高中语法之名词性从句精讲.docx

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高中语法之名词性从句精讲.docx

高中语法之名词性从句精讲

高中语法之名词性从句精讲

一、考点聚焦

1、名词性从句中连接词的运用

名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。

(1)that的用法。

①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。

如:

ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.

Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.

SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.

②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:

(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。

如:

Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand

wine

Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.

Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.

③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。

(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。

如:

IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.

ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.

④that和what的区别。

that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。

如:

It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.

⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。

同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。

如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:

news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。

如:

TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)

ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)

(2)whether和if的用法。

①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。

如:

Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.

②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。

如:

Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.

③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。

如:

Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.

Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.

④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。

如:

Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando

itornot.

⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。

如:

Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-

tant.

Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.

⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。

如:

Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.

⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。

如:

Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.

(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。

①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。

如:

Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.

Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.

②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。

如:

Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,

Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.

③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

如:

Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.

Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.

(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。

如:

Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.

Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.

2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致

(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。

如:

Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?

Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.

(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。

如:

Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.

Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.

Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.

3、名词性从句的词序

名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。

如:

Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.

We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.

Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)

A.howB.afterC.whatD.when

解析:

答案为C。

本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。

此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。

2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..

—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?

(NMET99)

A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

解析:

答案为A。

此题考查的是从句的用法。

根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。

”下面一句接着问:

“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?

”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。

3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)

A.itB.thatC.theseD.them

解析:

答案为A。

本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。

题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。

该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。

名词性从句

l._the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingmakesthenationveryexcited.

A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That

2.TheheadmastermadeasuggestionthatthesportsmeetuntilnextSunday.

A.WillbeputoffB.willputoffC.putoffD.beputoff

3.isafactthatEnglishpeopleandAmericanpeoplesharealotofcustoms.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.that

4.DrBlackcomesfromeither0xfordofCambridge,Ican’tremember.

A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that

5.hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.

A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter

6.Irememberthisusedtobeaquietvillage.

A.whenB.howC.whereD.what

7.Canyoutellmetherailwaystation?

A.howIcangettoB.howcanIgetto

C.whereIcangettoD.wherecanIgetto

8.Wealltookforgrantedthathewouldagreewithus.

A.itB.himC.thatD.what

9.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.

A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for

10.leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthe1ights.

A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who

11.theyaremostinterestedinistheycanproducemoreandbettercars.

A.That;howB.What;howC.What;thatD.That;that

12.Thereasonshegavefornotbeingpresentwastheheavysnowpreventedhercoming.

A.why;becauseB.why;whetherC.that;thatD.how;that

l3.Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater.

A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterhowC.WhateverD.However

14.WordcameIwaswantedattheoffice.

A.whichB.whyC.thatD.whether

15.Thetownisnolongeritwastenyearsago.

A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when

16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildbeorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

17.Pleasetellmeyouwouldliketohaveyourcoffee—blackorwhite?

A.whatB.whereC.whenD.how

18.—Doyourememberbecame?

—Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.

A.howB.whenC.thatD.if

l9.wecan’tgetseemsbetterthatwehave.

A.What;whatB.What:

thatC.That;thatD.That:

what

20.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheAirShowlastweek.

—Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?

A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where

21.Youcantakemeasuresyouthinkgoodtodealwiththeproblems.

A.whateverB.howeverC.whicheverD.those

22.—hasmadeourcityDaliansheistaday?

—ItistheParty’spolicythathasmadeittakeonanewlook.

A.What;thatB.That;whatC.there;soD.That;that

23.ItwasattheverybeginningMrWhitemade

thedecisionweshouldsendmorefirefightersthere.

A.that:

thatB.when;whichC.there;whatD.where;what

24.Itwasheworkedoutthemathsproblemthatwewantedtoknow.

A.whatB.howC.thatD.which

25.Therewillbeaspecialpriceforbuysthingsinlargenumbershere.

A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever

26.—Irangyouaboutten,buttherewasnoreply.

—0h,thatwasprobablyIwasseeingthedoctor.

A.whenB.whyC.whatD.that

27.Mariahastobaby-sit.That’sshecan’tcomeoutwithus.

A.howB.whyC.whenD.what

28.surprisedmemostwastheyhadfinishedtheworksoquickly.

A.What:

whatB.That;thatC.What:

thatD.That;what

29.Youcan’timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.

A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere

C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited

名词性从句

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