推荐新课标高考英语语法专题复习.docx
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推荐新课标高考英语语法专题复习
推荐2018-2019年新课标高考英语语法专题复习
(附参考答案)
专题一冠词
I、重点难点解析
冠词是一种虚词,放在名词的前面,帮助说明名词的含义
历年高考试题对冠词的考查涉及到冠词的位置、不定冠词、定冠词、零冠词及固定搭配中的冠词等各个方面。
下面我们以表格的形式对前四个方面进行总结,
1.冠词的位置
考点
示例
1
such/what/many/rather/quite+a(n)+形容词+单数可数名词
quiteasmallhouse
2
how/however/so/too/as/that/this十形容词+a(u)+单数可数名词
soniceagirl
3
both/all/half/twice/double+the+名词
twicethesizeoftheroom
4
halfa(n)或ahalf+单数可数名词
Halfanhour/ahalfhour
2.不定冠词
考点
示例
1
表示泛指,与any同义
Asquarehasfoursides.
2
表示数量“一”,与one同义,但其数的概念不如one强烈
Hewillbebackinaweek.
3
表示“相同的”,与thesame同义
Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.
4
表示“每一个”,与every,each,per同义
Ivisitmyfatheronceamonth.
5
表示“某一”,与acertain同义
AMrSmithiswaitingtoseeyou.
6
表示“像……似的”,与onelike同义
HeisaLeiFenginourclass.
7
用在某些物质名词前表示“一种、‘一阵、
一份、一场”等
Wehadaheavyrainlastnight.
8
用在某些抽象名词前,使其具体化
Youareagreathelptoyourmother.
3.定冠词
考点
示例
1
特指上文提到过的、谈话双方都清楚的、受定语修饰的人或物
Therelmetaforeignerandtheforeignerhelpedmealot./Doyouknowthemanstandingbythewindow?
2
用于单数名词前,指一类事物
Thelionisawildanimal.
3
用于乐器名称前
theviolin/thepiano
4
用于世界上独一无二的事物前
thesun/ theearth/ theworld
5
与某些形容词连用表示一类人
therich/theyoung/theaged
6
在字数词和最高级前
thefirstonetocometoschool/thebeststudentinourclass
7
在江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸的地名中
TheChangjiangRiver/theWestLake/
theEnglishChannel
8
在表示姓氏的复数名词前、逢整十数词的复数前
play(the)piano/theBrowns/inthe1920s/
9
在表示国家的形容词前,泛指该国的人民.
theChinese/theEnglish
10
用在一些习惯用语中
inthemorning/thedayaftertomorrow/thedaybeforeyesterday/thenextyear
4.零冠词
考点
示例
1
专用名词和不可数名词前
China,America,GradeOne,ClassTwo
2
名词前已有this,that,my,your,some,any等
Godownthisstreet.
3
当复数名词和不可数名词表示泛指时
Wearestudents./Ilikereadingstories.
4
成对名词连用时
dayafterday/facetoface
5
在球类、棋类、学科、语言、三餐名词前
playbasketball/playchess/likephysics.speakEnglish/atlunch
6
在季节、月份、某些含Day的节假日、星期等名词前
AutumnisthebestseasoninBeijing./inMay/NewYear’sDay/OnSunday
7
在某些习惯用语中的名词前
Atnoon/bybus/bytelephone/inbed,intime/gotobed/gotocollege
5.英语中含有冠词的词组辩析
英语中有不少词组,从形式看好象只有冠词之差,而实际上却是意义完全不同的新词组。
1.infrontof在……(外)的前面;inthefrontof在……(内)的前面
There’sagardeninfrontoftheclassroom.
There’sablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.
2.inchargeof掌管;负责;inthechargeof在……负责之下
Anexperiencedworkerisinchargeoftheproject.
Theprojectisinthechargeofanexperiencedworker.
3.attable在用饭;吃饭时;atthetable在桌旁
Heseldomtalksattable.
Theysatatthetable,talkingandlaughing.
4.byday白天;日间;bytheday按日计
Heworksinanofficebyday.
Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesgetpaidbytheday.
5.takeplace发生;举行;taketheplace代替;接替
Whendidthisconversationtakeplace?
ElectrictrainhasnowtakentheplaceofsteamtrainsinEngland.
6.inwords用言语;inaword总之
Pleaseexpressyourthoughtinwords.
Inaword,Idon’ttrustyou.
