新概念三册全程班阅读专项学生用书.docx

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新概念三册全程班阅读专项学生用书.docx

新概念三册全程班阅读专项学生用书

2011年高考英语专题复习——阅读理解

考情动态分析

多年来阅读理解一直是高考英语测试的重头戏。

全卷l50分,阅读理解占40分,更何况其他题型如完形填空、短文改错甚至单项选择等都是对阅读理解能力的间接考查。

可以毫不夸张地说,做好阅读理解题,是获得高考英语高分的关键!

1.高考对阅读理解的要求

(1)《考试大纲》对阅读理解的要求:

要求考生能读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料,例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章。

考生应能:

①理解主旨大意;

②寻找具体信息;

③识别不同文体特征;

④根据上下文提供的语境推测生词词义;

⑤作出简单的判断和推理;

⑥理解文章的基本逻辑结构;

⑦把握作者的意图和态度;

⑧理解文章的文化信息。

(2)《新课程标准》对阅读理解的目标要求:

《新课程标准》在语言技能部分中对“读”的八级目标是这样要求的:

①能识别不同文体的特征;

②能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长旬;

③能理解阅读材料中不同的观点和态度;

④能根据学习任务的需要从多种媒体中获取信息并进行加工处理;

⑤能在教师的帮助下欣赏浅显的英语文学作品;

⑥除教材外,课外阅读量应累计达到30万词以上。

2.近几年高考阅读理解的题型设置、命题特点及预测

(1)题型设置

阅读理解是历年高考英语的必考题型,在整个试卷中占的分值最大。

一般是4~5篇短文,共20小题,每小题2分,满分40分。

阅读理解的主要考查题型有:

①细节理解

②词义理解

③推理判断

④主旨大意

⑤图形识别

(2)命题特点

①阅读材料的选择贴近生活,广泛多样

②所选短文多是外国人写的反映外国事物的内容,文章结构严谨,逻辑性强,英语语言地道、标准,话题适合当代中学生。

③问题的设置科学合理,检测重点放在考查考生获取信息、解决问题的语言运用能力上。

(3)高考预测

通过对近几年高考试题的分析,可知今后阅读理解题的命题趋向:

①更加重视词汇量的扩大,注意新增词汇;

②更加重视语篇分析、推测能力,而减少对事实、细节的考查;

③更加重视阅读量和阅读速度;

④采用原版英文材料,内容新颖,语言更加地道

⑤取材更加广泛,题材和体裁更加灵活多样。

真题回放

例2008(I)

Itisoftennecessarytoreleaseafish,thatis,setitfreeaftercatching,becauseitistoosmall,oryoujustdon’twanttotakeithometoeat.Insomecases,releasingfishisagoodmeasurethatwillhelpkeepfishvarietyandbuildtheirpopulationsize.TheDepartmentofGameandInlandFisheries(DGIF)encouragesfishermenwhopracticecatch-and-releasefishingtouseafewsimpleskillswhendoingso.Theadviceprovidedbelowwillhelpmakesurethatthefishyoureleasewillsurvive(存活)tobiteagainanotherday.

—Whencatchingafish,playitquicklyandkeepthefishinthewaterasmuchaspossible.

Don’t’useanetinlandingthefishandreleaseitquicklytopreventitfromdying.

—Holdthefishgently.Donotputyourfingersinitseyes.Don’twipethescales(鱼鳞)offthefishbecauseitmightcauseittodevelopadiseaseandreduceitschanceofsurvival.

—Removeyourhook(鱼钩)quickly.Ifthehookistoodeeporhookedinthestomach,cutthelineandleavethehookin.Thehookleftinsidewillcausenoseriousproblemtothefish.

—Takegoodcareofthefishbymovingitgentlyinwater.Releasethefishwhenitbeginstostruggleandisabletoswim.

—Donotholdfishinabucketorsomeothercontainersandlaterdecidetoreleaseit.Ifyouaregoingtoreleaseafish,dosorightaway.

Withalittlecareandbyfollowingthesuggestionsgivenabove,youcangivethereleasedfishabetterchanceofsurvival.

64.Peoplesometimessetafishfreeaftercatchingitbecausethey_________

A.don’twantittodieB.hopeitwillgrowquickly

C.don’twanttohaveitasfoodD.wanttopracticetheirfishingskills

65.Whichofthefollowingwillprobablymakeafishill?

