大学英语四级考试真题.docx

大学英语四级考试真题.docx

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大学英语四级考试真题

ProtectYourPrivacyWhenJob-huntingOnline

Identitytheftandidentityfraudaretermsusedtorefertoalltypesofcrimeinwhichsomeonewrongfullyobtainsandusesanotherperson’spersonaldatainsomewaythatinvolvesfraudordeception,typicallyforeconomicgain.

Thenumbersassociatedwithidentitytheftarebeginningtoaddupfastthesedays.ArecentGeneralAccountingOfficereportestimatesthatasmanyas750,000Americansarevictimsofidentitythefteveryyear.Andthatnumbermaybelow,asmanypeoplechoosenottoreportthecrimeeveniftheyknowtheyhavebeenvictimized.

Identitytheftis“anabsoluteepidemic,”statesRobertEllisSmith,arespectedauthorandadvocateofprivacy.“It’scertainlypickedupinthelastfourorfiveyears.It’sworldwide.Itaffectseverybody,andthere’sverylittleyoucandotopreventitand,worstofall,youcan’tdetectituntilit’sprobablytoolate.”

Unlikeyourfingerprints,whichareuniquetoyouandcannotbegiventosomeoneelsefortheiruse,youpersonaldata,especiallyyoursocialsecuritynumber,yourbankaccountorcreditcardnumber,yourtelephonecallingcardnumber,andothervaluableidentifyingdata,canbeused,iftheyfallintothewronghands,topersonallyprofitatyourexpense.IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,forexample,manypeoplehavereportedthatunauthorizedpersonshavetakenfundsoutoftheirbankorfinancialaccounts,or,intheworstcases,takenovertheiridentitiesaltogether,runningupvastdebtsandcommittingcrimeswhileusingthevictims’names.Inmanycases,avictim’slossesmayincludednotonlyout-of-pocketfinanciallosses,butsubstantialadditionalfinancialcostsassociatedwithtryingtorestorehisreputationinthecommunityandcorrectingerroneousinformationforwhichthecriminalisresponsible.

AccordingtotheFBI,identitytheftisthenumberonefraudcommittedontheInternet.Sohowdojobseekersprotectthemselveswhilecontinuingtocirculatetheirresumesonline?

Thekeytoasuccessfulonlinejobsearchislearningtomanagertherisks.HerearesometipsforstayingsafewhileconductingajobsearchontheInternet.

1.Checkforaprivacypolicy.

Ifyouareconsideringpostingyourresumeonline,makesurethejobsearchsiteyourareconsideringhasaprivacypolicy,likeCareerB.Thepolicyshouldspellouthowyourinformationwillbeused,storedandwhetherornotitwillbeshared.Youmaywanttothinktwiceaboutpostingyourresumeonasitethatautomaticallysharesyourinformationwithothers.Youcouldbeopeningyourselfuptounwantedcallsfromsolicitors（推销员）.

Whenreviewingthesite’sprivacypolicy,you’llbeabletodeleteyourresumejustaseasilyasyoupostedit.Youwon’tnecessarilywantyourresumetoremainoutthereontheInternetonceyoulandajob.Remember,thelongeryourresumeremainspostedonajobboard,themoreexposure,bothpositiveandnot-so-positive,itwillreceive.

2.Takeadvantageofsitefeatures.

Lawfuljobsearchsitesofferlevelsofprivacyprotection.Beforepostingyourresume,carefullyconsideryourjobsearchobjectiveandthelevelofriskyouarewillingtoassume.

CareerB,forexample,offersthreelevelsofprivacyfromwhichjobseekerscanchoose.Thefirstisstandardposting.Thisoptiongivesjobseekerswhoposttheirresumesthemostvisibilitytothebroadestemployeraudiencepossible.

Thesecondisanonymous（匿名的）posting.Thisallowsjobseekersthesamevisibilityasthoseinthestandardpostingcategorywithoutanyoftheircontactinformationbeingdisplayed.Jobseekerswhowishtoremainanonymousbutwanttosharesomeotherinformationmaychoosewhichpiecesofcontactinformationtodisplay.

Thethirdisprivateposting.Thisoptionallowsajobseekertopostaresumewithouthavingitsearchedbyemployers.PrivatepostingallowsjobseekerstoquicklyandeasilyapplyforjobsthatappearonCareerBwithoutretypingtheirinformation.

3.Safeguardyouridentity.

CareerexpertssaythatoneofthewaysjobseekerscanstaysafewhileusingtheInternettosearchoutjobsistoconcealtheiridentities.Replaceyournameonyourresumewithageneric（泛指的）identifier,suchas“IntranetDeveloperCandidate,”or“ExperiencedMarketingRepresentative.”

Youshouldalsoconsidereliminatingthenameandlocationofyourcurrentemployer.Dependingonyourtitle,itmaynotbeallthatdifficulttodeterminewhoyouareoncethenameofyourcompanyisprovided.Useageneraldescriptionofthecompanysuchas“Majorautomanufacturer,”or“Internationalpackagedgoodssupplier.”

Ifyourjobtitleisunique,considerusingthegenericequivalentinsteadoftheexacttitleassignedbyyouremployer.

