北师大版版高考一轮复习HumanBiology讲义选修英语.docx
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北师大版版高考一轮复习HumanBiology讲义选修英语
(一)课前自主学习
Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意
1.enhancevt. 增强;提高
2.supremeadj.(程度)最大的,极度的
3.compulsoryadj.强制性的,义务的
4.controversialadj.有争议的
5.contradictvt.与(其他事物)相矛盾
6.interpretvt.翻译;解释
7.acuteadj.严重的;剧烈的
8.statisticsn.统计资料;统计数字
9.adaptationn.变化;变种
10.mournvi.&vt.感到悲痛;表示哀悼
11.prescriptionn.处方
12.systematicadj.系统化的
13.temporaryadj.临时的;短暂的
14.scepticaladj.怀疑的
15.absurdadj.荒谬的;不合理的
Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形
1.circulatevi.循环
2.digestvt.消化
3.abusevt.滥用
4.fundamentaladj.根本的;基础的
5.seekvt.寻找
6.threatn.威胁
7.postponevt.延期,推迟,延迟
8.identifyvt.确定;认出,识别
9.symptomn.症状;征兆
10.weeklyadj.每周一次的
11.declinevi.下降
12.firmn. [纵联1]商行,公司
13.raten.比率
14.deadlinen.截止日期,最后日期
15.votevi.表决
16.circumstancen.[纵联2]情形;情况
17.submitvt.提交
18.annualadj. [纵联3]每年的,一年一次的,年度的
Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变
1.toleratevt.容忍→tolerantadj.宽容的;容忍的→tolerancen.容忍
2.opposevt.反对→oppositeadj.相反的;反对的→oppositionn.相反→opposedadj.相反的,对立的
3.prohibitvt.禁止→prohibitionn.禁止;禁令→prohibitiveadj.禁止的
4.unitevt.联合;团结;统一→unionn.团结→unitedadj.团结的
5.equipvt.使有准备→equipmentn.装备;设备
6.fortunen.大笔钱财,巨款→fortunateadj.幸运的→fortunatelyadv.幸运地→unfortunateadj.不幸的→misfortunen.不幸
7.concernn.担心;担忧→concernedadj.关心的,牵挂的;有关的→concerningprep.关于
纵联1.“公司”有几家
1firmn.商行,公司2companyn.公司
3corporationn.公司;法人(团体)4syndicaten.企业联合
纵联2.聚焦“状况,情况”相关名词
1condition2state
3situation4circumstance
5status
纵联3.annual相关形容词全扫描
1minutely每分钟的2hourly每小时的
3daily每日的4weekly每周的
5fortnightly每两周的⑥monthly每月的
⑦quarterly每季度的
单元话题——医药与健康
子话题1 医药类别
1drugn.药,药物;毒品2medicinen.药
3pilln.药丸,药片4capsulen.(药)胶囊
5herbn.草药⑥tabletn.药片
⑦poisonn.毒药
子话题2 疾病的分类
1stressn.精神压力,心理负担2sneezevi.打喷嚏
3swellvi.肿胀4dizzyadj.头晕目眩的
5fevern.发烧;发热⑥coughn.&vi.咳嗽
⑦depressionn.抑郁症⑧heartattack心脏病
子话题3 疾病的治疗方法
1takemedicine吃药
2takeone'stemperature量体温
3takeone'sbloodpressure量血压
4operateon/performanoperationonsB.给某人动手术
[学考对接·活学活用]
高考采撷
(一) 阅读中的词汇应用
1.(2018·江苏高考阅读D)JavedKhan,ofchildren'scharityBarnardo's,said:
“It'svitalthatnewcompulsory1ageappropriaterelationshipandsexeducationlessonsinEnglandshouldhelp 2 (equipment)childrentodealwiththegrowingdemandsofsocialmediA.
“It'salsohugely3importantforparentstoknowwhichappstheirchildrenareusing.”
1写出加黑词的汉语意思:
强制性的,义务的
2用所给词的适当形式填空:
equip,所填词在此处的意思为使能够胜任
3写出加黑词在本单元中的近义形容词:
supreme
2.(2017·江苏高考阅读D)Moreordinaryformsofadaptationarehappeningeverywhere.AfriendofmineownsanareaoflandinwesternVictoriA.Overfivegenerationsthelandhasbeentoowetforcropping.Butduringthepastdecade 1 (declining/falling/dropping)rainfallhasallowed2himtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops.Farmersinmanycountriesarealsoadaptinglikethis—eitherbygrowingnewproduce,orbygrowingthesamethingsdifferently.Thisiscommonsense.Butsomesuggestionsforadaptingarenot.Whenthepollutingindustriesarguethatwe'velostthebattletocontrolcarbonpollutionandhavenochoicebuttoadapt3,it'sanonsensedesignedtomakethecaseforbusinessasusual.
