高考核心单词短语专项练习A.docx

高考核心单词短语专项练习A.docx

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高考核心单词短语专项练习A

高考英语|高考核心单词、短语专项练习（A）

A

◆absorb v.①totakeinliquid,gas,heat,etc. 吸收（液体、气体、热等）；②totakesomethingintothemindandlearnorunderstandit理解，掌握；③tointerestsomeoneverymuchsothattheypaynoattentiontoanythingelse吸引全部注意力，使全神贯注；④tomakesomethingsmallerbecomepartofsomethinglarger使并入，吞并

【常用搭配】beabsorbedinto 并入

【拓展】

absorbed adj. 被……吸引住的，全神贯注的

absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的，引人入胜的

【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。

1.Idon’twanttogettoo absorbed inmodeling.（2017全国卷III） ________________

2.Whencondors（秃鹫）eatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,they absorb largequantitiesoflead.（北京2016） ________________

3.WhilewatchingTV,childrendonotmerely absorb wordsandimages（影像）. （广东2015）

 ________________

Key:

 1. 被……吸引住的    2. 吸收  3. 理解

◆adjust v. ①tograduallybecomefamiliarwithanewsituation适应，习惯；②tochangeormovesomethingslightlytoimproveitormakeitmoresuitableforaparticularpurpose调整，调节；③toarrangeyourclothingtomakeyourselflooktidy整理

【常用搭配】

adjustto（doing）sth. 习惯（做）某事

adjustoneselftosth. 使某人自己适应某事

adjust...to... 根据……调节……

【拓展】

adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的

adjustment n. 适应；调节

【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。

1.Duringthosesixmonthsofhospitalizations,Becky,12atthetime, adjustedto otheradultsbeinginthehousewhenshereturnedfromschool.（浙江2015） ________________

2.Someschoolswillhavetomake adjustments inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.

（江苏2015） ________________

3.Obviously,studentsareterribleat adjusting theirsleepcyclestotheirdailyschedule. （四川2014） ________________

Key:

 1. 习惯       2. 调整         3. 根据……调节……

◆admit v. ①toagreethatsomethingistrue,especiallyunwillingly承认；②toallowsomeone/somethingtoenteraplace 准许……进入；③toallowsomeonetobecomeamemberofaclub,anorganization,oraschool 准许加入（俱乐部、组织），接收入学；④toallowsomeonetoenterahospitalbecausetheyneedmedicalcare接收入院，收治

【常用搭配】

admit（to）doingsth. 承认做过某事

admit...to/into... 准许……加入……

admit（that）... 承认

【拓展】

admitof 容许，有……可能

admission n. 允许进入；入场费；承认

admittedly adv. （尤用于句首）诚然，无可否认

【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。

1.SheaskedmewhetherIhadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andI admitted thatIhadn’t.（天津2017） ________________

2.Englishisadynamiclanguagethat admits newwordsandrecognizeschangesinmeaning,spelling,andusageoffamiliarwords.

（湖南2015） ________________

3. Admittedly,thosemightyforcesarespiritualones. （天津2015） ________________

4.Nowthere’stalkabouthowtosolvetheseproblems,likeraisinghoteltaxes,orevencharging admission tosomepublicsquares.（陕西2014） ________________

5.Last admission isat5:

00pm,onehourbeforeclosing. （北京2014） ________________

6.Itwassopopularthatitsurvivedlongafterwomenwere admitted asfullstudentstoStAndrewsin1892. （湖北2012） ________________

Key:

 1. 承认       2. 准许……进入         3. 无可否认

4. 入场费           5. 允许进入            6. 接收入学

◆affordv.①tohaveenoughmoneyortimetobeabletobuyortodosth.买得起，（有时间）能做；②ifyoucannotaffordtodosomething,youmustnotdoitbecauseitcouldcauseseriousproblemsforyou承担得起（后果）；③toprovidesomeonewithsomething提供，给予

【常用搭配】

affordtodosth. 有（时间、经济等）条件做某事

affordsb.sth. 给予某人某物

【拓展】affordable adj. 负担得起的

【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。

1.Itwasalsomuchmorethanwecould afford,butfarlessthantheoriginalaskingprice.（天津2015） ________________

2.TVEarshashelpedthousandsofpeoplewithvariousdegreesofhearinglosshearthetelevisionclearlywithoutturningupthevolume（音量）andnowit’sbetterandmore affordablethanever!