7.attimes有时;不时;atatime一次
Idofeelalittlenervousattimes.
Passmethebrickstwoatatime.
8.little少;不多的;alittle一些;一点点
Hurryup,there’slittletimeleft.
Don’thurry,youstillhavealittletime.
9.few很少;几乎没有的;afew有些;几个
Heisamanoffewwords.
Onlyafewofthechildrencanread.
10.amostinteresting非常有趣的;themostinteresting最有趣的(形容词的最高级)
Thisisamostinterestingstory.
Thisisthemostinterestingstoryofthethree.
11.adoctorandnurse一位医生兼护士;adoctorandanurse一位医生和一位护士
Adoctorandnurseisstandingthere.
Adoctorandanursearestandingthere.
12.Anumberof许多;好些;thenumberof…(的)数目
Anumberofstudentsareintheclassroom.
Thenumberofstudentsintheclassroomisforty.
II、实战演练
(一).用适当的冠词填空,不需要的划“\”.
1.---Hello,couldIspeaktoMr.Smith?
---Sorry,wrongnumber.Thereisn't______Mr.Smithhere.
2.Iknowyoudon'tlike_______musicverymuch.Butwhatdoyouthinkof_______musicinthe
filmwesawyesterday?
3.---Iknockedovermycoffeecup.Itwentrightover______keyboard.
---Youshouldn'tputdrinksnear________computer.
4.Ofall_______reasonsformydecisiontobecomeauniversityprofessor,myfather'sadvicewas
_______mostimportantone.
5.Accordingto_________WorldHealthOrganization,healthcareplansareneededinallbigcitiesto
prevent_________spreadofAIDS.
6..Forhim____stageisjust___meansofmakingaliving.
7.Ithinkitreally_______honorformetospeakhere..
8.Thislabusedtobein_______chargeofMr.Wang.
9Iknowthereis______Mr.Smithnextdoor,whohasgoneon________business.
10Hedevotesmostofhistimeto_______football.AndIamsurehepromises________excellent
footballer.
11Don’tloseheart.Pleasehave______secondtry.
12Thosewhoarerichshouldhelp______poor.
13Whenstealingthethiefwascaughtby______armbyapoliceman.
14Insomefactoriesworkersgetpaidby______piece.
15Itisabadhabittogotoworkwithout______breakfast.
16Johnis_______universitystudentfrom______Europeancountry.
17Teachersplay_______activeandimportantpartinbuildingupstudents’character.
18_______Zhangsliveonthesecondfloor.
19Cottonisgrownin_______northofChina.
20Itisknowntousallthat_______lighttravelsfasterthan_______sound.
21Atowerisseenin_______distance.
22Incaseoffirepleasepress_______redbutton.
23Shenzhenhas________populationofmorethan10million.
24_______daysIspentwithCatherineinBeijingweresowonderful.
25Abullethitthesoliderandhewaswoundedin______leg.
26Helovedwritingandhisfirstnovelwas______greatsuccesswhenitcameout.
27Mybrotherwasbornin_______springof1990.
28Mr.Smithis______mostlearnedscholarandyoucanturntohimforhelp.
29Howsweetlyshesings!
Ihaveneverheard_______bettervoice.
30Beijingis______secondlargestcityinChina.
31MytriptoTibetwasreally________unforgettableexperience.
32Thiswatchis_______18thcenturywatch,whichhasbeenpasseddownfrommygreatgrandpa.
(二)语法填空
在括号中填入适当的冠词
Thereoncewasakingwhooffered1prizeto2artistwhowouldpaint3bestpictureofpeace.Manyartisttried.Thekinglookedatall4pictures.Buttherewereonlytwohereallyliked,andhehadtochoosebetweenthem.
Onepicturewasofacalmlake.Thelakewasaperfectmirrorforpeacefulhighmountainsallaroundit.Overheadwasablueskywithfluffywhiteclouds.Allwhosawthispicturethoughtitwas5perfectpictureofpeace.
Theotherpicturehadmountains,too.Butthesewereruggedandbare.Abovewas6angrysky,fromwhichrainfellandinwhichlightningplayed.Down7sideofthemountaintumbled(翻腾)afoaming(水泡)waterfall.Thisdidnotlookpeacefulatall.