1选词填空:
declining,所选词的动词形式为decline,其意为下降,谢绝
2写出加黑词在本单元中的反义词:
prohibited,加黑词后若直接跟动词需用动名词作宾语
3写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词:
adaptation,与加黑词形近义异的词有:
adopt,其意为采取,收养
高考采撷
(二) 写作中的词汇应用
(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)
1.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)400字即可,截止日期是6月28日。
(deadline)
400_words_would_be_fine,_and_the_deadline_when_you_can_hand_in_your_article_is_June_28th.
2.(2014·北京高考书面表达)我很抱歉。
我能建议我们推迟到8月初吗?
(postpone)
I'm_sorry_about_it.Can_I_suggest_that_we_postpone_it_until_early_August?
(二)课堂重点释疑
1.postponevt.推迟,延期
[记牢]
postponedoingsth. 延缓/推迟做某事
postponesth.until/to...把某事推迟到……
[练通] 单句语法填空
1Themilitarytrainingforthefreshmeninthenewtermwaspostponeduntil/tothenextSundaybecauseofthebadweather.
2Theheadmasterpostponedholding(hold)themeetinguntilallteachersarrivedatthemeetingroom.
[写美]
3(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)首先,你最好准时到达而不要推迟到达,因为在中国守时是礼貌的。
First_of_all,_you'd_better_arrive_on_time_instead_of_postponing_arriving_because_it_is_polite_to_be_punctual_in_ChinA.
[联想] “延缓做某事,推迟做某事”的表达还有:
putoffdoingsth.;delaydoingsth.等。
2.opposevt.&vi.反对;反抗
[记牢]
(1)oppose(sB.'s)doingsth. 反对(某人)做某事
(2)opposedadj.相反的;对立的
beopposedto(doing)sth.反对(做)某事;
与(做)某事对立
oppositeadj.对立的,在……对面的
prep.在……的对面
[练通]
单句语法填空
1Allpeoplepresentareopposedtoworking(work)extrahoursonSunday.
2Weopposeusing(use)thisunusualtechniquetoclonehumans.
3Sheturnedandwalkedoffintheopposite(oppose)direction.
一句多译
我反对修改这个方案,因为它是可行的。
4Ioppose_correcting_the_planforitispracticable.(oppose)
5Iam_opposed_to_correcting_the_planforitispracticable.(opposed)
⑥Iobject_to_correcting_the_planforitispracticable.(object)
⑦Iam_against_correcting_the_planforitispracticable.(against)
[用准] oppose=objectto=beagainst“反对”;oppose后跟动词时要用动词ing形式。
beopposedto结构中,to是介词,其后也要用动词ing形式。
[写美]
⑧(2015·浙江高考书面表达)当我的想法与其他人的想法对立时,我选择尊重大多数人的意见。
When_my_idea_is_opposed_to_others',_I_choose_to_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.
3.prohibitvt.禁止,阻止
[记牢]
(1)prohibit(doing)sth. 禁止(做)某事
禁止某人做某事
(2)prohibitionn.禁止;禁令
aprohibitionagainst/on...……的禁令
[练通]
单句语法填空
1Theenvironmentgroupisdemandingacompleteprohibition(prohibit)againstsettingofffireworksintheSpringFestival.
2Hissmallsizeprohibitshisbecoming(become)apoliceman.
3Thereisaprohibitionon/againsttobaccoadvertisinginnewspapersandmagazines.
句型转换
Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessarytoprevent/stop/keeppeoplefromsmokinginpublicplaces.
4Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessarytoprohibitpeople'ssmokinginpublicplaces.
5Somepeoplethinkthatit'snecessarytoprohibitpeoplefromsmokinginpublicplaces.
[写美]
⑥(2014·江苏高考书面表达)事实上,中国人从来没有禁止从其他语言中提取词汇,比如日语中的“ganbu”或“minzhu”。
In_fact,_Chinese_has_never_prohibited_taking_words_from_other_languages,_for_example,_“ganbu”_or_“minzhu”_from_Japanese.
[联想] “禁止/阻止某人做某事”表达法荟萃:
1discouragesB.fromdoingsth.
2bansB.from(doing)sth.
3preventsB.(from)doingsth.
4forbidsB.(from)doingsth.
5keepsB.fromdoingsth.
⑥stopsB.(from)doingsth.
4.toleratevt.忍受,容忍
[记牢]
(1)tolerate(doing)sth. 容忍/容许(做)某事
(2)tolerantadj.容忍的;宽容的
betolerantof对……宽容;容忍……
(3)tolerancen.容忍
showtolerancetowardssB.容忍某人
[练通]
单句语法填空
1Asateacher,youneedtoshowtolerancetowardsyourstudents'carelessnessinstudy.
2Icouldn'ttoleratebeing_interrupted(interrupt)whenIwaseditingmybook.
