《经济学概论》复习题.docx

《经济学概论》复习题.docx

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《经济学概论》复习题

《经济学概论》复习题

一、选择题

1Completemarketfailurealwaysexistswhen（）

Atherearenegativeexternalitiesinproduction.

Bthefreemarketfailstoprovidesufficientmeritgoods.

Cthefreemarketunder-pricesdemeritgoods.

Dthereisamissingmarketintheprovisionofpublicgoods.

2Whichoneofthefollowingsituationswouldleadtoanincreaseinequilibriumprice?

（）

ADemandisperfectlyinelasticandlaborcostsrise

BDemandisperfectlyelasticandlaborcostsrise

CSupplyisperfectlyelasticandthepriceofasubstitutegoodfalls

DDemandisperfectlyinelasticandlaborcostsfall

3.Thediagramaboveshowsthedemandandsupplycurvesforanormalgood.TheequilibriumpricecouldrisefromP1toP2if

（a）consumers’incomesincreased

（b）P2weresetasalegalmaximum

（c）subsidiesontheproductincreased

（d）thepriceofacomplementaryproductincreased

（e）costsofproductionweresubstantiallylowered

Answer:

A

4.Aperfectlycompetitiveproducerofsteelrodsandsteelbeamsemploys100workerswithidenticalskills.Ifsteelrodsandsteelbeamssellforthesameprice,whichofthefollowingrulesshouldtheproduceralwaysfollowtousethe100workersefficiently?

I.Allocateworkerssothattheaveragecostofproducingbeamsequalstheaveragecostofproducingrods.

II.Allocateworkerssothatthemarginalproductoflaboristhesameinbothrodproductionandbeamproduction.

III.Allocatehalftheworkerstorodproductionandhalftheworkerstobeamproduction.

（a）Ionly

（b）IIonly

（c）IIIonly

（d）IIandIIIonly

（e）I,II,andIII

5.Assumeaconsumerfindsthathistotalexpenditureoncompactdiscsstaysthesameafterthepriceofcompactdiscsdeclines.Whichofthefollowingistrueforthispricechange?

（a）Compactdiscsareinferiorgoodstothisconsumer.

（b）Theconsumer’sdemandforcompactdiscsincreasedinresponsetothepricechange.

（c）Theconsumer’sdemandforcompactdiscsisperfectlypriceelastic.

（d）Theconsumer’sdemandforcompactdiscsisperfectlypriceinelastic.

（e）Theconsumer’sdemandforcompactdiscsisunitpriceelastic.

Answer:

E

6.Asitsoutputincreases,afirm’sshort-runmarginalcostwilleventuallyincreasebecauseof

（a）diseconomiesofscale

（b）alowerproductprice

（c）inefficientproduction

（d）thefirm’sneedtobreakeven

（e）diminishingreturns

Answer:

E

7.Forafirmhiringlaborinaperfectlycompetitivelabormarket,themarginalrevenueproductcurveslopesdownwardaftersomepointbecauseasmoreofafactorisemployed,whichofthefollowingdeclines?

（a）Marginalproduct

（b）Marginalfactorcost

（c）Marginalcost

（d）Totaloutput

（e）Wagerates

Answer:

A

8.Whichofthefollowingisalwaystrueoftherelationshipbetweenaverageandmarginalcosts?

（a）Averagetotalcostsareincreasingwhenmarginalcostsareincreasing.

（b）Marginalcostsareincreasingwhenaveragevariablecostsarehigherthanmarginalcosts.

（c）Averagevariablecostsareincreasingwhenmarginalcostsareincreasing.

（d）Averagevariablecostsareincreasingwhenmarginalcostsarehigherthanaveragevariablecosts.

（e）Averagetotalcostsareconstantwhenmarginalcostsareconstant.

Answer:

D

Questions9–10refertothefollowingdiagramandassumeaperfectlycompetitivemarketstructure.

9.Attheprice0A,economicprofitsare

（a）ABJG（b）ABKH（c）ABLI（d）ACMG（e）C0FM

Answer:

B

10.Intheshortrun,thefirmwillstopproductionwhenthepricefallsbelow

（a）0A（b）0B（c）0C（d）0D（e）0E

Answer:

D

FishWheat

CountryA10labor-hours20labor-hours

CountryB20labor-hours60labor-hours

11.Thetableaboveindicateslabor-hoursneededtoproduceasingleunitofeachoftwocommoditiesineachoftwocountries.Iflaboristheonlyfactorusedtoproducethecommodities,whichofthefollowingstatementsmustbecorrect?

I.CountryAhasanabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofbothcommodities,butacomparativeadvantageintheproductionofwheat.

II.CountryBhasanabsoluteadvantageintheproductionofbothcommodities,butacomparativeadvantageintheproductionoffish.

III.Mutuallyadvantageoustradecanoccurbetweenthetwocountrieswhen2.5unitsoffishareexchangedfor1unitofwheat.

（a）Ionly

（b）IIonly

（c）IIIonly

（d）IandIIIonly

（e）IIandIIIonly

Answer:

D

12.Supposethattheconsumerpriceindexrisesfrom100to200.Fromthisinformationwemayconcludethat

（a）eachperson’srealincomeiscutinhalf

（b）consumerincomesaredoubled

（c）thepricesinanaverageconsumer’smarketbasketaredoubled

（d）allconsumergoodspricesaredoubled

（e）allpricesintheeconomyaredoubled

Answer:

c

13.Inthegraphabove,ADdenotestheaggregatedemandcurve,SRAStheshort-runaggregatesupplycurve,andLRASthelong-runaggregatesupplycurve.Ifnopolicyactionweretaken,whichofthefollowingchangeswouldmovetheeconomytoitslong-runequilibrium?