4.Establishandemailaddressforyoursearch.

Anotherwaytoprotectyourprivacywhileseekingemploymentonlineistoopenupanemailaccountspecificallyforyouronlinejobsearch.Thiswillsafeguardyourexistingemailboxintheeventsomeoneyoudon’tknowgetsholdofyouremailaddressandsharesitwithothers.

Usinganemailaddressspecificallyforyoujobsearchalsoeliminatesthepossibilitythatyouwillreceiveunwelcomeemailsinyourprimarymailbox.Whennamingyournewemailaddress,besurethatitdoesn’tcontainreferencestoyournameorotherinformationthatwillgiveawayyouridentity.Thebestsolutionisanemailaddressthatisrelevanttothejobyouareseekingsuchassalesmgr2004@.

5.Protectyourreference.

Ifyourresumecontainsasectionwiththenamesandcontactinformationofyourreferences,takeitout.There’snosenseinsafeguardingyourinformationwhilesharingprivatecontactinformationofyourreferences.

6.Keepconfidential（机密的）informationconfidential.

Donot,underanycircumstances,shareyoursocialsecurity,driver’slicense,andbankaccountnumbersorotherpersonalinformation,suchasraceoreyecolor.Honestemployersdonotneedthisinformationwithaninitialapplication.Don’tprovidethiseveniftheysaytheyneeditinordertoconductabackgroundcheck.Thisisoneoftheoldesttricksinthebook–don’tfallforit.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1.RobertEllisSmithbelievesidentitytheftisdifficulttodetectandonecanhardlydoanythingtopreventit.

2.Inmanycases,identitytheftnotonlycausesthevictims’immediatefinanciallossesbutcoststhemalottorestoretheirreputation.

3.Identitytheftisaminoroffenceanditsharmhasbeensomewhatoverestimated.

4.Itisimportantthatyourresumenotstayonlinelongerthanisnecessary.

5.OfthethreeoptionsofferedbyCareerBinSuggestion2,thethirdoneisapparentlymoststronglyrecommended.

6.Employersrequireapplicantstosubmitverypersonalinformationonbackgroundchecks.

7.Applicantsareadvisedtousegenericnamesforthemselvesandtheircurrentemployerswhenseekingemploymentonline.

8.Usingaspecialemailaddressinthejobsearchcanhelppreventyourfromreceiving________.

9.Toprotectyourreferences,youshouldnotpostonlinetheir________.

10.Accordingtothepassage,identitytheftiscommittedtypicallyfor________.

PartIVReadingComprehension（readingindepth）（25minutes）

SectionA

Yearsago,doctorsoftensaidthatpainwasanormalpartoflife.Inparticular,whenolderpatients__47__ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithit.

Timeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain__48__.Indeed,painisnowconsideredthefifthvitalsign,asimportantasbloodpressure,temperature,breathingrateandpulsein__49__aperson’swell-being.Weknowthatchronic（慢性的）paincandisrupt（扰乱）aperson’slife,causingproblemsthat__50__frommissedworktodepression.

That’swhyagrowingnumberofhospitalsnowdependuponphysicianswho__51__inpainmedicine.Notonlydoweevaluatethecauseofthepain,whichcanhelpustreatthepainbetter,butwealsohelpprovidecomprehensivetherapyfordepressionandotherpsychologicalandsocial__52__relatedtochronicpain.Suchcomprehensivetherapyoften__53__theworkofsocialworkers,psychiatrists（心理医生）andpsychologists,aswellasspecialistsinpainmedicine.

Thismodern__54__forpainmanagementhasledtoawealthofinnovativetreatmentswhicharemoreeffectiveandwithfewersideeffectsthaneverbefore.Decadesago,therewereonlya__55__numberofdrugsavailable,andmanyofthemcaused__56__sideeffectsinolderpeople,includingdizzinessandfatigue.Thiscreatedadouble-edgedsword:

themedicationshelpedrelievethepainbutcausedotherproblemsthatcouldbeworsethanthepainitself.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答

A）result

I）determining

B）involves

J）limited

C）significant

K）gravely

D）range

L）complained

E）relieved

M）respect

F）issues

N）prompting

G）seriously

O）specialize

H）magnificent

SectionB

I’vebeenwritingformostofmylife.ThebookWritingWithoutTeachersintroducedmetoonedistinctionandonepracticethathashelpedmywritingprocessestremendously.Thedistinctionisbetweenthecreativemindandthecriticalmind.Whileyouneedtoemploybothtogettoafinishedresult,theycannotworkinparallelnomatterhowmuchwemightliketothinkso.

Tryingtocriticizewritingontheflyispossiblythesinglegreatestbarriertowritingthatmostofusencounter.Ifyouarelisteningtothat5thgradeEnglishteachercorrectyourgrammarwhileyouaretryingtocaptureafleeting（稍纵即逝的）thought,thethoughtwilldie.Ifyoucapturethefleetingthoughtandsimplyshareitwiththeworldinrawform,nooneislikelytounderstand.Youmustlearntocreatefirstandthencriticizeifyouwanttomakewritingthetoolforthinkingtha