3Wemustlearntobetolerantofdifferentculturesespeciallywhenweliveinamulticulturalsociety.
一句多译
我不能容忍被嘲笑。
4I_can't_tolerate_being_made_fun_of.(tolerate)
5I_can't_bear/stand_being_made_fun_of.(bear/stand)
⑥I_can't_put_up_with_being_made_fun_of.(putupwith)
[写美]
⑦(2014·江苏高考书面表达)随着英语学习者数量的增加,我们应该对我们语言中出现的不同词汇保持宽容。
As_the_number_of_English_learners_is_on_the_rise,_we_should_be_tolerant_of_different_words_in_our_language.
[联想] 表示“容忍,忍受”的单词或短语还有:
bear;stand;putupwith等。
5.submitvt.提交;递交vi.服从,屈服
[记牢]
submitto 服从于;屈从于
submitsB./oneselfto使某人/自己甘受……;服从……
submit...to...向……提交……
[练通] 完成句子
1Theheroicpeoplewillneversubmit_toforeignrule.
英雄的人民决不会屈服于外国的统治。
2Youmustsubmit_yourself_tothetrafficruleswhendriving.
开车时你必须遵守交通规则。
3Iwillsubmit_my_reports_toyouassoonaspossible.
我会尽快把报告提交给你。
[用准] 在submit...to...中,submit是及物动词,意为“呈交”;而在submitto中,submit是不及物动词,意为“服从”。
[写美]
4(2014·辽宁高考书面表达)除了出色的创意之外,你还需要向学生会提交一份报告,解释你是如何想到这个点子的,以及你使用了哪些材料。
Along_with_your_wonderful_innovation,_you_need_to_submit_a_report_to_the_Student_Union,_explaining_how_the_idea_occurs_to_you_and_what_materials_you_use.
6.seek(sought,sought)vt.寻找,寻求;追求;探求,探索;试图
[记牢]
seeksth.fromsB. 向某人请求/寻求某物
seek(after/for)sB./sth.追求/寻找某人/某物
seekone'sfortune找出路;碰运气
seekout找出;寻出
seektodosth.试图做某事
[练通]
单句语法填空
1Halfanhourlater,hesoughtouthisfavoritetoyinthebasket,whichmadehimveryhappy.
2Hesoughtto_climb(climb)overthefence,butfaileD.
3Theforeignershavesoughthelpfromthelocalgovernment.
完成句子
4Ifyouwantto_seek_for/after_success,_youmustworkharD.
如果你想追求成功,就必须努力工作。
5HetoldusthathewasgoingtoBeijingto_seek_his_fortune.
他告诉我们他要到北京碰碰运气。
[写美]
⑥(2014·广东高考书面表达)为了理解不同文化中成功生活的意义,理查德从开始在世界各地寻找同年同月同日生的人。
In_order_to_understand_the_meaning_of_successful_life_in_different_cultures,_Richard,_from_2011,_began_to_seek_after/for_time_twins_around_the_worlD.
7.equipvt.使有准备;配备;装备
[记牢]
(1)equip...with... 用……装备……
equip...forsth./todosth.为(做)某事而装备……
beequippedfor/todosth.为(做)某事装备好;
做好准备
equipsB.todosth.使某人能够做某事
(2)equipmentn.[U]装备,设备
[练通]
单句语法填空
1Myfatheralwaysremindsmetoequipmyselfforthefuture.
2Pleaseequipyourselfwithapencilandarubberfortheexam.
3Hisworkexperienceequippedhimto_deal(deal)withallkindsofpeople.
4OurschoolisequippedwithmuchadvancedequipmentboughtfromabroaD.(equip)
单句改错
5Equippingwithnewscientificfarmingmethods,theyhavebeenabletouselessfarmlandthaninthepast.Equipping→Equipped
⑥Iamgoingtobuytelephoneequipmentsforourcompany.equipments→equipment
[写美]
⑦(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)此外,由于我们学校配备了各种设施,各种各样的体育活动才能够得以举办。
Moreover,_with_all_kinds_of_facilities_equipped_in_our_school,_a_wide_range_of_sports_activities_are_able_to_be_helD.
8.declinevi.&vt.下降;衰退;谢绝n.下降;衰退
[辨清] 写出下列句中decline的词性和含义
1Iinvitedhertomywedding,butshedeclinedmyinvitation.vt.谢绝
2Thecompanyreportedasmalldeclineinitsprofits.n.下降
3Asisknowntousall,industryinBritainhasbeenonthedeclinesincethe1970s.n.衰退
[记牢]
(1)declinetodosth. 拒绝做某事
declineto下降/减少到
declineby下降/减少了
(2)adeclinein/ofsth.在某方面减少/下降
indecline下降
onthedecline走下坡路,在衰退中
fall/gointo(a)decline开始衰落,陷入衰退
[