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新标准大学英语综合教程4课后答案
综合教程4课后答案
HandoutsandKeytobook4unit1-4
Unit1
Activereading
(1)
Lookingforajobafteruniversity?
First,getoffthesofa
Backgroundinformation
Aboutthepassage:
ThisisanarticlebyanEducationCorrespondent,AlexandraBlair,publishedin
September2008inTheTimes,along-establishedBritishqualitynewspaper.InEuropegenerally,andin
Britaininparticular,foranumberofyearstherehasbeenarisingnumberofstudentswhogotouniversity
andthereforemorenewgraduatesseekingemployment.However,formanygraduatesfindingajobbecame
harderin2008–2009becausetheeconomicdownturn–thenarecession–meantthatmanyemployerswerereducingtheirworkforce.Aftertheirfinalexams,somestudentsrestedinthesummerbeforelookingforjobs
andthentheyfoundthatitwasdifficulttofindemploymentintheirfieldorattheleveltheywanted.The
articleaddressestheproblemsofsuchnewgraduateswhomightbestuckathomeandadvisestheirparents
tobetherefortheirchildren(ietobeavailableiftheirchildrenwanttotalkabouttheproblemorifthey
needhelp).Thearticlerecommendsfindingworkinabarorsupermarketratherthansittingunemployed
athomesincethisismorelikelytoleadtobetteremploymentlater.Thestyleispartlyofareport,butalso
ofahumorouscommentforlightentertainment(seeninthejokeylanguageandproblem-solvingadviceto
parents).
Whyfindingajobin2008issodifficultforuniversitygraduates?
UniversitiesinEurope,particularlyinBritain,haveexpandedgreatlyinthelastfifteenyears(over45%of
youngadultsnowgoontohighereducation),sotherearemoregraduateslookingforjobs.Thiscompetitive
situationbecamealotworsein2008onwardswiththecreditcrunchandeconomicdepression,whichmeant
thattherewerefewerjobsavailableandariseinunemployment.Thusnewgraduateshavetobeactive
toseekajob,theyneedtofillinmanyapplicationformsandtrytogetjobinterviews:
theywon’tfind
employmentbylyingonthesofaathome.
Culturepoints
honoursdegree:
Traditionally,intheBritishuniversitysystem,BAandBSchonoursdegreesareawarded
indifferentcategories:
afirstclassdegree(writtenusingRomannumbersasI),asecond(dividedintotwo
subcategories,writtenasIIiiandIIii,whicharecalled“atwoone”and“atwotwo”),athird(writtenIII)and
apassdegree.Mostpeoplegetasecond.Therearealsoordinarydegreeswithmoregeneralcoursesofstudy
withoutthesecategories.
GenerationYandGrunt:
Themainideahereisthatthereisasuccessionofdifferentgenerationsor
cohortsofadultswhocomeintotheworkforceinNorthAmericawhicharegivendifferentinformalnames
tocharacterizethem.First,“Babyboomers”wereborninthegreatincrease(theboom)ofbirthsafterWorld
WarII(1946–1960),followedby“GenerationX”people(born1960–1980)whoweresaidtobringnew
attitudesofbeingindependent,informal,entrepreneurial,andexpectedtogetskillsandhaveacareerbefore
them.“GenerationY”orthe“MillenialGeneration”(born1980sand1990sandbecomingadultinthenew
millenium)arenowmakingupanincreasingpercentageoftheworkforce;theyaresaidtobespoiltbydoting
parents,tohavestructuredlives,tobeusedtoteamworkanddiversepeopleinamulticulturalsociety.In
thepassage,thisgenerationisnowbecoming(morphinginto)GenerationGrunt,whichisanironicname
referringtorepetitive,lowstatus,routineormindlesswork–thismaybetheonlyworkavailabletosome
graduates,whomayhavetotakeveryordinaryjobstogetexperiencebeforetheyfindsomethingmore
suitable.“Grunt”alsoreferstocoarsebehaviourorbadmannersandtothedeepsoundthatismadebyapig;
whenpeople“grunt”theyexpressdisgustbutdonotcommunicatewithwords–thismaybehowtheparents
ofnewgraduatesthinktheirchildrencommunicatewiththem!
AcomprehensivereferstoaBritishtypeofsecondaryschoolwhichbecamepopularinthe1960s.Beforethat
therewereacademic“grammarschools”andmoregeneral“secondarymodern”schoolsforthosewhodid
notpassthegrammarschoolentrancetests,butthecomprehensiveschoolsweredesignedforallstudentsin
asocialphilosophyofbringingdiversestudentstogetherwhethertheywereacademicornot.Thosestudents
whowenttoacomprehensiveschoolprobablyfeltthathadtostudyparticularlyhard(Iworkedmybackside
off)togettouniversity,comparedtothosewhowenttogrammarschoolswhereallstudentswereacademic–comprehensivestudentsfelttheyhadtostruggletogettouniversity.
