剖析《福尔摩斯》中的人物刻画.docx

剖析《福尔摩斯》中的人物刻画.docx

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剖析《福尔摩斯》中的人物刻画

学号：

华北理工大学

毕业论文

GRADUATETHESIS

论文题目：

剖析《福尔摩斯》中的人物刻画

学生姓名：

专业班级：

11英语1班

学院：

外国语学院

指导教师：

2015年03月31日

OntheCharacterizationof

Holmes

By

Agraduatethesis

submittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirements

forthedegreeofBachelorofArtstothe

CollegeofForeignLanguages

HebeiUnitedUniversity

March31st,2015

摘要

柯南·道尔是英国杰出的侦探小说家，被誉为“英国侦探小说之父”。

当道尔的第一篇侦探小说《血字的研究》发表后，文中主角夏洛克·福尔摩斯以独特的个性和出色的逻辑推理风靡全球。

之后创作的《福尔摩斯探案集》系列同样受到读者的喜爱。

在《最后一案》中，福尔摩斯本该与敌人同归于尽，但是因为读者对福尔摩斯死亡的不满，柯南道尔最终让福尔摩斯回归。

从这点可以看出福尔摩斯的受欢迎程度。

本文通过文本细读和对小说人物形象的整体把握上，对如何刻画人物进行了分析，阐述了三种刻画人物的方法对成功塑造福尔摩斯这个人物形象的作用。

本文共分为四部分。

引文部分主要概述作者柯南道尔及小说《福尔摩斯探案集》系列的情况，并对人物福尔摩斯做简单介绍。

正文的第一部分主要分析人物福尔摩斯的形象，通过写他的原型，知识，性格，探案特点四个方面来描写。

第二部分具体分析如何刻画人物，从语言描写，动作描写和其他细节描写三方面来详细分析。

结论部分在总结本论文主要观点，同时升华总结福尔摩斯的人格魅力。

关键词：

福尔摩斯；人物刻画；语言描写；动作描写

ABSTRACT

ConanDoyle（1859-1930）,afamousdetectivenovelistinEngland,isknownas“thefatherofEnglishdetectivenovel”.AsConanDoyle’sfirstdetectivestoryAStudyinScarletwaspublished,thecharacterSherlockHolmesbecamepopularallovertheworldwithhisuniquepersonalityandexcellentlogicalreasoning.ThenTheCompleteClassicSeriesofSherlockHolmesgainedreaders’love.SherlockHolmeswasarrangedtodiewithhisenemyinTheFinalProblembyArthurConanDoyle,whicharousedreaders’discontent.Therefore,hehadtomakeSherlockHolmesescapewithbarelifeinthenextstory.Fromthisinterlude,itisnotdifficulttoknowthepopularityofthestoriesofSherlockHolmes.ThisthesisanalyzesthecharacterizationofSherlockHolmesthroughscrutinizingreadingofthetextandknowingtheimageofthefictionalcharacter,finallyexplainingthefunctionsofthreemethodsofcharacterizationincreatingHolmes.

Thethesisconsistsoffourchapters.TheintroductiongivesabriefaccountofConanDoyleandTheCompleteClassicSeriesofSherlockHolmes.ThefirstpartofthedissertationanalyzestheimageoftheprotagonistSherlockHolmesthroughhisprototype,knowledge,personality,andhischaracteristicsinsolvingcases.ThethirdpartisabouthowConanDoyledepictedsuchacharacterbythedescriptionofdialogues,actions,andotherdetails.Theconclusionpartsummarizesthewholethesis,representingthecharmingpersonalityofSherlockHolmes.

Keywords:

SherlockHolmes;characterization;dialogues;actions

CONTENTS

Chapter1Introduction

SirArthurConanDoyle（1859）becamebestknownforhiscreationofthedetectiveSherlockHolmes—oneofthemostvividandenduringcharactersinEnglishfiction.SherlockHolmesappearedinAStudyinScarletinBeeton’sChristmasAnnualof1887.From1887to1927,ArthurConanDoylepublishedinsuccession60storiesaboutSherlockHolmesinTheStrandMagazine.