（a）Anincreaseinaggregatedemand

（b）Anincreaseinexports

（c）Anincreaseinwages

（d）Adecreaseinwages

（e）Adecreaseintheexpectedpricelevel

Answer:

C

14.Supposethatanationalgovernmentincreaseddeficitspendingongoodsandservices,increasingitsdemandforloanablefunds.Inthelongrun,thispolicywouldmostlikelyresultinwhichofthefollowingchangesinthiscountry?

Real

InterestRateInvestment

（a）DecreaseDecrease

（b）DecreaseIncrease

（c）IncreaseDecrease

（d）IncreaseNochange

（e）NochangeIncrease

15.Inaneconomywithlump-sumtaxesandnointernationaltrade,ifthemarginalpropensitytoconsumeis0.8,whichofthefollowingistrue?

（a）Whenconsumptionincreasesby$5,investmentincreasesbyamaximumof$1.

（b）Whenconsumptionincreasesby$5,savingsincreasebyamaximumof$1.

（c）Wheninvestmentincreasesby$1,incomeincreasesbyamaximumof$5.

（d）Wheninvestmentincreasesby$1,consumptionincreasesbyamaximumof$5.

（e）Whenincomeincreasesby$1,investmentincreasesbyamaximumof$5.

Answer:

c

16.Ifthegovernmentincreasesexpendituresongoodsandservicesandincreasestaxationbythesameamount,whichofthefollowingwilloccur?

（a）Aggregatedemandwillbeunchanged.

（b）Aggregatedemandwillincrease.

（c）Interestrateswilldecrease.

（d）Themoneysupplywilldecrease.

（e）Themoneysupplywillincrease.

Answer:

B

17.Onashort-runPhillipscurve,highratesofinflationcoincidewith

（a）highinterestrates

（b）lowinterestrates

（c）highunemploymentrates

（d）lowunemploymentrates

（e）lowdiscountrates

Answer:

D

18.Ifthereserverequirementis25percentandbanksholdnoexcessreserves,anopenmarketsaleof$400,000ofgovernmentsecuritiesbytheFederalReservewill

（a）increasethemoneysupplybyupto$1.6million

（b）decreasethemoneysupplybyupto$1.6million

（c）increasethemoneysupplybyupto$300,000

（d）increasethemoneysupplybyupto$100,000

（e）decreasethemoneysupplybyupto$100,000

Answer:

B

19.Astimulativefiscalpolicycombinedwitharestrictivemonetarypolicywillnecessarilycause

（a）grossdomesticproducttoincrease

（b）grossdomesticproducttodecrease

（c）interestratestofall

（d）interestratestorise

（e）thefederalbudgetdeficittodecrease

Answer:

D

20.Ifnominalgrossdomesticproductfellwhilerealgrossdomesticproductrose,whichofthefollowingmustbetrue?

（a）Unemploymentincreased.

（b）Theinflationratewasnegative.

（c）Netexportswerenegative.

（d）Theaverageofstockpricesrosewhilebondpricesfell.

（e）Nominalinterestratesrosebylessthantherateofinflation.

Answer:

B

二、名词解释（每小题3分,共18分）【得分：

】

1.Economics:

Economicsisthestudyoftheproductionandconsumptionofgoodsandthetransferofwealthtoproduceandobtainthosegoods.Economicsexplainshowpeopleinteractwithinmarketstogetwhattheywantoraccomplishcertaingoals.Sinceeconomicsisadrivingforceofhumaninteraction,studyingitoftenrevealswhypeopleandgovernmentsbehaveinparticularways.Therearetwomaintypesofeconomics:

macroeconomicsandmicroeconomics.

2.OpportunityCost:

Opportunitycostofachoiceisthevalueofthebestalternativeforgone,inasituationinwhichachoiceneedstobemadebetweenseveralmutuallyexclusivealternativesgivenlimitedresources.Assumingthebestchoiceismade,itisthe"cost"incurredbynotenjoyingthebenefitthatwouldbehadbytakingthesecondbestchoiceavailable.

3.FactorsofProduction

Factorsofproductionaretheinputstotheproductionprocess.Finishedgoodsaretheoutput.Inputdeterminesthequantityofoutputi.e.outputdependsuponinput.Inputisthestartingpointandoutputistheendpointofproductionprocessandsuchinput-outputrelationshipiscalledaproductionfunction.Therearefourbasicfactorsofproduction:

land,labor,capitalandentrepreneurship.

4.SupplyandDemand:

Supplyanddemandisaneconomicmodelofpricedeterminationinamarket.Itconcludesthatinacompetitivemarket,theunitpriceforaparticulargoodwillvaryuntilitsettlesatapointwherethequantitydemandedbyconsumers（atcurrentprice）willequalthequantitysuppliedbyproducers（atcurrentprice）,resultinginaneconomicequilibriumforpriceandquantity.

Thefourbasiclawsofsupplyanddemandare:

1）.Ifdemandincreasesandsupplyremainsunchanged,ashortageoccurs,leadingtoahigherequilibriumprice.

2）.Ifdemanddecreasesandsupplyremainsunchanged,asurplusoccurs,leadingtoalowerequilibriumprice.

3）.Ifdemandremainsunchangedandsupplyincreases,asurplusoccurs,leadingtoalowerequilibriumprice.

4）.Ifdemandremainsunchangedandsupplydecreases,ashortageoccurs,leadingtoahigherequilib