虚拟语气语法讲解+习题.docx

1、虚拟语气语法讲解+习题 高中语法项目-虚拟语气Subjunctive Mood一：分类1在英语中有三种语气，陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气2 虚拟语气表示说话的人的一种愿望、意见、命令、要求，有时候是一种非真实的假设、料想或者是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。二、形式虚拟语气经常用在if引导的条件状语从句中，在条件句中做出和事实不相符的一种假设。a.和现在事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+动词过去式+其它(be动词用were)主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形+其它如：If I were you, I would study hard. If he had enough

2、 money, he would buy a computer.b.和过去事实相反的假设If从句主句主语+had done+其它主语+had been done+其它主语+would/should/could/might +have done主语+would/should/could/might +have been done(被动)如：If you had come five minutes earlier, you would have met him.If they had been treated in time, they would not have died.c.和将来事实相反的

3、假设If从句主句主语+were to do+其它主语+动词过去式+其它主语+should+动词原形+其它主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形如：If I were to do it, I would do it in another day. If it rained tomorrow, we wouldnt be able to go on picnic.d.混合条件句混合条件句是指条件句是对过去事实相反的假设，而主句则表示现在的某种情况。If从句主句主语+had done+其它主语+would/should/could/ might +be+表语主语+would

4、/should/could/might +be+doing主语+would/should/could/might+动词原形三、注意事项如果从句中有were、had或者should时，则可以省略if，并将were、had或者should提前至句首，构成部分倒装，但如果是否定句，则否定词not不提前。 如：Were I to be young again, I would study medicine.=If I were to be young again, I would study medicine.Had you not left so early, you might have miss

5、ed the train.=If you had not left so early, you might have missed the train.用介词短语代替条件状语从句，常用的介词有with, without, but for.如：Without your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =But for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time. =If it had not been for your help, we coul

6、dnt have finished the work ahead of time. =Had it not been for your help, we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.在句中出现了表示转折的连词，如or, or else, otherwise等，如果句意和事实不符也要用虚拟语气。如：You did what you were asked to, otherwise you would have been punished.如果句子中有短语for fear that, lest, in case时，要用should+动词

7、原形来表示虚拟，should可以省略。如：He is working hard for fear that he fail.如果句子前半部分是虚拟，句中出现了but，后面句子则不用虚拟语气。如 :I would have come earlier, but I didnt know that you were waiting for me. The house would have been burnt down but the firefighters arrived in time.四、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用1.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 a.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中，不表示“和事实相反的

8、假设”而表示说话者的一种意愿、决心、要求、命令和建议。“一、二、三、四”“一坚持insist二命令order, command三建议advise, suggest, propose四要求ask, require, request, demand”虚拟形式“在从句谓语动词前加should，should可以省略。My teacher suggested that I (should) spend more time learning English.She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should b

9、e operated.注意：当suggest翻译成“暗示、表明”；insist翻译成“坚持认为、坚持说”，坚持的是一种事实，而不是表示一种命令或者要求时，不应该用虚拟语气，应该用陈述语气。The smile on her face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the monry.b.在would rather后的宾语从句中也要用虚拟语气。would rather对现在、将来虚拟：一般过去时(did/be用were)对过去的虚拟：过去完成时 (had

10、 done0I would rather you came tomorrow.I would rather they didnt hear of the news. c. wish + 宾语从句表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。对现在虚拟一般过去时(did/be用were)对过去虚拟过去完成时(had done)对将来虚拟过

11、去将来时(would do)I wish I were a flying bird and could fly freely in the sky.I wish I had met that film star yesterday.How I wish it would be fine tomorrow!注意：how I wish=if only(要是就好了)，虚拟和wish虚拟用法一致。2.虚拟语气用在主语从句中a. It is/was +adj.+ that+主语+should do (should可以省略)adj:advisable,amazing,astonishing,better,

12、clear,certain,desirable,good,interesting,impo-ssible,normal,necessary,possibleIt is natural that he (should) think so.It was necessary that the plan should be planned carefully.b. It is/ was+ n.+ that+主语+should do(should可以省略)表示“惊奇、怀疑、遗憾”等意义的名词词组，如: a fact, a good thing, a pity, a shame, a wonder 表示“

13、请求、命令、建议、决心”等意义的名词，如advice, demand, decision, order, proposal, requirement, suggestion It is a pity she should say so.It was her order that the matter should be discussed. It is/was+过去分词+that+主语+should do(should可以省略)用在该句型中的动词过去分词表示“请求、命令、建议”等。It is requested that Miss Li should give a performance at

14、 the party.It is (high) time that+主语+did/should do，should不可以省略到做的时间了。Its time that I picked up my daughter.Its high time we were going.3.虚拟语气用在表语从句中用在advise, idea, order, plan, suggestion, demand, proposal等后面的表语从句，需用“should do”构成谓语，should可以省略。What I suggest is that we should start the work at once.H

