新概念三册全程班阅读专项学生用书.docx
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新概念三册全程班阅读专项学生用书
2011年高考英语专题复习——阅读理解
考情动态分析
多年来阅读理解一直是高考英语测试的重头戏。
全卷l50分,阅读理解占40分,更何况其他题型如完形填空、短文改错甚至单项选择等都是对阅读理解能力的间接考查。
可以毫不夸张地说,做好阅读理解题,是获得高考英语高分的关键!
1.高考对阅读理解的要求
(1)《考试大纲》对阅读理解的要求:
要求考生能读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料,例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章。
考生应能:
①理解主旨大意;
②寻找具体信息;
③识别不同文体特征;
④根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义;
⑤作出简单的判断和推理;
⑥理解文章的基本逻辑结构;
⑦把握作者的意图和态度;
⑧理解文章的文化信息。
(2)《新课程标准》对阅读理解的目标要求:
《新课程标准》在语言技能部分中对“读”的八级目标是这样要求的:
①能识别不同文体的特征;
②能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长旬;
③能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度;
④能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理;
⑤能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品;
⑥除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上。
2.近几年高考阅读理解的题型设置、命题特点及预测
(1)题型设置
阅读理解是历年高考英语的必考题型,在整个试卷中占的分值最大。
一般是4~5篇短文,共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分。
阅读理解的主要考查题型有:
①细节理解
②词义理解
③推理判断
④主旨大意
⑤图形识别
(2)命题特点
①阅读材料的选择贴近生活,广泛多样
②所选短文多是外国人写的反映外国事物的内容,文章结构严谨,逻辑性强,英语语言地道、标准,话题适合当代中学生。
③问题的设置科学合理,检测重点放在考查考生获取信息、解决问题的语言运用能力上。
(3)高考预测
通过对近几年高考试题的分析,可知今后阅读理解题的命题趋向:
①更加重视词汇量的扩大,注意新增词汇;
②更加重视语篇分析、推测能力,而减少对事实、细节的考查;
③更加重视阅读量和阅读速度;
④采用原版英文材料,内容新颖,语言更加地道
⑤取材更加广泛,题材和体裁更加灵活多样。
真题回放
例2008(I)
Itisoftennecessarytoreleaseafish,thatis,setitfreeaftercatching,becauseitistoosmall,oryoujustdon’twanttotakeithometoeat.Insomecases,releasingfishisagoodmeasurethatwillhelpkeepfishvarietyandbuildtheirpopulationsize.TheDepartmentofGameandInlandFisheries(DGIF)encouragesfishermenwhopracticecatch-and-releasefishingtouseafewsimpleskillswhendoingso.Theadviceprovidedbelowwillhelpmakesurethatthefishyoureleasewillsurvive(存活)tobiteagainanotherday.
—Whencatchingafish,playitquicklyandkeepthefishinthewaterasmuchaspossible.
Don’t’useanetinlandingthefishandreleaseitquicklytopreventitfromdying.
—Holdthefishgently.Donotputyourfingersinitseyes.Don’twipethescales(鱼鳞)offthefishbecauseitmightcauseittodevelopadiseaseandreduceitschanceofsurvival.
—Removeyourhook(鱼钩)quickly.Ifthehookistoodeeporhookedinthestomach,cutthelineandleavethehookin.Thehookleftinsidewillcausenoseriousproblemtothefish.
—Takegoodcareofthefishbymovingitgentlyinwater.Releasethefishwhenitbeginstostruggleandisabletoswim.
—Donotholdfishinabucketorsomeothercontainersandlaterdecidetoreleaseit.Ifyouaregoingtoreleaseafish,dosorightaway.
Withalittlecareandbyfollowingthesuggestionsgivenabove,youcangivethereleasedfishabetterchanceofsurvival.
64.Peoplesometimessetafishfreeaftercatchingitbecausethey_________
A.don’twantittodieB.hopeitwillgrowquickly
C.don’twanttohaveitasfoodD.wanttopracticetheirfishingskills
65.Whichofthefollowingwillprobablymakeafishill?
