虚拟语气语法讲解+习题.docx
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虚拟语气语法讲解+习题
高中语法项目------虚拟语气SubjunctiveMood
一：
分类
1在英语中有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气
2虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求，有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。
二、形式
虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中，在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设。
a.和现在事实相反的假设
If从句
主句
主语+动词过去式+其它
（be动词用were）
主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形+其它
如：
IfIwereyou,Iwouldstudyhard.Ifhehadenoughmoney,hewouldbuyacomputer.
b.和过去事实相反的假设
If从句
主句
主语+haddone+其它
主语+hadbeendone+其它
主语+would/should/could/might+havedone
主语+would/should/could/might+havebeendone（被动）
如：
Ifyouhadcomefiveminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
Iftheyhadbeentreatedintime,theywouldnothavedied.
c.和将来事实相反的假设
If从句
主句
主语+weretodo+其它
主语+动词过去式+其它
主语+should+动词原形+其它
主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形
如：
IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinanotherday.
Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldn’tbeabletogoonpicnic.
d.混合条件句
混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设，而主句则表示现在的某种情况。
If从句
主句
主语+haddone+其它
主语+would/should/could/might+be+表语
主语+would/should/could/might+be+doing
主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形
三、注意事项
①如果从句中有were、had或者should时，则可以省略if，并将were、had或者should提前至句首，构成部分倒装，但如果是否定句，则否定词not不提前。
如：
WereItobeyoungagain,Iwouldstudymedicine.
=IfIweretobeyoungagain,Iwouldstudymedicine.
Hadyounotleftsoearly,youmighthavemissedthetrain.
=Ifyouhadnotleftsoearly,youmighthavemissedthetrain.
②用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有with,without,butfor.
如：
Withoutyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
=Butforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
=Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
=Haditnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.
③在句中出现了表示转折的连词，如or,orelse,otherwise等，如果句意和事实不符也要用虚拟语气。
如：
Youdidwhatyouwereaskedto,otherwiseyouwouldhavebeenpunished.
④如果句子中有短语forfearthat,lest,incase时，要用should+动词原形来表示虚拟，should可以省略。
如：
Heisworkinghardforfearthathefail.
⑤如果句子前半部分是虚拟，句中出现了but，后面句子则不用虚拟语气。
如:
Iwouldhavecomeearlier,butIdidn’tknowthatyouwerewaitingforme.
Thehousewouldhavebeenburntdownbutthefirefightersarrivedintime.
四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
1.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
a.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中，不表示“和事实相反的假设”而表示说话者的一种意愿、决心、要求、命令和建议。
“一、二、三、四”
“一坚持insist二命令order,command三建议advise,suggest,propose
四要求ask,require,request,demand”
虚拟形式“在从句谓语动词前加should，should可以省略。
MyteachersuggestedthatI（should）spendmoretimelearningEnglish.
Shesuggestedwe（should）leavehereatonce.
Thedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated.
注意：
当suggest翻译成“暗示、表明”；insist翻译成“坚持认为、坚持说”，坚持的是一种事实，而不是表示一种命令或者要求时，不应该用虚拟语气，应该用陈述语气。
Thesmileonherfacesuggestedthathewassatisfiedwithourwork.
Themaninsistedthathehadneverstolenthemonry.
b.在wouldrather后的宾语从句中也要用虚拟语气。
wouldrather
对现在、将来虚拟：
一般过去时（did/be用were）
对过去的虚拟：
过去完成时（haddone0
Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.
Iwouldrathertheydidn’thearofthenews.
c.wish+宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could（should）+have+过去分词”。
。
对现在虚拟
一般过去时（did/be用were）
对过去虚拟
过去完成时（haddone）
对将来虚拟
过去将来时（woulddo）
IwishIwereaflyingbirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.
IwishIhadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.
HowIwishitwouldbefinetomorrow!
注意：
howIwish…=ifonly（要是……就好了），虚拟和wish虚拟用法一致。
2.虚拟语气用在主语从句中
a.Itis/was+adj.+that+主语+shoulddo（should可以省略）
adj:
advisable,amazing,astonishing,better,clear,certain,desirable,good,interesting,impo-ssible,normal,necessary,possible…
Itisnaturalthathe（should）thinkso.
Itwasnecessarythattheplanshouldbeplannedcarefully.
b.Itis/was+n.+that+主语+shoulddo（should可以省略）
①表示“惊奇、怀疑、遗憾”等意义的名词词组，如:
afact,agoodthing,apity,ashame,awonder…
②表示“请求、命令、建议、决心”等意义的名词，如advice,demand,decision,order,proposal,requirement,suggestion…
Itisapitysheshouldsayso.
Itwasherorderthatthemattershouldbediscussed.
③Itis/was+过去分词+that+主语+shoulddo（should可以省略）
用在该句型中的动词过去分词表示“请求、命令、建议”等。
ItisrequestedthatMissLishouldgiveaperformanceattheparty.
④Itis（high）timethat+主语+did/shoulddo，should不可以省略
到做……的时间了。
It’stimethatIpickedupmydaughter.
It’shightimeweweregoing.
3.虚拟语气用在表语从句中
用在advise,idea,order,plan,suggestion,demand,proposal等后面的表语从句，需用“shoulddo”构成谓语，should可以省略。
WhatIsuggestisthatweshouldstarttheworkatonce.
Hisorderisthatthemeetingshouldbecalledoff.
4.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中
当demand,insist,decide,determine,recommend,suggest这些动词的名词形式后跟同位语从句时，要用虚拟语气，用shoulddo表示虚拟。
Notallofthemagreedtomysuggestionthatmoremoneyshouldbegiventothem.
Hisrequestthatheshouldbegivenarisewasturneddownatthemeeting.
