高考英语阅读系列训练 归纳概括主题.docx

高考英语阅读系列训练 归纳概括主题.docx

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高考英语阅读系列训练归纳概括主题

 ReadingTrainingCourse1

归纳概括主题 （TitleandMainIdea）

   归纳概括中心主旨的题目是高考必考题目，考查考生通过阅读理解,总结归纳，找出文章中心意思的能力。

    要做好这类题考生必须区分主要信息和次要信息；既看到树木, 更看到森林；要跳出一词一句，而俯瞰全文；要通读全文，通篇理解。

   找出主题句（topicsentence）是一个有用的方法。

   中心意思（mainidea）通常是一个完整的句子，它应能全面准确地概括文章的中心主旨；最佳题目（thebesttitle）可以是一个短语词组，它除能概括文章的中心主旨外，还有吸引读者，引发阅读兴趣的任务。

  除常见的提问以外，这种题型的提问方式还有：

 Themainpointofthepassageis...

 Thepassagedealsmainlywith...

 Thepassageisabout...

 Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

 Whatistheauthor'smainpurpose?

Paragraph1  

     Wouldn'titbeterribleif,wedidn'thavegrass?

Wewouldhavetowalkonbaresoil.Canyouguesswhatourplaygroundswouldlooklike?

Onarainydaywewouldgetallmuddy.Onadrydaywewouldbreathecloudsofdust.

1.Thestorymainlytells_________.

A.whyweneedrain

B.howgrassiskeptgreen

C.howgrasshelpsus

D.withoutgrasswewouldhavetowalkonbaresoil

Paragraph2

     Ratsarestillalmostasbigadangertopeopleastheywerelongago.Theystillspreaddiseaseandeatcrops.Muchofthehungerwehavetodayiscausedbyrats.Theyeathalfofthegrainharvestedintheworld.

2.Fromthepassageweknow_________.

A.whyratsareanenemyofpeople

B.howratsdestroyourfood

C.whyratscausedisease

D.whyratsweredangeroustopeoplelongago

Paragraph3

     Somesupermarketshaveaspecialwayofgettingpeopletocometothebakerycounters.Sometimestheyspraya"cakesmell"intotheair.Atothertimestheyspraythefreshsmellofbakingbread.Thesesmellsareenoughtomakepeople'smouthswater.Thecustomersthenracemadlytothecountertobuycake,bread,rolls,andotherbakedgoods!

3.Themainideaoftheparagraphis__________.

A.whatcakesmellslike

B.whybakeriesmakemoney

C.howpeopleareattractedtobakerycounters

D.whatbakerycountersinsupermarketssell

Paragraph4

     TheManhattan（NewYorkCity）telephonebookisoneofthelargestofitskindinthenation.About1,500,000copiesofthisbookareprintedeach-year.Tomakethepaperofthebooks,43,000treesarecutdown.Therearetwenty-sixcolumnsofSmithsandtwenty-threeofBrowns.Ifallthecopiesofthisbookwerestackedontopofeachother,theywouldmakeapilefortymileshigh.

4.Thesubjectoftheparagraphis_________.

A.whattheManhattanphonebookislike

B.wheretheManhattanbookisprinted

C.howmanytelephonesarethereinNewYork

D.whoprintedthefirstphonebook

Paragraph5

     ThewordWaterloohasbecomeasynonymfordefeat-totaldefeatandcompletedisaster.Waterloo,atowninBelgium,wasthesceneofabattlein1851thatbroughtoverwhelmingdefeattoNapoleonBonaparte'sFrenchArmy.AtstakewerethewholecontinentofEuropeandNapoleon'sdreamofanempire.InafewdaysoverfortythousandFrenchsoldiersdied.Withtheirdeathsanewwordfordisasterwasborn—Waterloo.

5.Thesubjectoftheparagraphis__________.

A.whereWaterloois

B.whonamedWaterloo

C.whyNapoleonandtheFrenchArmyweredefeatedatWaterloo

D.howthewordWaterloocametomeandefeat

Correctanswers:

1---5CACAD

Paragraph1

     Whatarethetallestplantsintheworld?

ManypeoplewouldsaythatgiantredwoodtreesofCalifornia.Actually,thetallestplantsareintheoceans.Theseareseaweedsthatgrowalmostsevenhundredfeettall.Comparedtothisheight,thegiantredwoodsarepygmiesofonlyfourhundredfeet.Togetsomeideaoftheseheights,considertheStatueofLiberty.Thishugefigurerisesonlythreehundredfeet.

1.Thepassagecanbeentitled__________.

A.RedwoodsinCalifornia

B.TheStatueofLiberty

C.Seaweed

D.TheTallestPlants

Paragraph2

     Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster.Tomanyofnature'sanimals,however,thegreatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbersofhumans.WhensettlerscamefromtheEasttoAmerica'sgreatwesternplains,theykilledmillionsofbison,poisonedtheprairiedogs,andshotthecoyotes.Allthisupsetthearea'sbalanceofnature.Fortheanimals,itwasworsethanafloodorearthquake.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.NatureBalanceItself

B.FloodsandEarthquakes

C.AmericanSettlers

D.Humans--aDisastertoNature

Paragraph3

     AtthistimethestateofSouthCarolinawashavinghardtimes.Yearafteryearthesoilhadbeenplantedtothesamecrop.Itwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves,andtheplantersknewlittleaboutsoilconservation.Becausethesoilwasbeginningtowearout,cropsweresmaller.TheyoungerpeoplewerenotsatisfiedtoraisecottononthepoorsoiloftheoldSouth.Manyofthemmovedwestwardandstartedcottonplantations（种植园）inAlabamaandMississippi.Whatwasmore,somuchcottonhadbeenshippedtofactoriesinEnglandandNewEnglandthattheyhadasmuchcottonastheycoulduse.Thisbroughtthepriceofcottondown.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations,andhigherandhigherpricesweredemandedforthem.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.