A.Takingthehookoffit.B.Removingitsscales.
C.TouchingitsevesD.Holdingitinyourhand.
66.Aproperwaytoreleaseafishisto_________.
A.moveitinwatertillitcanswimB.takethehookoutofitsstomach
C.keepitinabucketforsometimeD.letitstrugglealittleinyourhand
67.Whatisthepurposeofthetest?
A.Toshowhowtoenjoyfishing.B.Topersuadepeopletofishlessoften.
C.Toencouragepeopletosetfishfree.D.Togiveadviceonhowtoreleasefish.
解题方法
1.通读全文。
掌握大意
2.问题先行,阅读随后
3.仔细审题,重点再读
4.全面理解,归纳推理
5.分析验证,确定答案
主要考查的题型有:
1.主旨大意题
标志性句子常见的有:
Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainidea?
Whichofthefollowingbestsummariesthepassage
Thepassageismainlyabout...
Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainpurposeis…
Thecentralideaoftheparagraphisthat…
Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis…
Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?
Thepassagedealsmainlywith/ismainlyabout/isprimarilyconcernedwith...
对于这类考题,考生应做到:
(1)寻找主题句(topic:
sentence)从而抓住全段的中心思想。
一般说来,每一个段落有一个中心思想,尤其是议论文和说明文更为典型。
代表本段中心思想的句子叫做主题句,其常见位置是段首第一句或第二句,但也有可能在段尾或段中。
(2)概括全文寻找文章的中心思想。
寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的,各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。
·
高考典题
(2008·山东)
FederalregulatorsWednesdayapprovedaplantocreateanationwideemergencyalert(警报)systemusingtextmessagesdeliveredtocellphones.
Textmessageshaveexplodedinpopularityinrecentyears,particularlyamongyoungpeople.Thewirelessindustry’stradeassociation,CTIA,estimates(估计)morethan48billiontextmessagesaresenteachmonth.
TheplancomesfromtheWarningAlertandResponseNetworkAct,a2006federallawthatrequiresimprovementtothenation’semergencyalertsystem.TheacttaskedtheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)withcomingupwithnewwaystoalertthepublicaboutemergencies.
“TheabilitytodeliveraccurateandtimelywarningsandalertsthroughcellphonesandothermobileservicesisanimportantnextstepinoureffortstohelpensurethattheAmericanpublichastheinformationtheyneedtotakeactiontoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamiliesbefore,andduring,disastersandotheremergencies,”FCCChairmanKevinMartinsaidfollowingapprovaloftheplan.
Participationinthealertsystembycarriers—telecommunicationscompanies—isvoluntary,butithasreceivedsolidsupportfromthewirelessindustry.
Theprogramwouldbeoptionalforcellphoneusers.Theyalsomaynotbechargedforreceivingalerts.
Therewouldbethreedifferenttypesofmessages,accordingtotherules.
Thefirstwouldbeanationalalertfromthepresident,likelyinvolvingaterroristattackornaturaldisaster.Thesecondwouldinvolve“approachingthreats,”whichcouldincludenaturaldisasterslikehurricanesorstormsorevenuniversityshootings.Thethirdwouldbereservedforchildabduction(绑架)emergencies,orso-calledAmberAlerts.
Theservicecouldbeinplaceby2010.
66.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.CellPhoneAlertsProtectingStudents
B.CellPhoneAlertsbyWirelessIndustry
C.CellPhoneAlertsofNaturalDisasters
D.CellPhoneAlertsComingSoon
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻类文章。
美国联邦政府打算利用手机短信免费为公众进行信息警报,这非常是快捷、有效的方式,并即将成为可能。
方法提炼:
通读全文,便可知本题答案。
2.细节理解题
标志性句子:
Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue(false)?
Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?
Whichofthefollowingshowstherightorderof…?
Whichisthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?
Whatdoestheauthormention?
Whatis(not)mentionedinthepassage?
Whatdoweknowabout…?
Fromthepassage,welearnthat….
Accordingtothepassage,thewriter…
Thewritersays...
