unit5GrammarpptConvertor.docx

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unit5GrammarpptConvertor

Unit5Grammar:

ModalVerbs

TeachingAims:

Knowledge:

Tolearntheusagesofmodalverbs

Ability:

Tobefamiliarwithsomesentencestructuresaboutit

Attitude:

Toenjoythepleasureofcooperatingwithothers

TeachingFocuses:

understandallthemodalverbs

TeachingDifficulties:

Howtoarousetheparticipationofallthestudents

Howtomakethetopicimpressivetothestudents

Howtofinishalltheteachingtasksinthelimitedtime

TeachingProcedures:

I.Modalverbs:

should/oughtto;must/haveto;mustnot;don’thaveto

 must/haveto

itisnecessarytodosomething

 mustnot

itisnotallowedtodosomething

 donothaveto

itisnotnecessarytodo

 should/oughtto

itisimportanttodosomethingandareoftenusedtogiveadvice

II.1.must

(肯)应该,必须Wemustfinishthehomeworktoday.

(否)不应该,不准Youmustn’tbreaktrafficrules.

疑问:

MustI…否定回答:

No,youneedn’t./No,youdon’thaveto.

猜测

过去:

musthavedone

现在:

mustbe

注意:

只有一种形式(即无过去式等变化形式)

must表不满,有“偏要”的意思

ThebellmustringwhenIwasbusyinthekitchen.

Mustyoutalksoloudly?

2.haveto

客观需要(不得不)

有各种时态:

haveto;will/shallhaveto;hadto

don‘t

doesn’thaveto

didn‘t

should与oughtto:

应该

oughtto侧重于某件事在责任、义务上该做。

should表示某件事适宜于做。

Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim.义务

Weshouldnotusetoomanybigwordsinoureverydayspeech.

oughtto的句式

否定句:

Yououghtnot(=oughtn't)towritesocarelessly.

疑问句:

Oughtwetogivehimachancetotry?

与完成时连用:

should/oughttohavedonesth.

Weoughttohavefinishedourhomeworkontime.

shouldn't/oughtn'ttohavedonesth.

Theyoughtn'ttohavecomebacksolate.

oughtto表示非常有可能的事。

It ought to be a close game .

It ought to be a fine day tomorrow.(极可能是好天)

Practice:

1Mustwecleanthehousenow?

  No,you_A__.

A.needn'tB.maynotC.mustn'tD.can't

2Mustwecometomorrow?

B

A.No,youcan'tB.No,youneedn'tC.No,youmustn'tD.No,youmaynot

3“Where______myumbrella?

”A

“Somebody_______itawaybymistake.”

A)is,musthavetaken  B)is,musttake C)havebeen,musttake  D)is,takes

4Weoughttohelpeachotherinourwork,__D__?

A)oughttoweB)shouldwe  C)shouldn’twe D)oughtn’twe

5We____D____theletteryesterday,butitdidn’tarrive.

A)mustreceive  B)oughttoreceive  C)musthavereceivedD)oughttohavereceived

表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.

情态动词

对将来

对现在

对过去

肯定的推测must

+V.

常见mustbe

+V.

+bedoing

+havedone

可能的推测may/might

+V.

可以用not表示“可能不”

+V.

+bedoing

可以用not表示“可能不”

+havedone

可以用not表示“可能不”

否定的推测can’t/couldn’t

+V.

+V.

+bedoing

+havedone

疑问的推测can/could

+V.

+V.

+bedoing

+havedone

表示推测——情态动词的重要用法.

1.YoumustbeMr.Smith----Iwastoldtoexpectyouhere.

2.Hemusthaveknownwhatwewanted.

3.Wemayhavereadthesamereport.

4.Hecan’thavesleptthroughallthatnoise.

5.There’ssomeoneoutside----whocanitbe?

6.Whatcantheybedoing?

7.Thesepillsmighthelptocureyourdisease.

8.Youcouldberight,Isuppose.

must+havedone表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测,意为“想必/准是/一定作了某事”。

1.Wemusthavelearned2,000wordsbytheendoflastterm.

到上学期为止我们一定学了有两千个单词。

2.HemusthavegonetoBeijing.他一定已经去北京了。

can/could+havedone表示对过去的行为的怀疑和不肯定,通常用在否定句和疑问句中。

1.Cantheyhavewonthebasketballmatch?