3.Thesubjectofthispassageis__________.

A.economic（经济的）difficultiesofSouthCarolina

B.thattheplantersknewnothingaboutfarming

C.thatthesoilinSouthCarolinawasnotgood

D.thecausesofhardtimesinSouthCarolina

4.Whichofthefollowingsentencescansummarize（概括）themainideaofthepassage?

A.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.

B.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.

C.Thesoilwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves.

D.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations.

Paragraph4

      Whenapieceofpaperburns,itiscompletelychanged.Theashthatisleftbehinddoesnotlookliketheoriginalpieceofpaper.Whendull-redrustappearsonapieceoftinware（锡制品）,itisquitedifferentfromthegleamingtin.Thetarnishthatformsonsilverwareisanewsubstanceunlikethesilveritself.Animaltissue（组织）isunlikethevegetablesubstancefromwhichitismade.Achangeinwhichtheoriginalsubstanceisturnedintoadifferentsubstanceiscalledachemicalchange.

5.Theauthorwritesthispassagetotellus_________.

A.howpaperburns

B.thatdull-redontinwareisunliketinitself

C.thatanimaltissueisdifferentfromplant's

D.whatachemicalchangeis

Correctanswers:

1—5DDAAD

Paragraph1

      OneofthemostimportantweaponsusedduringtheSecondWorldWarwasnotaweaponusedagainstpeople,butratheradrugusedagainstdisease.Thewartimeuseofpenicillinsavedthousandsoflives.IntheFirstWorldWar,forexample,pneumoniawasresponsibleforeighteenpercentofallthedeathsintheUnitedStatesarmy.IntheSecondWorldWar,theratewentdowntolessthanonepercent.Inaddition,penicillinwasinstrumentalinkeepingwoundsfromgettinginfectedandinhelpingtospeedthehealingprocessofthosewoundsthatdidbecomeinfected. 

1.whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ADangerousWeapon

B.GunsintheSecondWorldWar

C.ATerriblePneumonia

D.AnImportantDrug

Paragraph2

     Mr.Brown,ashopkeeper,wasgoingtocounttheday'scashtakings.Therewasmorethan£300innotes.Hewasabouttoputtheminabag.Heheardasound.

     Adooratthebackoftheroomwasopening.Avoiceshouted"Don'tshout.Don'tlookround.Ihaveagun."Mr.Brownstoodstill.Thevoicewenton,"Dropthatbagandthenotes.Goandstandinthecornerbesidethesafe.Keepquitestill.Remember,Ihaveagun."

     Mr.Brownwasfrightened.Heobeyedalltherobber'sorders.Therobberpickedupthenotesandwasabouttogooutbythedooratthebackoftheroom.

     Itwasaquarterpastsix.JohnTaylorarrivedoutsidethatverysamebackdoor.Heraisedhishandandwasabouttoknock.Atthatverymomenttherobberopenedthedoor.HewasfrightenedtoseeJohnthere.Helosthishead.Hebecamepanic-stricken.HetriedtopushhiswaypastJohn.ButJohnwassuspicious.Heblockedtherobber'sway.Therewasafight.

     Mr.Brownheardthefight.Heforgothisfear,turnedroundandrushedfromhiscorner.Hethrewbothhisarmsroundtherobber.Thispinnedtherobber'sarmstohissidessohecouldnotusehisgun.AtthesamemomentJohnstrucktherobberhardinthestomachandknockedallthebreathoutofhisbody.Therobberfelltothegroundinapile.HestillheldthenotesbuthisgunfellonthefloorandJohnquicklypickeditup.Allwasnowover.Soonthepolicearrived

2.Themainideaofthispassageis_________.

A.arobberrobbedashop

B.Mr.BrownandMr.Taylorfoughtagainstarobber

C.Nonebutthebravecanwinvictory

D.JohnTaylorwasabraveman

Paragraph3

     Sometimespeoplecalleachother"scared-cat",buthaveyoueverthoughtaboutthisexpression?

Whenacatisfrightened,itsheartstartsbeatingfaster,itsmusclesgettense,andtherearechangesinthechemicalsinitsbloodstream.Althoughthecatdoesn'trealizethis,itsbodyisgettingreadyforaction.Ifthedangercontinues,theanimalwilldooneoftwothings.Itwilldefend itself,oritwillrunawayasfastasitcan. 

     Somethinglikethisalsohappenstopeople.Whenweareexcited,angry,scared,orarousedby

otheremotions（feelings）,ourbodiesgothroughmanyphysicalchanges.Ourheartsbeatfaster,andourmusclesgettense.Allofthesechangesmakeusmorealertandreadytoreact.We,too,getreadytodefendourselvesorrun.

     Humanbeings,however,haveaproblemthatanimalsneverface.Ifwegi