高考英语精编词汇佳句习题含答案解析二.docx

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高考英语精编词汇佳句习题含答案解析二.docx

高考英语精编词汇佳句习题含答案解析二

一、重点单词

1.环境与保护

behaviour,damage,destroy,pollution,prevent,protect,recycle,environment,preserve,atmosphere,radiation,rubbish,conservation,consequence,garbage,protection,waste,smelly,noisy,circumstance,overlook,responsibility,volunteer,unbearable,forbid,punish,severe,tolerate,irrigate,punishment,effort,influence

2.自然

harmony,material,ecology,substitute,blow,harvest,advocate,expectation

3.动植物

disappearance,evolution,extinction,survival,threaten,creature,decline,species,decrease

4.其他

distant,permit,wave,challenging,primitive,puzzled,challenge,proper,purpose

二、高频短语

1.callonsb.todosth.号召/呼吁某人做某事

2.cutdown砍倒

3.do(great)harmto给……带来(很大)危害

4.dieout灭绝

5.have(disastrous)effectson对……有(灾难性的)影响

6.inharmonywith与……和谐共处

7.returntonormal恢复正常

8.prevent...fromdoing...阻止……做……

9.runout用完

10.thestrickenarea灾区

11.takeresponsibilityfor对……负责任

12.takesteps/measurestodosth.采取措施做某事

13.tomakemattersworse使事情更糟糕的是

14.throwaway丢弃

15.protect...from保护……免受

16.makeadifferenceto对……有影响/起作用

17.onaccountof由于

18.leadto/contributeto导致

19.frombadtoworse每况愈下

20.inthelongrun从长远来看

21.beawareof意识到

22.bring/get/keep...undercontrol控制

23.attach(great)importanceto(十分)重视

24.reducepollution减少污染

25.endangerthelivesof危及……的生命

26.maintainbiodiversity保持生物多样性

27.bekindtonature善待大自然

28.setupnaturereserves建立自然保护区

29.arousepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection唤起人们的环保意识

30.realizetheimportanceoftheenvironment意识到环境的重要性

三、常考佳句

1.Accordingly/Consequently,itisnotdifficulttodrawtheconclusionthatpeoplearemoreandmoreawareoftheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.

因此,不难得出这样的结论:

人们越来越意识到保护环境的重要性。

2.Withthenumberofcarsincreasingfastinourcity,ourenvironmentisgettingincreasinglyworse.

随着我们城市汽车数量的快速增长,我们的环境变得越来越糟。

3.Itiswell-knownthattheglobalwatershortageisbecomingincreasinglysevereduetoglobalwarming.

众所周知,由于全球变暖,全球水资源短缺日益严重。

4.It’shightimethatwepaid/shouldpaymuchattentiontoprotectingourenvironment.

该是我们注意保护环境的时候了。

5.Facedwiththissituation,wearesupposedtoraisetheawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.

面对这种情况,我们应该提高环保意识。

6.Onlybyknowingtheimportanceofanimalprotectioncanpeopledevelopasenseofresponsibility.

只有明白了动物保护的重要性,人们才会培养出一种责任感。

7.Asisknowntoall,natureisourhuman’sgoodfriendinsteadofenemy,soweshouldbekindtonatureandlearntoliveinharmonywithit.

众所周知,大自然是人类的朋友而非敌人,所以,我们应该善待大自然并且学会与之和谐相处。

8.AsfarasI’mconcerned,forestsplayanimportantpartinecosystem.However,withtheincreaseofcuttingdowntrees,forestsarebecomingless,whichleadstotheglobalwarming,floodsandothernaturaldisasters.

在我看来,森林在生态系统中起着重要作用。

但是,随着砍伐树木的增加,森林正在变少,这导致全球变暖、洪灾和其他自然灾害。

9.Nowmoreandmorepeoplebecomeawarethatthepresentenvironmenthasmuchtodowithwhatwehavedonetotheearth.

现在,越来越多的人认识到,当前的环境状况与我们对地球的所作所为有很大的关系。

10.We’llhavenowheretoliveinthefutureunlesswetakeactiontoprotecttheearthnow.