Butwhenthekinglookedclosely,hesawbehind8waterfallatinybushgrowinginacrackintherock.Inthebush9motherbirdhadbuilthernest.There,inthemidstoftherushofangrywater,satthemotherbirdonhernest-inperfectpeace.
Thekingchose10secondpicture.
答案:
I1a2/;the3the;a4.the;the5the;the6the;a7an8the9a;/10/;an11a12the13the14the15the16a;a17an18The19the20/;/21the22the23a24The25the26a27the28a29a30the31an32an
II1a2the3the4.the5a6an7the8the9a10.the
专题二名词
I、重点难点解析
名词的高考命题导向
名词的“可数”与“不可数”是高考命题的热点之一。
不可数名词前不能与不定冠词连用,之后不能+s。
有些抽象名词却有复数形式,但意义与原来的不同。
有些可数名词复数有两个意思,一个与单数意义相同,另一个和单数含义不同,高考中这些含义很可能成为考查的内容。
词语的固定搭配及名词作定语也是高考命题的注意点。
一名词的分类及常见用法
可数名词
个体名词
teacher,student,piano
功能
集体名词
family,committee,people
名词在句中可做主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、同位语或状语
不可数名词
物质名词
wood,water,steel
抽象名词
friendship,progress
专有名词
John,Smith,Beijing
名词所有格
一般由名词右上方+’s;以s结尾的名词单复数只加“’”
表有生命的东西或时间,空间,距离,价格,重量等名词的所有格
如:
Women’sDay,anhour’swalk,students’reading-room,today’spaper
介词of+名词
无生命的东西的名词所有格
如:
amapofChina,thetopofthemountain
可数名词的复数
规则变化
1.一般词后+s
days,boys,Americans
2.s,x,sh,ch结尾+es
buses,dishes;(stomachs除外)
3.辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i+es
babies,factories
4.以f或fe结尾,变f/fe为v+es
leaves,wives;(roofs,proofs,
gulfs,beliefs,chiefs,staffs,
safes除外)
5.以o结尾,有生命+es,无生命+s
heroes,potatoes;pianos,radios(hippos,bamboos)除外
6.数字的复数+s或“’s”
inthe1930s/1930’s
不规则变化
1.改变词中元音字母
woman-women,goose-geese
man-men,foot-feet,tooth-teeth
2.形式复数,意义单数
news,maths,politics,economics等
3.单复同形
means,deer,sheep,fish,works
(工厂),species,Chinese等
4.其它
child-children,bacterium-
bacteria,crisis-crises,ox-oxen,phenomenon-phenomena等
二名词其他需要注意的几点:
1.名词的数
1)复合名词变为复数的规则
有主体名词的复数形式(lookers-on,passers-by等)和无主体名词的复数形式(grown-ups,go-betweens等)。
2)集体名词的数
①有些集体名词只能用作复数。
如:
cattle,police,people等。
注意:
people意为“民族;种族”时有单、复数形式。
②有些集体名词只能用作单数。
如:
machinery,furniture,jewellery,mankind等。
③有些集体名词作为整体看待时,用作单数;指其中各个成员时,用作复数。
如:
class
family,couple,audience,government,public等。
ThewholefamilyarewatchingTVnow.全家人现在都在看电视。
Hisfamilyisabigone.他家是个大家族。
3)只能用复数形式的名词
由两部分构成的名词:
glasses,trousers,shorts,scissors,gloves,scales,compasses等。
4)the+姓氏的复数,表全家人:
theBlacks,theWangs
5)具有双重特性的名词
(1)意义不同的可数和不可数名词
aroom房间一room空间achicken鸡一chicken鸡肉
anexperience经历一experience经验anagreement协议一agreement同意
(2)单、复数意思不同的名词
arm手臂一arms武器brain脑一brains智力custom风俗一customs海关
force力量一forces军队regard注意,关心一regards问候time时间一times时代
work工作一works作品,工厂manner态度一manners礼貌spirit精神一spirits心情,情绪
content内容一contents目录loss损失一losses损失物condition状况一conditions条件
expression表达一expressions短语feeling感觉一feelings感情wood木头一woods树林
2.名词的所有格
1)表示两者或两者以上共同所有,在最后一个词的后面加’s;表示各自拥有时,每个名词后都要+s”。
如LiandMa’sroom李和马共有的房间;Li’sandMa’srooms李和马各自的房间
2)表某人家或店铺,诊所。
如:
Li’s李家,thedoctor’s诊所;thebarbe