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专题04阅读理解II细节理解题考点2细节转换与是非判断题高考英语二轮复习3教师版
2021年高三二轮复习英语精品资料【讲】
专题04阅读理解II:
细节理解
考点2细节转换与是非判断题
细节理解题
考点1事实细节题
考点2细节转换与是非判断题
考点3数字计算题
【考纲解读】
考试大纲
要求
考纲解读
要求考生阅读4篇短文,从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项。
题材广泛,包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。
体裁多样,以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。
考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、篇章结构等题型。
主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意和总结段落大意,主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节,是否具备提纲挈领的能力,也就是能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结,做这类题目时要高瞻远瞩,不可以以偏概全。
【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向
阅读理解II:
细节理解考点2细节转换与是非判断题
2021年命题解读和近年考点再现
1.B【2020·新高考全国II卷(海南卷)】
Theendoftheschoolyearwasinsightandspiritswerehigh.Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"forbiddenfruit"thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol(手枪).
Idecidedtothinkupamethodofdealingwithforbiddenfruit.
"Pleasebringthatpistoltome,"Isaid."I'mgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox."
"What'sthat?
"theyasked.
"It'salargewoodenchestfulloftoysformygrandchildren,"Ireplied,
"Youdon'thavegrandchildren,"someonesaid.
"Idon'tnow."Ireplied."ButsomedayIwill.WhenIdo,myboxwillbefullofwonderfulthingsforthem."
MyimaginaryGrandma'sBoxworkedlikemagicthatspring,andlater.Sometimes.studentswouldaskmetodescribeallthethingsIhadinit.ThenIwouldtrytorememberthedifferentpossessionsIsupposedlyhadtakenaway—sinceIseldomactuallykeptthemUsuallytheoffenderwouldappearattheendoftheday,andIwouldreturnthebelonging.
The-yearswentby,andmyfirstgrandchildGordonwasborn.Isharedmyjoywiththatyear'sclass.Thensomeonesaid,"NowyoucanuseyourGrandma'sBox."Fromthenoninsteadofcomingtoasktheirpossessionsback,thestudentswouldsay,"That'sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon."
Ilovedtalkingabouttheimaginarybox,notonlywithmystudentsbutalsowithmyownchildren.TheyenjoyedhearingaboutalltheforbiddenfruitIhadcollected.ThenoneChristmasIreceivedasurprisegift—alarge,beautifullymadewoodenchest.MysonBrucehadmademyGrandma'sBoxareality.
1.Whatwastheauthor'spurposeinhavingtheconversationwiththestudents?
()
A.Tocollectthewaterpistol.
B.Totalkabouthergrandchildren.
C.Torecommendsometoys.
D.Toexplainherteachingmethod.
2.WhatdidthestudentsdoaftertheylearnedaboutthebirthofGordon?
(
)
A.Theywenttoplaywiththebaby.
B.TheyaskedtoseetheGrandma'sBox.
C.TheymadeapresentforGordon.
D.Theystoppedaskingtheirtoysback.
【答案】1.A2.D
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲叙了作者为收集学生们带到学校的玩具,想出了一个“奶奶的盒子”的办法。
到后来,作者的第一个孙子出生,学生们也不再来要求归还他们的财物了,作者也在某一年圣诞节收到了儿子制作的大木箱,将“奶奶的盒子”变成了现实。
1.细节理解题。
根据第一段中“Iwasbackteachingafteranabsenceof15years,dealingwiththevariouskindsof"forbiddenfruit"thatcomeoutofbookbags.Nowwasthespringofthewaterpistol.(在缺席了15年之后,我又回到了教书的地方,处理从书包里掏出的各种各样的“禁果”。
现在流行的是水枪)”以及第三段中“‘Pleasebringthatpistoltome,’Isaid.‘I'mgoingtoputitinmyGrandma'sBox.’(“请把那支水枪给我,”我说。
“我要把它放在我‘奶奶的盒子’里。
”)”由此可知,作者与学生进行对话的目的是收集水枪。
故选A。
2.细节理解题。
根据倒数第二段中“Fromthenoninsteadofcomingtoasktheirpossessionsback,thestudentswouldsay,‘That'sokay.PutitinyourGrandma'sBoxforGordon.’(从那时起,学生们不再来要求归还他们的财物,而是说:
“没关系。
把它放在你“奶奶给戈登的盒子”里)”由此可知,学生们在得知了戈登的出生后,他们不再索要玩具。
故选D。
2.C【2020·新高考全国II卷(海南卷)】
InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible:
theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway(晃动).Theauthoritiesclosedaccesstothebridgeandtensofthousandsofpeoplemadetheirwaybacktoland.Adisasterwasavoided.
ThestoryisoneofscoresinToForgiveDesign:
UnderstandingFailure,abookthatisatoncealovelettertoengineeringandapaean(赞歌)toitsbreakdowns.Itsauthor,Dr.HenryPetroski,haslongbeenwritingaboutdisasters.Inthisbook,heincludesthelossofthespaceshuttles(航天飞机)ChallengerandColumbia,andthesinkingoftheTitanic.
Thoughheacknowledgesthatengineeringworkscanfailbecausethepersonwhothoughtthemuporengineeredthemsimplygotthingswrong,inthisbookDr.Petroskiwidenshisviewtoconsiderthelargercontextinwhichsuchfailuresoccur.Sometimesdevicesfailbecauseagooddesignisconstructedwithlowqualitymaterialsincompetentlyapplied.Orperhapsadesignworkssowellitisadoptedelsewhereagainandagain,withseeminglyharmlessimprovements,until,suddenly,itdoesnotworkatallanymore.
