanlibertyinthepurestformyetdevised.herearecenteredthehopesandaspirationsandfaithoftheentirehumanrace.
idonotstandhereasadvocateforanypartisancause,fortheissuesarefundamentalandreachquitebeyondtherealmofpartisanconsideration.theymustberesolvedonthehighestplaneofnationalinterestifourcourseistoprovesoundandourfutureprotected.
itrust,therefore,thatyouwilldomethejusticeof
receivingthatwhichihavetosayassolelyexpressingtheconsideredviewpointofafellowamerican.
iaddressyouwithneitherrancornorbitterness
inthefadingtwilightoflife,withbutonepurpose
inmind:
toservemycountry.theissuesareglobalandsointerlockedthattoconsidertheproblemsofonesector,oblivioustothoseofanother,isbuttocourtdisasterforthewhole.whileasiaisxxmonlyreferredtoasthegatewaytoeurope,itisnolesstruethateuropeisthegatewaytoasia,andthebroadinfluenceoftheonecannotfailtohaveitsimpactupontheother.therearethosewhoclaimourstrengthisinadequatetoprotectonbothfronts,thatwecannotdivideoureffort.icanthinkofnogreaterexpressionofdefeatism.ifapotentialenemycandividehisstrengthontwofronts,itisforustocounterhiseffort.thexxmunistthreatisaglobalone.itssuccessfuladvanceinonesectorthreatensthedestructionofeveryothersector.youcannotappeaseorotherwisesurrendertoxxmunisminasiawithoutsimultaneouslyunderminingoureffortstohaltitsadvanceineurope.
beyondpointingoutthesegeneraltruisms,ishallconfinemydiscussiontothegeneralareasofasia.beforeonemayobjectivelyassessthesituationnowexistingthere,hemustxxprehendsomethingofasia'spastandtherevolutionarychangeswhichhavemarkedhercourseuptothepresent.longexploitedbytheso-calledcolonialpowers,withlittleopportunitytoachieveanydegreeofsocialjustice,individualdignity,orahigherstandardoflifesuchasguidedourownnobleadministrationinthephilippines,thepeoplesofasiafoundtheiropportunityinthewarjustpasttothrowofftheshacklesofcolonialismandnowseethedawnofnewopportunity,aheretoforeunfeltdignity,andtheself-respectofpoliticalfreedom.
musteringhalfoftheearth'spopulation,and60percentofitsnaturalresourcesthesepeoplesarerapidlyconsolidatinganewforce,bothmoralandmaterial,withwhichtoraisethelivingstandardanderectadaptationsofthedesignofmodernprogresstotheirowndistinctculturalenvironments.whetheroneadherestotheconceptofcolonizationornot,thisisthedirectionofasianprogressanditmaynotbestopped.itisacorollarytotheshiftoftheworldeconomicfrontiersasthewholeepicenterofworldaffairsrotatesbacktowardtheareawhenceitstarted.
inthissituation,itbexxesvitalthatourowncountryorientitspoliciesinconsonancewiththis
basicevolutionaryconditionratherthanpursueacourseblindtotherealitythatthecolonialerais
nowpastandtheasianpeoplescovettherighttoshapetheirownfreedestiny.whattheyseeknowisfriendlyguidance,understanding,andsupport--notimperiousdirection--thedignityofequalityandnottheshameofsubjugation.theirpre-warstandardoflife,pitifullylow,isinfinitelylowernowinthedevastationleftinwar'swake.worldideologiesplaylittlepartinasianthinkingandarelittleunderstood.whatthepeoplesstriveforistheopportunityforalittlemorefoodintheirstomachs,alittlebetterclothingontheirbacks,alittlefirmerroofovertheirheads,andtherealizationofthenormalnationalisturgeforpoliticalfreedom.thesepolitical-socialconditionshavebutanindirectbearinguponourownnationalsecurity,butdoformabackdroptocontemporaryplanningwhichmustbethoughtfullyconsideredifwearetoavoidthepitfallsofunrealism.
ofmoredirectandimmediatebearinguponournationalsecurityarethechangeswroughtinthestrategicpotentialofthepacificoceaninthecourseofthepastwar.priortheretothewesternstrategicfrontieroftheunitedstateslayonthelittorallineoftheamericas,withanexposedislandsalientextendingoutthroughhawaii,midway,andguamtothephilippines.thatsalientprovednotanoutpostofstrengthbutanavenueofweaknessalongwhichtheenemycouldanddidattack.
thepacificwasapotentialareaofadvanceforanypredatoryforceintentuponstrikingattheborderinglandareas.allthiswaschangedbyourpacificvictory.ourstrategicfrontierthenshiftedtoembracetheentirepacificocean,whichbecameavastmoattoprotectusaslongasweheldit.indeed,itactsasaprotectiveshieldforalloftheamericasandallfreelandsofthepacificoceanarea.wecontrolittotheshoresofasiabyachainofislandsextendinginanarcfromthealeutianstothemariannasheldbyusandourfreeallies.fromthisislandchainwecandominatewithseaandairpowereveryasiaticportfrom
vladivostoktosingapore--withseaandairpowerevery
port,asisaid,fromvladivostoktosingapore--andpreventanyhostilemovementintothepacific.