InDecember1893,inordertodedicatemoreofhistimetowhatheconsideredhismoreimportantworks（hishistoricalnovels）,ConanDoylehadHolmesandProfessorMoriartyapparentlyplungetotheirdeathstogetherdowntheReichenbachFallsinthestory“TheFinalProblem”.Publicoutcry,however,ledhimtobringthecharacterbackin1901inTheHoundoftheBaskervilles,thoughthiswassetatatimebeforetheReichenbachincident.In1903,ConanDoylepublishedhisfirstHolmesshortstoryintenyears,“TheAdventureoftheEmptyHouse”,inwhichitwasexplainedthatonlyMoriartyhadfallen;butsinceHolmeshadotherdangerousenemies—especiallyColonelSebastianMoran—hehadalsoarrangedtobeperceivedasdead.Holmesultimatelywasfeaturedinatotalof56shortstoriesandfourConanDoylenovels,andhasappearedinmanynovelsandstorieswrittenbyotherauthors.

ThoseworksofConanDoylewereallabouthowSherlockHolmessolvedvariousweirdcases.Thereisacharacterthatpeopleneverforget,itisDr.Watson.Dr.WatsonisSherlockHolmes'friend,assistantandsometimeflatmate,andisthefirstpersonnarratorofallbutfourstoriesintheSherlockHolmescanon.Underhisdescriptions,SherlockHolmespresentshisexcellentreasoningability,anduniquecharacteristics.SherlockHolmes’opponentsarediverse.Thereisthehypocrisygentleman,theviciouscriminal,theweirdpervert,andtheschemingJesuit.Thetricksofcrimearebynomeansidentical.Theoddandwindingplotsholdallreaders’attention.SherlockHolmesbecomesthepronounofdetective.ThispaperistoanalyzethecharacterizationofHolmes.

TheintroductiongivesabriefaccountofConanDoyleandTheCompleteClassicSeriesofSherlockHolmes.ThefirstpartofthetextanalyzestheimageofSherlockHolmesthroughhisprototype,knowledge,personality,andhischaracteristicinsolvingcases.ThethirdpartofthetextisabouthowConanDoyledepictedsuchacharacterbythedescriptionofdialogues,actions,andotherdetails.Theconclusionpartsummarizesthewholethesis,representsthecharmingpersonalityofSherlock.

Chapter2LiteratureReview

Ashasbeenmentionedintheabovechapter,SherlockHolmesSerieshasnotgotthesystematicresearchitdeserves.InChina,researchesaboutthisnovelaremainlyconcernedwiththetranslationandinfluenceofthisnovelintheLateQingandearlyrepublicperiod.AsforthecontemporaryChineseversions,relatedresearchesareevenfewer.Butinforeigncountry,thestudiesonHolmesarevarious.

2.1ResearchesaboutHolmesinForeignCountry

ArthurConanDoylewasbornon22May1859,andhepublishedAStudyinScarletin1887.ThenHolmesbegantobeattractivetoreaders.Holmes’casesarealmostreportedbyWatson,whobringshumanitytoHolmes.SothestudiesaboutHolmesarerelatedtotheauthor,DoyleortherelationshipbetweenHolmesandWatson.

Theresearchesnormallydatesbackto1902,buttherealSherlockianstudybeganwiththepublicationofStudiesintheLiteratureofSherlockHolmeswrittenbyMonsignorRonaldA.Knoxin1911.ThispaperisthecornerstoneofSherlockianLiterature.Itwasasatireontheseriousacademicresearch.MonsignorRonaldtriedtoconvincetheSherlockiantofindsomethingthatwasimportantbutdidn’tearntheauthor’senoughattention.HesaidthatthereisaspecialfascinationinapplyingthismethodtoSherlockHolmes. JustasHolmessays‘Ithaslongbeenanaxiomofminethatthelittlethingsareinfinitelythemostimportant.’ （Ronald.2）ItmightbethemottoofHolmes‘life.RonaldthoughtthatHolmeshashisownmethodsandthoughts.