  （北京2015） ________________

3.Thedivingspots afforded suchawidearrayoffishandseacreaturesthatLarrysawmorethanthirtyvarietiesofcreatures. （江西2014） ________________

Key:

 1. 买得起    2. 负担得起的     3. 提供

◆allow v. ①toletsomeonedosomething,orletsomethinghappen 允许，准许；②toletsomeonehavesomething 给予；③toletsomeone/somethinggointo,through,outof,etc.aplace允许（进入、通过、走出）；④tomakeitpossibleforsomethingtohappenorforsomeonetodosomething,especiallysomethinghelpfuloruseful 使可能

【常用搭配】

allowsb.todosth. 允许某人做某事

【拓展】

allowfor 考虑到，估计到，把……计算在内

allowof 容许，使有可能

【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。

1.Butduringthepastdecadedecliningrainfallhas allowed himtoplanthighlyprofitablecrops. （江苏2017） ________________

2.Manyairlinesnow allow passengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonlinetosavetheirvaluabletime.（北京2017） ________________

3.Itemsthatarenot allowed instudentroomsinclude:

candles,ceilingfans,fireworks,waterbeds,sunlampsandwirelessrouters.（天津2015） ________________

Key:

 1. 使可能     2. 允许     3. 允许

◆appear v. ①togivetheimpressionofbeingordoingsomething 看来，似乎；②tostarttobeseen 出现，显现；③tobegintoexist 起源，出现；④tobepublishedorbroadcast 刊登，广播；⑤totakepartinafilm,play,televisionprogramme,etc. 演出

【常用搭配】

appeartobesth. 似乎是……

Itappears（that）... 看来……

【拓展】

disappear v. 消失，不见

appearance n. 外貌，外观；出现，起源；演出；（尤指突然的）到来；出版，广播

【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。

1.Andthe appearance ofnew-borngiantssuggeststhatnewcomerscanmakewaves,too.（江苏2017） ________________

2....theseinstincts（本能） appear ataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotraintheirchildrentobehavesocially. （江苏2016） ________________

3....shemustbeoneofthoseone-hitwondersthatspringupfromtimetotime,onlytodisappear againwithoutsigns. （江苏2016） ________________

4.Itsdifficulties appear sogreatthat,howeverhardwework,wefailagainandagain. （天津2016） ________________

5.TheShardhascompletelychangedthe appearance ofLondon. （湖北2014）________________

Key:

 1. 出现       2. 显现         3. 消失         4. 看来         5. 外观

◆apply v.①tomakeaformalrequest,usuallywritten,forsomething申请；②tousesomethinginaparticularsituation,activity,orprocess应用，运用；③toaffectorconcernaparticularperson,group,orsituation适用，有效；④toputorspreadsomethingsuchaspaint,liquid,ormedicineontoasurface敷，涂，贴

【常用搭配】

apply（to...）for...（向……）申请……

applyto 适用于

apply...to... 把……应用到/涂抹到……上

applyoneselfto 专心从事，埋头于

【拓展】

applicant n. 申请人

application n. 申请；应用

【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。

1.ATorontomanisofferingafreeround-the-worldairtickettotherightwoman.Butrestrictions apply.YoumustbenamedElizabethGallagherandhaveaCanadianpassport.（2017全国卷III） ________________

2.Taylorwill apply tocollegesoon.Shewantstobeanurse. （北京2017）________________

3.LaterIdecidedto apply mypreviousexperiencetolearninghowtoreadandwrite. （天津2016） ________________