如果我们现在不采取措施来保护地球,将来我们会无处生存。

Ⅰ.根据英文释义和首字母提示写出单词

1.effort:

physicalormentalactivityneededtoachievesomething

2.permit:

toallowsomething

3.volunteer:

someonewhodoesajobwillinglywithoutbeingpaid

4.recycle:

tocollectandtreatrubbishtoproduceusefulmaterialswhichcanbeusedagain

5.garbage:

wastematerialorunwantedthingsthatyouthrowaway

6.substitute:

tousesomethingorsomeoneinsteadofanotherthingorperson

7.creature:

anylargeorsmalllivingthingwhichcanmoveindependently;ananimal

8.extinction:

whenaparticulartypeofanimalorplantstopsexisting

9.smelly:

havinganunpleasantsmell

10.consequence:

anoftenbadorinconvenientresultofaparticularactionorsituation

Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空

1.Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvival(survive)timeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.

2.Ifneighborswanttogetalongwellwitheachother,theyhavetoshowtheirtolerance(tolerant).

3.Thismorning,whenIwaswalkingonthestreet,Isawthattwotravelerswerereadingamap,lookingpuzzled(puzzle).

4.Travelersshouldn’tfeedtheanimalsinaclosedistance(distant).

5.Iknowyoutakegoodpicturesandyou’vealwayswantedtodosomethingforenvironmentalprotection(protect).

6.Volunteers(voluntary)camewithcarloadsofdonatedclothingandtoys.

7.Toreturntotheproblemofwaterpollution(pollute),I’dlikeyoutolookatastudyconductedinAustraliain2012.

8.Groupexerciseischallenging(challenge),yetfunandexciting!

9.Manypeoplethinkthatthedeathpenalty(死刑)istoosevereasapunishment(punish)foranycrime.

10.Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmental(environment)movementmightnotexisttoday.

Ⅲ.选择方框内的短语并用其正确形式填空

dieout,doharmto,inharmonywith,runout,takeresponsibilityfor,tomakemattersworse,makeadifferenceto,onaccountof,attachimportanceto,takemeasures

1.Wehumansmustlearntoliveinharmonywithanimals.

2.Chinesetraditionallandscapepaintingstrytoshowharmonybetweenmanandnaturewhileoilpaintingsattachmoreimportancetohumans.

3.It’shightimethatwetook/shouldtakemeasurestoprotectthewildanimals.

4.Diligencemakesagreatdifferencetoone’scareersuccessinthefuture.

5.Ilostmywayintheforest,andtomakemattersworse,itbecamedark.

6.Itisveryimportantthatyoutakeresponsibilityforyourhealth.

7.Foodsupplieshadrunouttowardstheendofthetrip.

8.Wedelayedourdepartureonaccountofthebadweather.

9.Nuclearpowerwilldoharmtoourhealthandsafetyifimproperlyused.

10.Manyoldcustomsaregraduallydyingout.

Ⅳ.完成句子

1.Doesshelivewithinwalkingdistance(几步之遥)ofherparents?

2.Youshouldmakeanefforttoimprove(尽力提高)yourreadingcomprehension.

3.TheshipwillsailforNewYorktomorrowifweatherpermits(如果天气允许).

4.Thenewpositionchallengedhimtostudystillharder(激发他更加努力学习)duringhissparetime.

5.Thelizardsareclassedasanendangeredspecies(一种濒危物种).

6.Ididn’tkeepmypromise.Asa/Inconsequence(结果),hedoesn’tkeepintouchwithmeanylonger.

7.Caraccidentsareonthedecrease(在减少)duetotheforcefullaw.

8.AuntMaryvolunteeredtocleanup(自愿打扫)thekitchenlastSunday.

9.Shecan’ttoleratebeingtreated(容忍被对待)thatway.

10.Theyclosedthewindowsinexpectationofrain(预料天会下雨).

Ⅴ.根据括号内提示翻译句子

1.你无论如何都不得离开这所房子。

(circumstance,倒装)

Undernocircumstancesareyoutoleavethehouse.

2.情况允许的话,我将出国学习。

(permit,独立主格结构)

Circumstancespermitting,I’llgoabroadtostudy.

3.这对双胞胎兄弟站在树下,感到困惑不解,但什么也没说。

(puzzle,形容词短语作状语)

Thetwinbrothersstoodunderthetree,puzzledbutsayingnothing.