他们可能赢了篮球赛吗?

2.Itcouldn’thavebeenMr.Green.HehasgonetoBeijing.

那不可能是格林先生的,他已经去北京了。

could(不用can)+havedone,在肯定句中表示“本来能够…而没能…”,具有婉转的批评和责备之意。

Youcouldhavetoldmeearlier.你本可以早点告诉我的。

Inthosecircumstances,wecouldhavedonebetter.在那样的情况下,我们本可以做得更好的.

should/oughtto+havedone用于肯定句时,表示“本该做某事而实际上没做”,用于否定句时,则表示“本不该做的事反而做了”。

1.Youshouldhavetoldhimaweekago.你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。

2.Theplantisdead.Ishouldhavegivenitmorewater.

这棵植物枯死了.我本应该给它浇更多水的.

needn’t+havedone表示做了本来不必去做的事。

1.Sheneedn’thavegonetothestationyesterday.昨天她本不必到火车站去的.(昨天她去了)

2.Youneedn’thaveboughtit.你本可不必买它的。

(你买了)

may/mighthavedone

1)“可能已经…”

2)“本有可能做某事”

Shelooksunhappy.Shemighthavegotintotrouble,hasn’tshe?

她看上去不高兴,她可能已经遇上麻烦了,难道不是吗?

(表猜测)

Ifthedriverhadn’tstoppedthecar,hemighthaveknockedtheoldmandown,mightn’the?

如果当初司机不刹车,他很可能就将那位老人撞倒了,难道不是吗?

(显然,此处表虚拟)

巩固练习

1.Oh,I’mnotfeelingwellinthestomach.I__B__somuchfriedchickenjustnow.

A.shouldn’teatB.shouldn’thaveeatenC.mustn’teatD.mustn’thaveeaten

2.---Whyhasn’tJanearrivedyet?

---She__B__againinthemorning.

A.shouldn’thaveoversleptB.mayhaveturnedoffthealarmclock

C.musthavenoonetocallherD.shouldhavesomeonetowakeherup

3.---Didyougotothemoviethedaybeforeyesterday?

----No.We___A____,butwedecidednotto.

A.shouldhavegoneB.couldgoC.shouldgoD.couldhavegone

4.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we__D__soformally.

A.needn’tdressB.didn’thavetodressup

C.mightnothavedressedupD.needn’thavedressedup

5.I’mrathersurprisedyouhaven’treportedhimtoyourteacher.Inmyopinion,you___C___thisassoonasyoufoundouthewascheating.

A.musthavedoneB.mighthavedoneC.shouldhavedoneD.couldhavedone

可兼做行为动词的情态动词:

need、dare

1.作为情态动词用,常用在否定句和疑问句中。

Dare(need)+S+V

S+daren’t(needn’t)+V

Idaren’twalkthroughtheforestatnight.

Dareyouwalkthroughtheforestatnight?

Youneedn’treturnthebooknow.

Needhegoyesterday?

注意对need问句的回答:

----NeedIfinishtheworktoday?

----Yes,_______youmust_________.

No,________youneedn’t________.

No,________youdon’thaveto________.

needn’t对其它情态动词的回答:

----ShallItellJohnaboutit?

----No,you____needn’t(don’thaveto)______.

----Mustwedoitnow?

----No,you____needn’t(don’thaveto)______.

2.作实义动词用,常用在肯定句中,有人称、时态、和数的变化

Heneedstogotherehimself.

Hehasgrownup,sowedon’tneedtoworryabouthim.

3.Sth(sb)need(want,require)+doing/tobedone

Thehouseneedscleaning/tobecleaned

Theboyneedssendingtothehospitalatonce.

句型时态动词

情态动词dare实义动词dare

肯定句

现在时daredodare/darestodo

过去时dareddodaredtodo

否定句

现在时daren’t/darenotdodo/doesnotdare(to)do

过去时darednotdodidnotdare(to)do

疑问句

现在时Darehedo?

Doyou/Doeshedare(to)do?

过去时Daredhedo?

Didhedare(to)do

1.Iwonderhowhe_____D____thattotheteacher.

A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay

2.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,we____D____soformally.

Aneedn’tdressB.didn’thavetodressup

C.mightnothavedressedupD.needn’thavedressedup

Exercises:

1.判断正误:

Howdareyousaysuchathing?