ThewaveofstudyingHolmeshadrisingup.Somebiographiesabouttheauthoroccurred.Amongthem,JohnDicksonCarrpublishedhisworknamedTheLifeofSirArthurConanDoylethatbecomesthebest-selleratthattime.WiththewritingsthelifeofDoyleandhowhecreatedHolmes,hemadepeopleknowtherealprototypeofHolmes.JohnDicksonCarrdescribedthestrangerelationshipbetweenDoyleandHolmes.DoylewasfamousforHolmesandgotoffofpoverty,butfinallyhestillhateHolmes.AsJohnDicksonCarrsaid,DoylehadlostinterestinHolmesbuthehadtocontinuethestoriesunderthepressureofreaders.

Manyexcellentworksappearedbetween1940sand1960s.However,themostinfluentialbookaboutSherlockisW.H.Baring-Gould’sTheAnnotatedSherlockHolmes,whichgaveacompleteannotationoftheSherlockHolmescanonincluding56storiesand4novels.HisworkabsorbedsomepopularviewsaboutHolmes.Butthechronologyinthebookwasthemostfascinating.HehasdoneanexcellentjobofdetailingHolmes'lifeandsortingouttheoften-confusingdatesandtimelinesoftheHolmesianCanon.Baring-GouldalsopublishedabooknamedSherlockHolmesandtheBakerStreetin1962.Inthisbook,hemakeshisattemptatunravelingandchroniclingHolmes'sometimesmysteriouslife.HedescribedHolmes’earilylifeandhisbrushwithJacktheRipperin1888,aninterestingbutnotwhollysatisfyingaccount.

AnotherworktostudythefeaturesofHolmesisnumerousinforeigncountry.Bedside,BathtubandArmchairCompaniontoSherlockHolmespublishedin1998isoneofthem.ItwaswrittenbyDickRiley,PamMcAllister.

Providinganoverviewofallaspectsofthelifeandtimesoftheworld-famousdetective,RileyandMcAllisterofferinterestingandentertaininginformationaboutthefictionaldetective.Alongwiththetriviaandinformation,theauthorsintroducehistoricalbackgroundonVictorianEngland,ashortbiographyofSirArthurConanDoyle.Theirbookishelpfulforreaderstolearnthesocialpanoramaofthefiction,likeexplanationsofrankintheBritishnobility,drugsusedintheera,andthewarsmentionedinthestories.

TherearealsomanyotherworkstoexplainwhyHolmesissoattractive.Butasaforeigncharacter,HolmesispopularinChina.HehashisowndevelopmentinChina.

2.2ResearchesaboutHolmesinChina

SherlockHolmescameintoChinaintheLateQingandearlyrepublicperiod.ThetranslationofSherlockHolmesSerieshasreachedaclimax.OneofthefamouswriterisKongHuiyi.InChineseTranslationsofClassicalEnglishDetectiveStories1896-1916,sheanalyzedtheproblemofmaterialselecting,thereasonforthepopularityanddifferentphasesoftranslationinthefirstpartanddiscussedthemodeofstorytellingandtheadjustmentmadeinChinesevision,takingSherlockHolmesasanexample.

Shealsowroteanarticlenamed“PopularFictionasEducatingTools:

SherlockHolmesinChina”inwhichsheresearchedintothetranslationofSherlockHolmesSeriesintheperiodfrom1896to1916.Inthisarticle,sheclaimedthatthestoriesofHolmescanbeatreatmentforthethenChinasociety.KongHuiyisummedupthatSherlockHolmesshouldearnitsenoughattention,whichwillhavegreatinfluenceindetectiveliterature,andthestudyofhimshouldcontinue.

Thereisalsoanotherpersonwehavetoreferto-LiOufan（李欧梵，2004）