4.Ayearago,whenIwasawaitingtoheartheresultsofmycollege applications,Ioftenwenttowebsitesforsometypeofinsiderlookonwhatcollegewouldbelike. （浙江2016）________________

5.Thegap-yearphenomenonoriginated（起源）withthemonthsleftovertoOxbridgeapplicants betweenentranceexamsinNovemberandthestartofthenextacademicyear.（2015全国卷II） ________________

6.Thesehealthbenefits applyto theworkplaceaswell. （浙江2014） ________________

Key:

 1. 适用  2. 申请 3. 应用，运用

4. 申请  5. 申请人  6. 适用于

◆attack n. ①anactofusingviolencetotrytohurtapersonordamageaplace攻击；②strong  criticismofsomeoneorsomethinginspeechorinwriting抨击；③asudden,shortperiodofillness,usuallysevere,especiallyanillnessthatyouhaveoften（疾病的）发作

v.①touseviolencetotrytohurtapersonordamageaplace攻击；②tocriticizesomeoneorsomethingseverely抨击；③tohaveaharmfuleffectonsomething侵袭，损害；④todealwithsomethingwithalotofenergyanddetermination全力对付

【常用搭配】

be/comeunderattack 受到攻击

attacksb.withsth. 用某物袭击某人

attacksb.for（doing）sth. 因为（做）某事而抨击某人

【拓展】attacker n. 攻击者，袭击者

【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。

1....theanimal...wasbyhissideagain.Thenit attacked thebackofMac’sbike,tearingopenhistentbag. （浙江2017） _______________

2.Whenaleafyplantis underattack,itdoesn’tsitquietly. （2017全国卷II）________________

3.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestothe attackers. （2017全国卷II） _______________

4.Infact,womenarelesslikelytohavehighbloodpressureortodiefromheart attacks. （四川2016） ________________

Key:

 1. 攻击       2. 受到攻击         3. 攻击者            4. 发作

◆average adj. ①calculatedbyaddingagroupofnumberstogetheranddividingthetotalbytheamountofnumbers平均的；②typicalornormal典型的，正常的，普通的；③neitherverygoodnorverybad平常的，一般的

n.①theamountcalculatedbyaddingtogetherseveralquantities,andthendividingthisamountbythetotalnumberofquantities平均数；②theusualleveloramountformostpeopleorthings平均水平，一般水准

v.①tobeequaltoaparticularamountasanaverage平均为；②tocalculatetheaverageoffigures计算出……的平均数

【常用搭配】

on（the/an）average 平均起来，一般说来

above/belowaverage 高于/低于平均水平

average（...）outat 平均数为，计算出……的平均数为

【即学即练】翻译下面各句中的划线部分。

1.Freddywasan average student,butnotanaverageperson. （2017全国卷II） ________________

2.In1900,peoplediedatthe average ageof30.（江苏2017） ________________

3.Thecommoncoldisagoodexample:

 women,onaverage,getfewercoldsthanmen. （四川2016） ________________

4.Menlosean average of3-4cminheightastheyage,whilewomenmaylose5cmormore.（浙江2013） ________________

5.Thecafé now averages 65to70customers（andeightvolunteers）aday. （辽宁2012）________________

Key:

1. 平常的，一般的  2. 平均的 

3. 一般说来，女性比男性得感冒少

4. 平均水平    5. 平均为

add短语

◆addin toincludesomethingwithsomethingelse 加进去

◆addto tomakeafeelingorqualitystrongerandmorenoticeable 增加，加强

◆addup①tocalculatethetotalofseveralnumbers把……加起来；②ifasetoffactsdoesnotaddup,youdonotbelieveitiscorrectbecauseitdoesnotmatchotherinformationyouhavealready 合乎情理；③tograduallyincrease 积少成多

◆addup to ①tobecomeaparticularamount 合计达；②tocombinetoproduceaparticularresu