初中英语被动语态复与练习.docx
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初中英语被动语态复与练习
初中英语被动语态复习
一、被动语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。
英语的语态共有两种：
主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。
汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。
如：
Heopenedthedoor.他打开了这扇门。
（主动语态）
Thedoorwasopened.这扇门被打开了。
（被动语态）
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。
被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。
疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。
1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明：
2、被动语态的句式变化：
以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：
3、含有情态动词的被动语态
情态动词的被动语态结构为：
情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。
如：
Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那时桌子可由石头制造。
（一般过去时）
Cantablesbemadeofstone?
桌子能用石头制造吗？
（疑问句）
三、主动语态变为被动语态
转换图示：
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：
注意：
如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。
如：
Tomkilledhim.→HewaskilledbyTom.
（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。
注意：
Theyheldameetingyesterday.→Ameetingwasheldbythemyesterday.
他们昨天开会了。
（3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。
注意：
如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。
Hesangasong.→Asongwassungbyhim.
2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。
但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jacktoldusthetruth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
WeweretoldthetruthbyJack.
Thetruthwastold（to）usbyJack.
四、下列动词（词组）没有被动式：
1.、 系动词无被动语态：
以主动形式表示被动之意
常见的系动词有：
①be动词
②……起来（7个）：
look/seem/appear,feel（感觉，摸起来）,sound,smell,taste
e.g.Sheseems/appearshappy.Itsmellsterrible.
③（逐渐）变得/变成：
become,grow,get,turn,come,go
e.g.Hiswishhascometrue.
Peopleoftenwenthungryintheolddays.
Thetreeisgrowingtall.
④保持：
keep,stay
e.g.Wemustkeepquietinthereadingroom.
2、happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,take
3、不及物动词sell,wash,read,write,open,close,shut,lock,wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。
、Anaccidentwashappenedyesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。
Anaccidenthappenedyesterday.
、Theflowersmellssweet.这花闻起来很香。
、Thewatchlooksgood.这表看起来很好。
、Thisbooksellswell.这本书畅销。
、Thekindofclothwasheswell.这种布很容易洗。
、Thearticlereadswell.这篇文章读起来很好。
、Thesupermarketopensat8:
00inthemorning.超市在早上八点钟营业。
、Thedoorwon’tclose/shut.这门关不上。
、Thedoorlockseasily.这门容易锁。
、Thismaterialwearswell（won’twear）.这种材料耐久（不耐久）
六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）
1．一般现在时（am/is/are+done）
Englishisspokenbylotsofpeopleintheworld.世界上的许多人都说英语。
ClassmeetingisheldeveryThursday.每周四都举行班会。
Theclassroomiscleanedbythestudentseveryday.学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时（was/were+done）
Thecupwasbrokenbytheboy.杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
Hewassavedatlast.他最终获救了。
Mybikewasstolen.我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时与过去将来时（will/shallbe+done;would/shouldbe+done）
Aspeechwillbegiventhisafternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。
Anewroadwillbebuiltnextyear.明年要修一条新马路。
Ithoughtthousandsofpeoplewouldbehelped.我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
4．现在进行时与过去进行时（am/is/arebeing+done;was/werebeing+done）
Themachinewasbeingrepairedatthistimeyesterday.昨天这时，机器正在被修理。
Theproblemisbeingdiscussednow.问题正在被讨论。
Abusisbeingpushedbythepassengers.路人正在推一辆公共汽车。
5．现在完成时（have/hasbeen+done）
Twohundredtreeshavebeenplantedbynow.到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。
Thebookhasbeenreadmanytimesbyme.这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。
6．过去完成时（hadbeen+done）
Theysaidtheyhadbeeninvitedtotheparty.他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。
Shefoundthehousehadbeendestroyedbythestorm.她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。
Hehadbeentorturedbytheillnessformanyyearsbeforehedied.
他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。
被动语态专项练习
Ⅰ单项选择
1.Goodbooks____againandagain.
A.shouldbereadedB.shouldberead
C.mustreadD.oughttoread
2.Thechildren____bythenurse.
A.werelookedB.lookedafterC.werelookedafterD.looked
3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.
A.gave,didn'tlistenB.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened
C.give,wasn'tlistenedD.wasgiven,didn'tlisten
4.When____theaccident_____?
A.was,happenB.did,happen
C.is,happenD.was,happened
5.Thequestion____byussoon.
A.isgoingtodiscussB.willdiscuss
C.isgoingtobediscussedD.hasbeendiscussed
6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.
A.wasbuildedB.wasbuiltC.buildsD.hasbeenbuilt
7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.
A.havesetupB.havebeensetup
C.weresetupD.setup
8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.
A.hadfinishedB.havefinished
C.hadbeenfinishedD.havebeenfinished
9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.
A.is…grownB.is…grewC.was…grewD.was…grown
10.He____bytheteachers.
A.isalwayspraisedB.praises
C.havebeenpraisedD.alwaysispraised
11.Greatchanges____place.Manynewschools____.