Readerswillencounternotonlystoriestheyhaveheardbefore,butsomenewstoriesandamovingdiscussionoftheresponsibilityoftheengineertothepublicandthewaysyoungengineerscanbehelpedtograspthem.
"Successissuccessbutthatisallthatitis,"Dr.Petroskiwrites.Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.
1.WhathappenedtotheGoldenGateBridgeonits50thbirthday?
()
A.Itcarriedmoreweightthanitcould.
B.Itswayedviolentlyinastrongwind
C.Itsroadwaywasdamagedbyvehicles
D.Itsaccesswasblockedbymanypeople.
2.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggest?
()
A.Failurecanleadtoprogress.B.Successresultsinoverconfidence
C.Failureshouldbeavoided.D.Successcomesfromjointefforts.
【答案】1.A2.A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。
主要讲述了对彼得罗斯基博士的书《原谅设计:
理解失败》的评论,工程设计可能会因为某些原因带来失败,但失败才能带来进步。
1.细节理解题。
根据文章第一段“InMay1987theGoldenGateBridgehada50thbirthdayparty.Thebridgewasclosedtomotortrafficsopeoplecouldenjoyawalkacrossit.Organizersexpectedperhaps50,000peopletoshowup.Instead,asmanyas800,000crowdedtheroadstothebridge.Bythetime250,000wereonthebridge,engineersnoticedsomethingterrible:
theroadwaywasflatteningunderwhatturnedouttobetheheaviestloadithadeverbeenaskedtocarry.Worse,itwasbeginningtosway”可以看出,1987年5月,金门大桥举行了一个50岁生日聚会。
这座桥禁止机动车通行,人们可以在桥上散步。
组织者预计将有5万人到场。
相反,多达80万人挤满了通往大桥的道路。
当25万人在桥上时,工程师们注意到了一个可怕的现象:
路面在被要求承载的最重荷载作用下变得平了。
更糟的是,它开始晃动。
因此可以看出,金门大桥50岁生日那天,它的重量超过了它的承受能力。
故选A。
2.细节理解题。
根据文章最后一段的“Itisfailurethatbringsimprovement.”可知,失败才能带来进步。
因此可以看出,A项与此相呼应,即失败能带来进步,故选A。
3.B【2020·全国新高考II山东卷】
JeniferMauerhasneededmorewillpowerthanthetypicalcollegestudenttopursuehergoalofearninganursingdegree.ThatwillpowerborefruitwhenJennifergraduatedfromUniversityofWisconsin-EauClaireandbecamethefirstinherlargefamilytoearnabachelor'sdegree.
Mauer,ofEdgar,Wisconsin,grewuponafarminafamilyof10children.Herdadworkedatajobawayfromthefarm,andhermotherranthefarmwiththekids.Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition(学费),becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.Aftergraduation,sheworkedtohelphersistersandbrotherspayfortheirschooling.
Jennifernowismarriedandhasthreechildrenofherown.Shedecidedtogobacktocollegetoadvancehercareerandtobeabletobettersupportherfamilywhiledoingsomethingsheloves:
nursing.ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.Jeniferreceivedgreatsupportfromherfamilyassheworkedtocarherdegree:
Herhusbandworkedtwojobstocoverthebills,andher68-year-oldmotherhelpedtakecareofthechildrenattimes.
Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(牺牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily-andthat'sprettypowerful.
1.WhatdidJenniferdoafterhighschool?
()
A.Shehelpedherdadwithhiswork.
B.Sheranthefamilyfarmonherown.
C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.
D.Shetaughthersistersandbrothersathome.
2.WhydidJenniferchoosetheprogramatMinistrySaintJoseph'sHospitalinMarshfield?
()
A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.B.Tolearnfromthebestnurses.
C.Tosavemoneyforherparents.D.Tofindawell-paidjobthere.
3.WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?
()
A.Herhealth.B.Hertimewithfamily.
C.Herreputation.D.Herchanceofpromotion.
【答案】1.C2.A3.B
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述了Jennifer在家里不能提供大学教育的情况下,通过自己的努力,以及家人的帮助完成了四年学位。
她的努力不仅让自己以优异的成绩毕业,还给家人,尤其是她的三个孩子树立了榜样,让他们得到了激励。
1.C细节理解题。
根据第二段的Afterhighschool,Jenniferattendedalocaltechnicalcollege,workingtopayhertuition,becausetherewasnoextramoneysetasideforacollegeeducation.(高中毕业后,Jennifer上了一所当地的技术学院来支付她的学费,因为家里没有额外的钱用来支付大学教育)可知,高中毕业后Jennifer通过自己挣钱来完成大学教学,因为家里没有额外的钱。
C.Shesupportedherselfthroughcollege.(她自食其力读完了大学)符合以上说法,故选C项。
2.A细节理解题。
根据第三段的ShechosetheUW-EauClaireprogramatMisnistrySaintJoseph’sHospitalinMarshfieldbecauseshewasabletopursueherfour-yeardegreeclosetohome.Shecoulddrivetoclassandbehomeintheeveningtohelpwithherkids.(她选择了位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目,因为她可以在离家近的地方攻读四年的学位。
她可以开车去上课,晚上可以回家照顾孩子)可知,Jennifer选择位于马什菲尔德的圣约瑟夫医院的UW-EauClaire项目是因为离家近,这样便于照顾她的三个孩子。
A.Totakecareofherkidseasily.(为了方便照顾她的孩子)符合以上说法,故选A项。
3.B细节理解题。
根据最后一段的Jennifersacrificedtoachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.(Jennifer为了实现自己的目标牺牲了很多,她放弃了很多