15、is order is that the meeting should be called off.4.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中当demand, insist, decide, determine, recommend, suggest这些动词的名词形式后跟同位语从句时，要用虚拟语气，用should do表示虚拟。Not all of them agreed to my suggestion that more money should be given to them.His request that he should be given a rise was turned down at

16、the meeting.5.虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中，in order that, so that用情态动词I got up early this morning so that I could catch the bus to Boston.6.在as if, as though引导的方式状语从句中a. as if, as though引导的状语从句是否用虚拟取决于从句所描绘的情况，如果情况与事实相符就可以不用虚拟，否则就要用虚拟语气。It looks as if it is going to rain.She acted as if nothing had happened.b.对将来的

17、虚拟 as if/as though+主语+would/could/should/might +do（动词原形）It looks as if the old man could live another 10 years.c.对现在的虚拟 as if/as though+主语+did(动词过去式)The old man is lying on the ground as if he were dead.d. as if/ as though+主语+were doing(对现在进行虚拟)They ran as fast as they could as if a ghost were chasi

18、ng them.e. as if/as though+主语+had done(对过去事实的虚拟)He ate as if he hadnt had a meal for years.精典名题导解1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken 解析：答案为C。2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met

19、my brother.(NMET 94)A.has come B.did come C.came D.had come解析：答案为D。3. If he _, he _that food.Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93) A.was warned; would not takeB.had been warned; would not have takenC.would be warned; had not takenD.would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案为B。虚拟语

20、气1I enjoyed the movie very muchI wish I the book from which it was made Ahave read Bhad read Cshould have read Dam reading2You are lateIf you a few minutes earlier,you him Acame；Would meetBhad come；Would have met Ccome；Will meet Dhad come；would meet3I cant stand himHe always talks as though he every

21、thing Aknew Bknows Chas know Dhad known4His doctor suggested that he short trip abroad Awill take Bwould take Ctake Dtook5We might have failed if you us a helping hand Ahave not given Bwould not give Chad not given Ddid not give6The law requires that everyrone his car checked at least once a month A

22、has Bhave Chad Dwill have7He was busy yesterday，otherwise he to the meeting Awould come Bwould have been Ccould have been Dwould be8If there were no subjunctive mood，English much easier Awill be Bwould have been Ccould have been Dwould be9 the fog，we should have reached our schoo1 ABecause of BIn sp

23、ite of CIn case of DBut for10What will you do during winter vacation? I dont know，but its about time something AI decided BIll decide CId decided DIm deciding11He was very busy yesterday，otherwise，he to your birthday party Awould come Bcame Cwould have come Dshould come12The two strangers talked as

24、if they friends for years Ashould be Bhad been Chave been Dwere13Look! What youve done!You have been more careful Ashould Bmay Cought Dwould14Without electricity，what ? Awill the world be like Bwould the world be like Cthe world will be like Dthe World Would be like15With your ability，you out the pu

25、zzle within a few minutesA could have worked Bneed have worked B Cought have worked Dmust have worked16My suggestion is that the sick boy to hospital as soon as possible Ais taken Bmust be taken Cbe taken Dhas to be taken17If we had not missed the bus，we lunch at home now Awould have had Bwould have

26、 Cmust be having Dwould be having18 here yesterday，he would attend the lecture with us today AHad he been BIf he were CWere he DShould be he19His tired face suggested that he really tired after the 1ong walk Ahad been Bwas Cbe Dshould be20Do you feel that I the problem in a different way the other d

27、ay? Ashould come Bshould have solved Chave solved Dsolved210ur chairman hasnt come yetIf he on time，we would have to put off the meeting Ashould come Bwould come Cshouldnt come Ddoesnt come22He insisted that he really very tried and that he to have a rest Awas；be allowed Bwas；must be allowed Cshould

28、 be；must be allowed Dshould be；be allowed23He did his best in everything； he would not have been what he was Aand Bbut Cotherwise Dbut that24I do I could give you a hand Ahope Bwish Cexpect Dthink25I Would rather she tomorrow than today Acome Bcame Cshould Dhas come26The guard at the gate insisted t

29、hat everybody the rules Aobeys Bobey Cwill obey DWould obey27I her if I thought she would understand Awould tell Bwill tell CWould have to1d Dtold28The teacher requires Rose by heart 15 English words each day A1earn Bto learn Cmust learn D1earning29If he ，he that food Luckily he was sent to the hosp

30、ita1 immediate1y AWas warmed；would not take Bhad been warmed；wou1d not have taken Cwould be warmed；had not taken Dwould have been warmed；had not taken30Without electricity human life quite different todayAis Bwill be Cwould have been DWould be一、强调句句型1. 陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其他部分。 e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.2. 一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping？3. 特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？ e.g. When and where was it that you were born？4. 强调句例句：针对I met Li Min