高中英语虚拟语气.docx

高中英语虚拟语气.docx

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高中英语虚拟语气

虚拟语气

一、考点聚焦

1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。

如：

IfIwereaboy,Iwouldjointhearmy.

Ifthehadtime,sheshouldgowithyou.

（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would/should/might/could+have+过去分词”。

如：

Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,hewouldhavesucceededinthecompetition.

（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should（wereto）+动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would/should/

couldmight+动词原形。

如；

Ifitweretoraintomorrow,thefootballmatchwouldbeputoff.

（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。

如：

Iftheyhadworkedhard,theywouldbeverytired.（从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在）

以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：

条件状语从句

主句

与过去事实相反

had+过去分词

should/would/could/might+have+过去分词

与现在事实相反

一般过去时（be用were）

would/should/could/might+动词原形

与将来事实相反

一般过去时或should（wereto）+动词原形

Would/should/cold/might+动词原形

有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were/had/should+主语”把were,had,should提到句首,变为倒装句式。

如：

IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.

→WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.

Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.

→Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldcatchthebus.

Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.

→Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.

注意：

若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时，不能用动词的缩略形式。

如：

我们可以说：

Wereitnotfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.但不能说：

Weren'titfortheexpense,Iwouldgoabroadnow.

2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句

（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。

①“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。

表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could（should）+have+过去分词”。

如：

Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.

IwishIhadknowntheanswer.

IwishIcouldflylikeabird.

②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insistrequest、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形或是动词原形。

如：

Shesuggestedwe（should）leavehereatonce.

Thedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated.

（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。

作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+动词原形”。

如：

Hissuggestionthatwe（should）gotoShanghaiiswonderful.

Myideaisthatthey（should）pay100dollars.

（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。

在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。

如：

Itisnecessary（important,natural,strange,etc.）thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.

Itwasapity（ashame,nowonder,etc.）thatyoushouldbesocareless.

Itwillbedesired（suggested,decided,ordered,requested,proposed,etc.）thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.

注意：

这种从句表示的是事实。

如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。

反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，that从句也可用陈述句语气。

如：

Itispitythatyoucan’tswim.

3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用

（1）虚拟语气在asif/asthough、evenif/eventhough等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。

如：

Hediditasifhewereanexpert.

Evenifshewerehere,shecouldnotsolvetheproblem.

（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。

这种从句常用于句型“Itis（high）time（that）…”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时（be用were）或should+动词原形，意思是“（现在）该……”。

如：

It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.

It’shightimeweweregoing.

（3）虚拟语气用在ifonly引导的感叹句中。

如：

IfonlyIwereabird.

IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.

（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。

①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。

如：

Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.

Wouldyoubekindenoughtoclosethedoor?

②用于一些习惯表达法中。

如：

Wouldyoulikeacupoftea?

Iwouldrathernottellyou.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______.（NMET95）

A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

解析：

答案为C。

本题考查的是asif引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，asif引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。

题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。

而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用werebroken。

2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.（NMET94）

A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

解析：

答案为D。

本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。

题意是：

我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。

因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。

3.—Ifhe___________,he________thatfood.

—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.（NMET93）

A.waswarned;wouldnottake

B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken

C.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken

D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken

解析：

答案为B。

本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。

根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。

虚拟语气专项练习

1．Wereitnotforthesnowyweather,we__________allright.

A.wouldbeB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.maybe

2.________morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.

A.IfthecaptainwereB.Hadthecaptainbeen

C.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen

3.Ifhe_________metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.

A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenable

C.werenotableD.arenotable

4.Ifyouaskedyourfather,you______________permission.

A.maygetB.mightgetC.shouldhavecalledD.maybeget

5._____________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WouldheleaveB.washeleaving

C.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves

6.______Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.

A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were

7.Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,__________allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.

A.couldloseB.wouldhavelostC.mightloseD.oughttohavelost

8.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he_______ourchairmannow.

A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe

9.Ifyou________________JerryBrownuntilrecently,you’dthinkthephotographontherightwasstrange.

A.shouldn’tcontactB.didn’tcontact

C.weren’ttocontactD.hadn’tcontacted

10._________heEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday

A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor

11.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!

IfonlyI_____________youradvice

A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed

12.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he_____ourchairmannow.

A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeen

C.wereD.hadn’tcontacted

13.Ifthehorsewontoday,it_____________thirtyracesinfiveyears.

A.wouldhavewonB.wonC.musthavewonD.didhavewon

14.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_______asuddenloudnoise.

A.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen

17.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospital,haditbeenatallpossible,butI______fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.

A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was

18.IapologizeifI__________you,butIassureyouitwasunintentional（无意的）.

A.offendB.hadoffended

C.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffended

19.Ifyouhadn’ttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we’d______therebynow.

A.beB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling

20.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest,soitseemsasifthesun________roundtheearth.

A.werecirclingB.circlesC.iscirclingD.becircling

21.IwishthatI_______________withyoulastnight.

A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone

22.IwishI___________withher.

A.wouldbeB.amC.wasD.were

23.IwishthatI_____________theconcertlastnight.

A.couldB.haveattendedC.couldhaveattendedD.attended

24.Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI_______________toit.

A.hadnotgoneB.havenotgone

C.didnotgoD.cannothavegone

25.“Iwishyou___________metoputthesethingsaway,”hesaid.

A.willhelpB.helpC.arehelpingD.wouldhelp

26.IftheWatergateIncident____Nixonwouldnothaveresignedfromthepresidency.

A.didnotoccurB.hadnotoccurredC.wasnotoccurringD.becircling

27.Ihadn’texpected________JamestoapologizebutIhadhoped.

A.himcallingmeB.thathewouldcallme

C.himtocallmeD.thathecallme

28.Georgewouldcertainlyhaveattendedthemeeting,____________________.

A.ifhedidn’tgetaflattireB.iftheflattirehadn’thappened

C.hadhenothadaflattireD.hadthetirenotflatteneditself

29.Theteachersuggestedthatherstudents_____________experienceswithESP.

A.writeacompositionontheirB.towritecompositionaboutthe

C.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorherD.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis

30.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe______________aChinese.

A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen

31.Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistrip____agreatsuccess.

A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.was

32.Lookingroundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe______________awayforages.

A.hasbeenB.wasC.isD.hadbeen

33.Johnissostronglybuiltthathelooksasifhe______aselephant.

A.liftsB.isliftingC.liftedD.couldlift

34.Hedescribedthetownasifhe_____________ithimself.

A.hadseenB.hasseenC.sawD.sees

35.Atthatthoughtheshookhimself,asthoughhe_____fromanevildream.

A.wokeB.wakesC.wouldwakeD.hadwoke

36.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou___________anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.

A.doB.don’tC.didn’tD.didn’tdo

37.Althoughmostadoptedpersonswanttherighttoknowwho______________theirnaturalparentsare,somewhohavefoundthemwishthattheytheexperienceofmeeting.

A.hadn’tB.didn’thavehadC.hadn’thadD.hadn’thave

38.ItisimportantthattheTOEFLoffice________yourregistration.

A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm

39.withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftoday’s____advancedtechnology.

A.willnothavebeenachievedB.havenotbeenachieved

C.wouldnothavebeenachievedD.hadnotbeenachieved

40.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe____________aChinese.

A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen

41.Itistimethatthegovernment___measurestoprotecttherarebird