(√)

Howdareyoutosaysuchathing?

(×)

Hedaren’ttospeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,didhe?

(×)

Hedaren’tspeakEnglishbeforesuchacrowd,darehe?

(√)

Nobodyneedtobeafraidofcatchingthedisease.(×)

Nobodyneedbeafraidofcatchingthedisease.(√)

Thesedishesneedbecleanedcarefully.(×)

Thesedishesneedtobecleanedcarefully.(√)

Thesedishesneedcleaningcarefully.(√)

在不表示推测的情态动词中,我们要注意以下考点:

1.表示能力、许可的情态动词的用法。

2.表示否定的情态动词的用法。

3.shall和will的多种意义的区别。

4.情态动词短语的使用。

5.虚拟语气中情态动词的使用。

1.表示能力:

can,could,beableto

*beableto能用于各种时态。

can/could只能表示现在或过去的能力。

*was/wereableto:

“设法做成某事”相当于managedtodosth.;succeededindoingsth.。

Eg:

1.Acomputer___A___thinkforitself;itmustbetoldwhattodo.

A.can’tB.couldn’tC.maynotD.mightnot

2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone___D___getout.

A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto

3.Theywill___D___runthismachineontheirowninthreemonths.

A.canB.couldC.mayD.beableto

4.Thatbigcinema___A___seat2,000people.

A.canB.shouldC.oughttoD.isableto

表示许可:

may/might,can/could

*might,could比较委婉,一般多用于疑问句.

*can,may表达的语言比较随便.

*在以could,might表示征询对方意见或表示请求时,回答应相应使用can,may.

5.—CouldIborrowyourdictionary?

—Yes,ofcourseyou____C___.

A.mightB.willC.canD.should

6.—MightIwatchTVaftersupper?

—Yes,you____A____.

A.mayB.mustC.mightD.can

2.表示否定的情态动词的用法:

部分情态动词的否定式是情态动词中的考点之一。

mustn’t不准,禁止

needn’t没必要(=don’thaveto)

can’t不能;不可能

maynot不可以;可能不

shouldn’t不应该(=oughtnotto)

7.You___C___returnthebooknow.Youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike.

A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.maynot

8.Johnny,you___B___playwiththeknife,you______hurtyourself.

A.won’t;can’tB.mustn’t;mayC.shouldn’t;mustD.can’t;shouldn’t

9.----Willyoustayforlunch?

----Sorry,__B___.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.

A.Imustn’tB.Ican’tC.Ineedn’tD.Iwon’t

10.----MayIpickaflowerinthegarden?

----____C____.

A.No,youneedn’tB.Not,please.C.No,youmustn’tD.No,youwon’t

3.情态动词:

shall,will的多种意义:

shall/will+动词原形:

*shall可表示命令、警告、承诺、威胁或征询意见.

*will可表示意愿、常出现的动作、在疑问句中表示请求和建议.

*均可表示将来。

过去时为should,would.

shall在句中的含义可分为三类:

1)表示说话人向对方征求意见,多用于第一或第三人称疑问句.

Let’sspendthenightinthetent,shallwe?

Shallhecomein?

2)表示说话者命令、警告或威胁的语气.多用于第二或第三人称.

Youshan’tleavebeforesix.

Nooneshallstopme.

3)表示说话者对将来的承诺.

Allthesethingsshallbeansweredfor.

IpromisethatIshallbuyyouanicebicycleonyourbirthday.

will/would:

1)作为情态动词will有“愿意”的意思,而would也可以用在现在时中,只是语气更婉转客气.

Willyoubemypartner?

Wouldyouliketoeatoutwithme?

Thedoctorhastoldhimtimeandagaintostopsmoking,buthesimplywon’tlisten.

Ituggedatthedoor,butitwouldn’topen.

2)would还有一种特殊用法,表示过去经常会做的事情,多跟在状语从句后.usedto也有类似的意思,但强调现在已停止了该习惯.

Whenhewasthere,hewouldgotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday.

Eg:

11.He___shall___bepunishedifhedisobeys.如果他不服从,就要受到惩罚.

12.Wearenotgoingtoquarrelatallifyou__will__onlyletmespeak.

只要你让我说话,我们根本就不会吵架.

13.----Sir,__B__hegoorstay?

----Lethimgo.

A.willB.shallC.mightD.could

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