做这种类型的题往往需要运用检索阅读法(scanning),即要注意题干中的标识语,带着问题有的放矢地在阅读材料中寻找某一特定信息(如:
日期、数字、专有名词、原因和特点等)的具体位置。
题干中的标识语是快速寻找答题依据的“路标”,最常见的就是用引号标识的关键词或标明了标识语所在的具体行数。
高考典题
(2008·浙江)
Adrian’s“AmazingRace”startedearlywhenhisparentsrealizedthathe,asababy,couldn’thearathing,notevenloudnoises.Inaspecialschoolforthehearing-impaired(听觉受损的),helearnedsignlanguageandgottomixwithotherdisabledchildren.However,thesightofallthedisabledchildrencommunicatingwithoneanotherupsethismother.Shewantedhimtoleadanormallife.Soafterspeakingtoanadvisor,shesenthimtoprivateclasseswherehelearnedtoreadlipsandpronouncewords.
Lateron,Adrian’sparentsdecidedtosendhimtoaregularschool.Buttheheadmastertriedtopreventthemfromdoingso,sayingregularschoolcouldn’ttakecareofaspecialneedsstudents.Hisparentsweredeterminedtotaketheriskandpushhimhardtogothroughhisworkeverydaybecausetheywantedtoprovethat,giventheopportunity,hecoulddoanything.Adrianmadethegradeandgotaccepted.Itwasabigchallenge.Thepace(节奏)wasfastersohehadtositatthefrontoftheclassandreallypayattentiontotheteacher,whichwasn’talwayseasy.Buthestucktoitanddidalotofextraworkafterschool.
TheeffortsmadebyAdrianandhisparentspaidoff.Adriangraduatedwithgoodgradesandgotintoatophighschool.Healsoachievedalotinlifeoutsideschool.HedevelopedalovefortheoutdoorsandwenttoNepaltoclimbmountains.HeevenenteredtheWorldYachtRace05/06---beingthefirsthearing-impairedAsiantodoso.
Butnoneoftheseachievementswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutoneofthemostimportantlessonsfromhismother.”“Ifyoubelieveinyourselfandworkhard,youcanachievegreatresults.”Sheoftensaid.
41.HowdidAdriancommunicatewithotherchildreninthespecialschool?
A.Byspeaking.B.Byusingsignlanguage
C.ByreadinglipsD.Bymakingloudnoises
【文章大意】:
这是一篇关于一位听障青年(ahearing-impairedyoungman)自强不息的励志故事,其中包括了母亲的呕心沥血,永不言弃的决心。
本文呼吁家庭和社会应对残疾人有关爱之心,同时也在无形当中起到了鼓励青少年永不言败,自强不息。
方法提炼:
做此类细节理解题时,关键是由题目而找对文中的关键信息。
3.推理判断题
标志性句子:
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat...
Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby…?
Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?
Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?
Thepassagefollowingthisonewouldmostprobablydiscuss...
Fromthelastparagraph,weinferthat…
Bythefirstsentenceofthepassage,theauthormeansthat...
What’stheattitudeoftheauthortowards…?
Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?
在解答推理性问题时,应清楚所要解答的问题是需要针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。
针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法,迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后再进行推理判断。
针对主题思想做推断时,先根据主题思想,再分析句子之间的逻辑关系,区分观点与例证(opinionandfact)、原因与结果(causeandeffect)、主要观点与次要观点(mainideaandsupportingidea)。
高考典题
(2008·福建)
Foryearswehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’sself-respectisimportanttohisorhersuccessinlife.Butchildexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraisecanleadtotheoppositeeffect.Praise-sholickidswhoexpectitateveryturnmaybecometeenswhoseektosamekindofapprovalfromfriendswhenaskediftheywanttogointhebackseatofthecar.
Theimplication(含义)ofsaying“Youaretheprettiestgirlinclass,”ortalkingaboutthe
goalsshesucceedbutnotheroveralleffort,isthatyouloveheronlywhenshelooksthebest,scoresshehighest,achievesthemost.Andthiscarriesovertotheclassroom.
SocialpsychologistCarrolDweck,PhD,testedtheeffect