高中语法之名词性从句精讲.docx
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高中语法之名词性从句精讲
高中语法之名词性从句精讲
一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
(1)that的用法。
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:
(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。
如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand
wine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/nowonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)Itseems/happensthat。
如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词即常说的先行词+that。
如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.Dowhathesays.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。
如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:
news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。
如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。
如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。
如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。
如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。
如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不能。
如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimpor-
tant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。
如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。
如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。
如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。
如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。
如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。
如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。
如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。
如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。
如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1.Acomputercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)
A.howB.afterC.whatD.when
解析:
答案为C。
本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。
此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句中充当一成分,故what最合适。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff?
(NMET99)
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
解析:
答案为A。
此题考查的是从句的用法。
根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。
”下面一句接着问:
“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗?
”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
3.Ihate__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
A.itB.thatC.theseD.them
解析:
答案为A。
本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。
题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。
该空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
名词性从句
l._the2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingmakesthenationveryexcited.
A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That
2.TheheadmastermadeasuggestionthatthesportsmeetuntilnextSunday.
A.WillbeputoffB.willputoffC.putoffD.beputoff
3.isafactthatEnglishpeopleandAmericanpeoplesharealotofcustoms.
A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.that
4.DrBlackcomesfromeither0xfordofCambridge,Ican’tremember.
A.whereB.thereC.whichD.that
5.hesaidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.
A.WhatB.ThatC.ThefactD.Thematter
6.Irememberthisusedtobeaquietvillage.
A.whenB.howC.whereD.what
7.Canyoutellmetherailwaystation?
A.howIcangettoB.howcanIgetto
C.whereIcangettoD.wherecanIgetto
8.Wealltookforgrantedthathewouldagreewithus.
A.itB.himC.thatD.what
9.Itworriedherabitherhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
10.leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthe1ights.
A.AnyoneB.ThepersonC.WhoeverD.Who
11.theyaremostinterestedinistheycanproducemoreandbettercars.
A.That;howB.What;howC.What;thatD.That;that
12.Thereasonshegavefornotbeingpresentwastheheavysnowpreventedhercoming.
A.why;becauseB.why;whetherC.that;thatD.how;that
l3.Ihavewillbeyourssoonerorlater.
A.NomatterwhatB.NomatterhowC.WhateverD.However
14.WordcameIwaswantedattheoffice.
A.whichB.whyC.thatD.whether
15.Thetownisnolongeritwastenyearsago.
A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when
16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachildbeorshewants.
A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever
17.Pleasetellmeyouwouldliketohaveyourcoffee—blackorwhite?
A.whatB.whereC.whenD.how
18.—Doyourememberbecame?
—Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.
A.howB.whenC.thatD.if
l9.wecan’tgetseemsbetterthatwehave.
A.What;whatB.What:
thatC.That;thatD.That:
what
20.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheAirShowlastweek.
—Isthatyouhadafewdaysoff?
A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where
21.Youcantakemeasuresyouthinkgoodtodealwiththeproblems.
A.whateverB.howeverC.whicheverD.those
22.—hasmadeourcityDaliansheistaday?
—ItistheParty’spolicythathasmadeittakeonanewlook.
A.What;thatB.That;whatC.there;soD.That;that
23.ItwasattheverybeginningMrWhitemade
thedecisionweshouldsendmorefirefightersthere.
A.that:
thatB.when;whichC.there;whatD.where;what
24.Itwasheworkedoutthemathsproblemthatwewantedtoknow.
A.whatB.howC.thatD.which
25.Therewillbeaspecialpriceforbuysthingsinlargenumbershere.
A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever
26.—Irangyouaboutten,buttherewasnoreply.
—0h,thatwasprobablyIwasseeingthedoctor.
A.whenB.whyC.whatD.that
27.Mariahastobaby-sit.That’sshecan’tcomeoutwithus.
A.howB.whyC.whenD.what
28.surprisedmemostwastheyhadfinishedtheworksoquickly.
A.What:
whatB.That;thatC.What:
thatD.That;what
29.Youcan’timaginewhentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
名词性从句
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