4.到了我们该保护濒危野生动物的时候了。

(It’stimethat...,preserve)

It’stimethatwepreserved/shouldpreserveendangeredwildlife.

5.他在安保人员的护卫下离开了机场。

(undertheprotectionof)

Helefttheairportundertheprotectionofthesecurityguards.

Book1 Unit4 Earthquakes

1.burstvi.(burst,burst)爆裂;爆发;n.突然破裂;爆发

(1)IwassoterriblethatIburstoutcrying(cry).

(2)Hearingthis,thewholeclassburstintolaughter(laugh)andmydeskmate’sfaceturnedred.

用法点拨

burstinto+名词=burstout+doing突然……起来

2.ruinn.废墟;毁灭;vt.毁灭;使破产

(1)fall/comeintoruin(因缺乏照料)而衰落,败落

(2)WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhoodinruins.

第二天当他们回到Rockaway时,发现他们的社区成了一片废墟。

(2016·北京)

(3)YearsoffightinghasleftIraqruined(ruin).

多年的战斗使伊拉克荒废了。

3.injurevt.损害;伤害

(1)injuryn.伤口;伤害

injuredadj.受伤的

(2)dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.伤害某人

(3)Theinjured(injure)wererushedtohospitalinanambulance.

(4)Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone,Iwouldhavebeeninjured.

我当时系着安全带。

如果没系的话,我会受伤的。

(2016·天津)

4.shockn.休克;震惊;打击;vt.&vi.(使)震惊;震动

Itshockedmetoseehowmyneighborstreatedtheirchildren.

→Whatshockedmewastoseehowmyneighborstreatedtheirchildren.(用what引导的主语从句改写)

→Itwasashockformetoseehowmyneighborstreatedtheirchildren.(用shockn.改写)

→Iwasshockedtoseehowmyneighborstreatedtheirchildren.(用beshockedtodo...改写)

5.rescuevt.&n.援救;营救

rescue...from...营救……脱离……

cometoone’srescue营救某人

6.trapvt.使陷入困境;n.陷阱;困境

(1)trapsb.intodoing...诱骗某人做……

(2)Teenagersclimbeddozensofflightsofstairstodeliverwaterandfoodtoelderlypeopletrapped(trap)inpowerlesshigh-risebuildings.(2016·北京)

7.buryvt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏

(1)beburiedin=buryoneselfin埋头于;专心于

(2)Becausesheburiedherselfinthefilm,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.

→Buryingherselfinthefilm,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)

→Buriedinthefilm,shedidn’tknowitwassnowingoutside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)

8.sheltern.掩蔽处;避身处;掩蔽;vt.&vi.保护;掩蔽

take/seekshelter(from)躲避(……)

shelter...from...保护……免于……

undertheshelterof在……的庇护下

9.damagen.&vt.损失;损害

(1)do/causedamageto对……造成损害

(2)Withhisreputationdamaged,heregrettedhavingdoneso.

名誉受损后,他后悔这样做了。

熟词生义

 [写出句子中黑体词的汉语意思]

(3)Heclaimeddamagesforhislostgoods.赔偿金

10.frightenvt.使惊吓;吓唬

(1)frightensb.into/outofdoing...吓唬某人做/不做某事

(2)Asuddenstopcanbeaveryfrightening(frighten)experience,especiallyifyouaretravellingathighspeed.(2016·浙江)

(3)Weknowfromthepassagethatelephantsmaybefrightened(frighten)ofangrybees.

11.judgen.裁判员;法官;vt.断定;判断;判决

(1)judge...by/from从……判断,按照……判断

inone’sjudgement依某人看来

(2)Judging(judge)fromherlooks,sheseemedtobetired.

(3)Myjudgementisthattheplanisill-conceived.

→Inmyjudgement,theplanisill-conceived.

我的意见是该计划考虑不周。

12.expressvt.表达;表示;n.快车;速递

expressoneself表达自己的意思

用法点拨

express作“表达”解时其后不接双宾语,即不能说expresssb.sth.,可说expresssth.tosb.。

1.rightaway立刻;马上

同义短语:

rightnow,atonce,rightoff,straightaway,innotime等。

2.atanend结束;终结

Themeetingwasatanend.(同义句改写)

→Themeetingcametoanend.(come)

→Webroughtthemeetingtoanend./Webroughtanendtothemeeting.(bring)

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