A.Takingthehookoffit.B.Removingitsscales.

C.TouchingitsevesD.Holdingitinyourhand.

66.Aproperwaytoreleaseafishisto_________.

A.moveitinwatertillitcanswimB.takethehookoutofitsstomach

C.keepitinabucketforsometimeD.letitstrugglealittleinyourhand

67.Whatisthepurposeofthetest?

A.Toshowhowtoenjoyfishing.B.Topersuadepeopletofishlessoften.

C.Toencouragepeopletosetfishfree.D.Togiveadviceonhowtoreleasefish.

解题方法

1.通读全文。

掌握大意

2.问题先行,阅读随后

3.仔细审题,重点再读

4.全面理解,归纳推理

5.分析验证,确定答案

主要考查的题型有:

1.主旨大意题

标志性句子常见的有:

Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainidea?

Whichofthefollowingbestsummariesthepassage

Thepassageismainlyabout...

Themainidea/Thegeneralidea/Themainpurposeis…

Thecentralideaoftheparagraphisthat…

Thebesttitle/headlineforthispassageis…

Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

Thepassagedealsmainlywith/ismainlyabout/isprimarilyconcernedwith...

对于这类考题,考生应做到:

(1)寻找主题句(topic:

sentence)从而抓住全段的中心思想。

一般说来,每一个段落有一个中心思想,尤其是议论文和说明文更为典型。

代表本段中心思想的句子叫做主题句,其常见位置是段首第一句或第二句,但也有可能在段尾或段中。

(2)概括全文寻找文章的中心思想。

寻找整篇文章的中心思想是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的,各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。

·

高考典题

(2008·山东)

FederalregulatorsWednesdayapprovedaplantocreateanationwideemergencyalert(警报)systemusingtextmessagesdeliveredtocellphones.

Textmessageshaveexplodedinpopularityinrecentyears,particularlyamongyoungpeople.Thewirelessindustry’stradeassociation,CTIA,estimates(估计)morethan48billiontextmessagesaresenteachmonth.

TheplancomesfromtheWarningAlertandResponseNetworkAct,a2006federallawthatrequiresimprovementtothenation’semergencyalertsystem.TheacttaskedtheFederalCommunicationsCommission(FCC)withcomingupwithnewwaystoalertthepublicaboutemergencies.

“TheabilitytodeliveraccurateandtimelywarningsandalertsthroughcellphonesandothermobileservicesisanimportantnextstepinoureffortstohelpensurethattheAmericanpublichastheinformationtheyneedtotakeactiontoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamiliesbefore,andduring,disastersandotheremergencies,”FCCChairmanKevinMartinsaidfollowingapprovaloftheplan.

Participationinthealertsystembycarriers—telecommunicationscompanies—isvoluntary,butithasreceivedsolidsupportfromthewirelessindustry.

Theprogramwouldbeoptionalforcellphoneusers.Theyalsomaynotbechargedforreceivingalerts.

Therewouldbethreedifferenttypesofmessages,accordingtotherules.

Thefirstwouldbeanationalalertfromthepresident,likelyinvolvingaterroristattackornaturaldisaster.Thesecondwouldinvolve“approachingthreats,”whichcouldincludenaturaldisasterslikehurricanesorstormsorevenuniversityshootings.Thethirdwouldbereservedforchildabduction(绑架)emergencies,orso-calledAmberAlerts.

Theservicecouldbeinplaceby2010.

66.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.CellPhoneAlertsProtectingStudents

B.CellPhoneAlertsbyWirelessIndustry

C.CellPhoneAlertsofNaturalDisasters

D.CellPhoneAlertsComingSoon

【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻类文章。

美国联邦政府打算利用手机短信免费为公众进行信息警报,这非常是快捷、有效的方式,并即将成为可能。

方法提炼:

通读全文,便可知本题答案。

2.细节理解题

标志性句子:

Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue(false)?

Whichofthefollowingis(not)mentioned?

Whichofthefollowingshowstherightorderof…?

Whichisthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?

Whatdoestheauthormention?

Whatis(not)mentionedinthepassage?

Whatdoweknowabout…?

Fromthepassage,welearnthat….

Accordingtothepassage,thewriter…

Thewritersays...