A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopen
C.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened
12.Thepicture______inOctober,1996.
A.wastakingB.hadbeentakenC.wastakenD.hadtaken
13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.
A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepaired
14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.
A.wasshownB.showedC.haveshownD.wasshowing
15.Thewar______in1941.
A.brokeoutB.hadbeenbrokenout
C.wasbrokenoutD.hadbrokenout
16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapor（蒸汽）.
A.isheatedB.heatingC.hasheatedD.heats
17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.
A.lockedB.locksC.islockedD.islocking
18.They______dayandnight.
A.aremadeworkB.aremadetowork
C.madetobeworkedD.aremakingtowork
19.Chang'anRoadis______ofpeople.
A.filledB.fillC.fullD.fulled
20.Man-madesatellites______intospacebymanycountries.
A.wassentupB.issentup
C.havebeensentupD.hasbeensentup
21.ThisEnglishsong_____often_____bythechildren.
A.is,singingB.is,sungC.will,singD.was,sung
22.Thewindowsofourhouse_____onceaweek.
A.mustcleanB.havecleanedC.iscleanedD.arecleaned
23.When______thePeople'sRepublicofChina_____?
A.was,foundB.was,foundedC.did,foundD.does,found
24.Mary'sradio______bymybrotherjustnow.
A.willbemendedB.hasmendedC.wasmendedD.mended
25.Yourexercisebooks_____afterclass.
A.willhandinB.musthandin
C.handedinD.mustbehandedin
26.Sometreesmay______atothertimesoftheyear.
A.beplantedB.plant
C.areplantedD.willbeplanted
27.Thesun_____atnightasusual.
A.canbeseenB.can'tseeC.can'tbeseenD.doesn'tsee
28.AnewEnglishplay_____therenextweek.
A.willputonB.willbeputon
C.isgoingtoputonD.willbeputtedon
29.Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.
A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappened
C.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen
30.Theglass______.It_____bylittleTomthismorning.
A.broke,isbrokenB.isbroken,wasbroken
C.wasbroken,brokeD.hasbeenbroken,broken
Ⅱ把下列句子改为被动语态
1.Isawtheboyrunyesterday.
2.Hetoldmethathewouldcomebacksoon.
3.Youcanfindalotofdifferencesbetweenthetwolanguages.
4.Doyouwateryourflowerseveryday?
5.Thewindblewdownthebigtreelastnight.
6.Ithinkthatheisright.
7.Hehadnotthrownthebadfood.
8.Motherwasnotmendingthetrousers.
9.TheywouldnottakehimtoBeijing.
10.Nobodyknewmeinthistownatthattime.
21.Ipromisethatmatterwill_______.
A.betakencareB.betakencareofC.takecareD.takecareof
22.Nopermissionhas________foranybodytoenterthebuilding.
A.beengivenB.givenC.togiveD.begiven
23.I_______tenminutestodecidewhetherIshouldrejecttheoffer.
A.gaveB.wasgivenC.wasgivingD.hadgiven
24.Cansuchathing_____happeningagain?
A.preventfromB.preventedfrom
C.bepreventedfromD.topreventfrom
25.Anewhouse________atthecorneroftheroad.
A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding
26.Thisbike________lastyear.
A.boughtB.hasbeenboughtC.wasboughtD.hadbeenbought
27.Didyouseethehousethat_______byfirelastyear?
A.wasdestroyingB.destroyedC.woulddestroyD.wasdestroyed
28.It_______whethershewillgetherworkinthehospital.
A.hasn’tbeendecidedB.isn’tdeciding
C.doesn’tdecideD.hasn’tdecided
29.Thepen_______me.Itishers.
A.isn’tbelongtoB.wasn’tbelongto
C.doesn’tbelongtoD.didn’tbelongto
30.Ican’tusemybikebecauseit_______.
A.isrepairingB.isbeingrepairedC.willrepairD.wasrepairing
31.Thechairmantoldthespeakerthatshe______tospeakalittleloudersoastomakeherself_____.
A.wasexpected;heardB.hadexpected;hear
C.hadhoped;hearD.washoped;heard
32．-Thewindowisdirty.
—Iknow.It_____forweeks.
A.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tclean
C.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned
33.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium_______inBeijing.
A.wouldbecompletedB.wasbeingcompleted
C.hasbeencompletedD.hadbeencompleted
34.—Howlong_______atthisjob?
—Since1990.
A.wereyouemployedB.haveyoubeenemployed
C.hadyoubeenemployedD.willyoubeemployed
35.—Whathappenedtothepricelessworksofart?
—_______.
A.Theyweredestroyedintheearthquake
B.Theearthquakewasdestroyingthem
C.Theydestroyedintheearthquake
D.Theearthquakedestroyedthem
36.ThisisTed’sphoto.Wemisshimalot.He______tryingtosaveachildintheearthquake.
A.killedB.iskilledC.waskilledD.waskilling
37.Rainforests______andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.
A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut
38.Selectingamobilep
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