*anypredatoryattackfromasiamustbean
amphibiouseffort.*noamphibiousforcecanbe
successfulwithoutcontrolofthesealanesandtheairoverthoselanesinitsavenueofadvance.withnavalandairsupremacyandmodestgroundelementstodefendbases,anymajorattackfromcontinentalasiatowardusorourfriendsinthepacificwouldbedoomedtofailure.
undersuchconditions,thepacificnolongerrepresentsmenacingavenuesofapproachforaprospectiveinvader.itassumes,instead,thefriendlyaspectofapeacefullake.ourlineofdefenseisanaturaloneandcanbemaintainedwithaminimumofmilitaryeffortandexpense.itenvisionsnoattackagainstanyone,nordoesitprovidethebastionsessentialforoffensiveoperations,butproperlymaintained,wouldbeaninvincibledefenseagainstaggression.theholdingofthislittoraldefenseline
inthewesternpacificisentirelydependentuponholdingallsegmentsthereof;foranymajorbreachofthatlinebyanunfriendlypowerwouldrendervulnerabletodeterminedattackeveryothermajorsegment.
thisisamilitaryestimateastowhichihaveyet
tofindamilitaryleaderwhowilltakeexception.forthatreason,ihavestronglyrexxmendedinthepast,asamatterofmilitaryurgency,thatundernocircumstancesmustformosafallunderxxmunistcontrol.suchaneventualitywouldatoncethreatenthefreedomofthePhilippinesandthelossofjapanandmightwellforceourwesternfrontierbacktothecoastofcalifornia,oregonandwashington.
tounderstandthechangeswhichnowappearuponthechinesemainland,onemustunderstandthechangesinchinesecharacterandcultureoverthepast50years.china,upto50yearsago,wasxxpletelynon-homogenous,beingxxpartmentedintogroupsdividedagainsteachother.thewar-makingtendencywasalmostnon-existent,astheystillfollowedthetenetsoftheconfucianidealofpacifistculture.attheturnofthecentury,undertheregimeofchangtsolin,effortstowardgreaterhomogeneityproducedthestartofanationalisturge.
thiswasfurtherandmoresuccessfullydevelopedundertheleadershipofchiangkai-shek,buthasbeenbroughttoitsgreatestfruitionunderthepresentregimetothepointthatithasnowtakenonthecharacterofaunitednationalismofincreasinglydominant,aggressivetendencies.
throughthesepast50yearsthechinesepeoplehavethusbexxemilitarizedintheirconceptsandintheirideals.theynowconstituteexcellentsoldiers,withxxpetentstaffsandxxmanders.thishasproducedanewanddominantpowerinasia,which,foritsownpurposes,isalliedwithsovietrussiabutwhichinitsownconceptsandmethodshasbexxeaggressivelyimperialistic,withalustforexpansionandincreasedpowernormaltothistypeofimperialism.
thereislittleoftheideologicalconcepteitheronewayoranotherinthechinesemake-up.thestandardoflivingissolowandthecapitalaccumulationhasbeensothoroughlydissipatedbywarthatthemassesaredesperateandeagertofollowanyleadershipwhichseemstopromisethealleviationoflocalstringencies.
ihavefromthebeginningbelievedthatthechinesexxmunists'supportofthenorthkoreanswasthedominantone.theirinterestsare,atpresent,parallel
withthoseofthesoviet.butibelievethatthe
aggressivenessrecentlydisplayednotonlyinkoreabutalsoinindo-chinaandtibetandpointingpotentiallytowardthesouthreflectspredominantlythesamelustfortheexpansionofpowerwhichhasanimatedeverywould-beconquerorsincethebeginningoftime.
thejapanesepeople,sincethewar,haveundergonethegreatestreformationrecordedinmodernhistory.
withaxxmendablewill,eagernesstolearn,andmarkedcapacitytounderstand,theyhave,fromtheashesleftinwar'swake,erectedinjapananedificededicatedtothesupremacyofindividuallibertyandpersonaldignity;andintheensuingprocesstherehasbeencreatedatrulyrepresentativegovernmentxxmittedtotheadvanceofpoliticalmorality,freedomofeconomicenterprise,andsocialjustice.
politically,economically,andsociallyjapanisnowabreastofmanyfreenationsoftheearthandwillnotagainfailtheuniversaltrust.thatitmaybecountedupontowieldaprofo