做这种类型的题往往需要运用检索阅读法(scanning),即要注意题干中的标识语,带着问题有的放矢地在阅读材料中寻找某一特定信息(如:

日期、数字、专有名词、原因和特点等)的具体位置。

题干中的标识语是快速寻找答题依据的“路标”,最常见的就是用引号标识的关键词或标明了标识语所在的具体行数。

高考典题

(2008·浙江)

Adrian’s“AmazingRace”startedearlywhenhisparentsrealizedthathe,asababy,couldn’thearathing,notevenloudnoises.Inaspecialschoolforthehearing-impaired(听觉受损的),helearnedsignlanguageandgottomixwithotherdisabledchildren.However,thesightofallthedisabledchildrencommunicatingwithoneanotherupsethismother.Shewantedhimtoleadanormallife.Soafterspeakingtoanadvisor,shesenthimtoprivateclasseswherehelearnedtoreadlipsandpronouncewords.

Lateron,Adrian’sparentsdecidedtosendhimtoaregularschool.Buttheheadmastertriedtopreventthemfromdoingso,sayingregularschoolcouldn’ttakecareofaspecialneedsstudents.Hisparentsweredeterminedtotaketheriskandpushhimhardtogothroughhisworkeverydaybecausetheywantedtoprovethat,giventheopportunity,hecoulddoanything.Adrianmadethegradeandgotaccepted.Itwasabigchallenge.Thepace(节奏)wasfastersohehadtositatthefrontoftheclassandreallypayattentiontotheteacher,whichwasn’talwayseasy.Buthestucktoitanddidalotofextraworkafterschool.

TheeffortsmadebyAdrianandhisparentspaidoff.Adriangraduatedwithgoodgradesandgotintoatophighschool.Healsoachievedalotinlifeoutsideschool.HedevelopedalovefortheoutdoorsandwenttoNepaltoclimbmountains.HeevenenteredtheWorldYachtRace05/06---beingthefirsthearing-impairedAsiantodoso.

Butnoneoftheseachievementswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutoneofthemostimportantlessonsfromhismother.”“Ifyoubelieveinyourselfandworkhard,youcanachievegreatresults.”Sheoftensaid.

41.HowdidAdriancommunicatewithotherchildreninthespecialschool?

A.Byspeaking.B.Byusingsignlanguage

C.ByreadinglipsD.Bymakingloudnoises

【文章大意】:

这是一篇关于一位听障青年(ahearing-impairedyoungman)自强不息的励志故事,其中包括了母亲的呕心沥血,永不言弃的决心。

本文呼吁家庭和社会应对残疾人有关爱之心,同时也在无形当中起到了鼓励青少年永不言败,自强不息。

方法提炼:

做此类细节理解题时,关键是由题目而找对文中的关键信息。

3.推理判断题

标志性句子:

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat...

Whatdoestheauthorprobablymeanby…?

Whatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthepassage?

Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?

Thepassagefollowingthisonewouldmostprobablydiscuss...

Fromthelastparagraph,weinferthat…

Bythefirstsentenceofthepassage,theauthormeansthat...

What’stheattitudeoftheauthortowards…?

Whatdoestheauthorsuggestinthelastparagraph?

在解答推理性问题时,应清楚所要解答的问题是需要针对某个细节进行推断,还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。

针对细节的推断可运用scanning方法,迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围,然后再进行推理判断。

针对主题思想做推断时,先根据主题思想,再分析句子之间的逻辑关系,区分观点与例证(opinionandfact)、原因与结果(causeandeffect)、主要观点与次要观点(mainideaandsupportingidea)。

高考典题

(2008·福建)

Foryearswehavebeentoldthatencouragingachild’sself-respectisimportanttohisorhersuccessinlife.Butchildexpertsarenowlearningthattoomuchpraisecanleadtotheoppositeeffect.Praise-sholickidswhoexpectitateveryturnmaybecometeenswhoseektosamekindofapprovalfromfriendswhenaskediftheywanttogointhebackseatofthecar.

Theimplication(含义)ofsaying“Youaretheprettiestgirlinclass,”ortalkingaboutthe

goalsshesucceedbutnotheroveralleffort,isthatyouloveheronlywhenshelooksthebest,scoresshehighest,achievesthemost.Andthiscarriesovertotheclassroom.

SocialpsychologistCarrolDweck,PhD,testedtheeffect

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