5.虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中，inorderthat,sothat…用情态动词
IgotupearlythismorningsothatIcouldcatchthebustoBoston.
6.在asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句中
a.asif,asthough引导的状语从句是否用虚拟取决于从句所描绘的情况，如果情况与事实相符就可以不用虚拟，否则就要用虚拟语气。
Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.
Sheactedasifnothinghadhappened.
b.对将来的虚拟asif/asthough+主语+would/could/should/might+do（动词原形）
Itlooksasiftheoldmancouldliveanother10years.
c.对现在的虚拟asif/asthough+主语+did（动词过去式）
Theoldmanislyingonthegroundasifheweredead.
d.asif/asthough+主语+weredoing（对现在进行虚拟）
Theyranasfastastheycouldasifaghostwerechasingthem.
e.asif’/asthough+主语+haddone（对过去事实的虚拟）
Heateasifhehadn’thadamealforyears.
精典名题导解
1.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit_______.
A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken
解析：
答案为C。
2.Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.（NMET94）
A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome
解析：
答案为D。
3.—Ifhe___________,he________thatfood.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.（NMET93）
A.waswarned;wouldnottake
B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken
D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken
解析：
答案为B。
虚拟语气
1．Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch．IwishIthebookfromwhichitwasmade．
A．havereadB．hadreadC．shouldhavereadD．amreading
2．Youarelate．Ifyouafewminutesearlier,youhim．
A．came；WouldmeetB．hadcome；Wouldhavemet
C．come；WillmeetD．hadcome；wouldmeet
3．Ican’tstandhim．Healwaystalksasthoughheeverything·
A．knewB．knowsC．hasknowD．hadknown
4．Hisdoctorsuggestedthatheshorttripabroad．
A．willtakeB．wouldtakeC．takeD．took
5．Wemighthavefailedifyouusahelpinghand．
A．havenotgivenB．wouldnotgiveC．hadnotgivenD．didnotgive
6．Thelawrequiresthateveryronehiscarcheckedatleastonceamonth．
A．hasB．haveC．hadD．willhave
7．Hewasbusyyesterday，otherwisehetothemeeting．
A．wouldcomeB．wouldhavebeenC．couldhavebeenD．wouldbe
8．Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood，Englishmucheasier．
A．willbeB．wouldhavebeenC．couldhavebeenD．wouldbe
9．thefog，weshouldhavereachedourschoo1．
A．BecauseofB．InspiteofC．IncaseofD．Butfor
10．—Whatwillyoudoduringwintervacation?
—Idon’tknow，butit’sabouttimesomething·
A．IdecidedB．I’lldecideC．I’ddecidedD．I’mdeciding
11．Hewasverybusyyesterday，otherwise，hetoyourbirthdayparty．
A．wouldcomeB．cameC．wouldhavecomeD．shouldcome
12．Thetwostrangerstalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears．
A．shouldbeB．hadbeenC．havebeenD．were
13．Look!
Whatyou’vedone!
Youhavebeenmorecareful．
A．shouldB．mayC．oughtD．would
14．Withoutelectricity，what?
A．willtheworldbelikeB．wouldtheworldbelike
C．theworldwillbelikeD．theWorldWouldbelike
15．Withyourability，yououtthepuzzlewithinafewminutes．
A．couldhaveworkedB．needhaveworked
B．C．oughthaveworkedD．musthaveworked
16．Mysuggestionisthatthesickboytohospitalassoonaspossible．
A．istakenB．mustbetakenC．betakenD．hastobetaken
17．Ifwehadnotmissedthebus，welunchathomenow．
A．wouldhavehadB．wouldhaveC．mustbehavingD．wouldbehaving
18．hereyesterday，hewouldattendthelecturewithustoday．
A．HadhebeenB．IfhewereC．WereheD．Shouldbehe
19．Histiredfacesuggestedthathereallytiredafterthe1ongwalk．
A．hadbeenB．wasC．beD．shouldbe
20．DoyoufeelthatItheprobleminadifferentwaytheotherday?
A．shouldcomeB．shouldhavesolvedC．havesolvedD．solved
21．0urchairmanhasn’tcomeyet．Ifheontime，wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting．
A．shouldcomeB．wouldcomeC．shouldn’tcomeD．doesn’tcome
22．Heinsistedthathereallyverytriedandthathetohavearest．
A．was；beallowedB．was；mustbeallowed
C．shouldbe；mustbeallowedD．shouldbe；beallowed
23．Hedidhisbestineverything；hewouldnothavebeenwhathewas．
A．andB．butC．otherwiseD．butthat
24．IdoIcouldgiveyouahand．
A．hopeB．wishC．expectD．think
25．IWouldrathershetomorrowthantoday．
A．comeB．cameC．shouldD．hascome
26．Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybodytherules．
A．obeysB．obeyC．willobeyD．Wouldobey
27．IherifIthoughtshewouldunderstand．
A．wouldtellB．willtellC．Wouldhaveto1dD．told
28．TheteacherrequiresRosebyheart15Englishwordseachday．
A．1earnB．tolearnC．mustlearnD．1earning
29．—Ifhe，hethatfood．
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospita1immediate1y．
A．Waswarmed；wouldnottakeB．hadbeenwarmed；wou1dnothavetaken
C．wouldbewarmed；hadnottakenD．wouldhavebeenwarmed；hadnottaken
30．Withoutelectricityhumanlifequitedifferenttoday．
A．isB．willbeC．wouldhavebeenD．Wouldbe
一、强调句句型
1.陈述句的强调句型：
Itis/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+其他部分。
e.g.ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.
2.一般疑问句的强调句型：
同上，只是把is/was提到it前面。
e.g.WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing？
3.特殊疑问句的强调句型：
被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分？
e.g.Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn？
4.强调句例句：
针对ImetLiMin
升级会员 