ChickensuitThisreferstoalargeyellowcostumethatsomeonewearswhichmakesthepersonlooklikea
giantchicken.Beforehebecameafamousactor,BradPittoncedressedinsuchacostumewhenhehadajob
advertisingforarestaurantcalledElPolloLoco(TheCrazyChicken’inSpanish)–thejobmeantthathehad
towalkaroundthestreetslikeachickentoattractcustomerstocometotherestaurant.
Languagepoints
1Thosememoriesofforkingoutthousandsofpoundsayearsothathecouldeatwellandgotothe
oddparty,begantofade.Untilnow.(Para1)
Theparentspaidalotofmoneyfortheirson’suniversityfeesandlivingexpenses(sothathecouldeat
well)andforoccasionalsocialevents–atgraduationthesememoriesofmoneyweremostlyforgotten
becausetheparentswereproud.Butnowtheparentsarethinkingofmoneyagainbecausethesondoesn’t
haveajobanddoesn’tseemtobeactivelyseekingone.
2ThisformerscionofGenerationYhasmorphedovernightintoamemberofGenerationGrunt.
(Para2)
ThedistinguishedsonofGenerationX(oftheparents’generationwhoworkedhard,gotjobs,andhad
goodcareersandexpectedtheirsontodothesame)haschangedintoamemberofGenerationGrunt–he
doesn’tseemtocommunicatemuch,liesaroundanddoesn’tgetajob(orcanonlydoalowstatusrouting
job).
3Ipassedtheexams,butattheinterviewstheyaccusedmeofbeing‘toodetached’andtalkingin
languagethatwas‘tootechnocratic’,whichIdidn’tthinkpossible,butobviouslyitis.(Para5)
Hepassedtheentranceexamsforagovernmentpost,buthewascriticizedintheselectioninterviews:
Theysaidhewasdetached(notpersonallyinvolved)andtootechnocratic(heusedthelanguageofa
technicalexpertorhighauthority).Asanewgraduateheprobablywantedtoshowhisexpertiseinhis
languagesohecan’tunderstandthiscriticism.
4Fortherestitis9-to-5“chilling”beforeheadingtothepub.(Para6)
Theotherswhodonothavearoutinelowstatusjob(likestackinggoodsonasupermarketshelf)chillout
allday(theyspendtheirtimecasuallyrelaxing–theydon’tlookforwork)andgotopubforadrinkinthe
evening.
5IwenttoacomprehensiveandIworkedmybacksideofftogotoagooduniversity…(Para6)
Hewenttoaschoolforstudentsofallabilities(nottoaspecialschoolforacademicstudents)andsohe
hadtoworkveryhardtoenteragooduniversity:
Yourbacksidemeansyourbottom–thepartofyour
bodythatyousiton–toworkyourbacksideoffisinformalanditmeansyouworkveryhardindeed.
6…buthavingworkedfull-timesinceleavingschoolherself,sheandherhusbandfindittrickyto
advisehimonhowtoproceed.(Para7)
Themotherhasalwayshadafull-timejob(presumablythefatherisalsoworkingfull-time),soshedoes
nothaverelevantpersonalexperience.Forher,itistrickytogiveadvice(difficulttodo).
7Carryonlifeasnormalanddon’tallowthemtoabuseyourbankaccountorsapyourreserveof
emotionalenergy.(Para11)
TheadvicefromGaelLindenfieldhereisthatparentsshouldliveasusual.Theyshouldneitherlettheirchildrenspendtheparents’moneyunnecessarily,norlettheproblemtakeawayalltheirenergyand
emotions.Saptheirreservemeansuseuptheirstoreofemotionalenergy.
8Afterthatthesonordaughterneedstobenudgedfirmlybackintothesaddle.(Para12)
Thentheparentsshouldgentlypushtheirchildrenfirmlysothattheygetbackintocontroloftheirlives.
Readingandunderstanding
2Choosethebestanswertothequestions.
Teachingtips
GooverthecorrectanswerswithSsandaskthemtoexplainwhytheotheranswersarewrong(See
below).
1Whyhasn’tJackGoodwingotajobyet?
(a)Hedoesn’thaveaverygooddegree.
(No,hehasa2:
1whichisconsideredagooddegree.)
(b)Herefusestoapplyforjobswithlowsalaries.
(Hefeelsheshouldgetabetterjobafterstudyingatuniversity.)
(c)Itisn’teasytogetajobinthecurrentfinancialclimate.
(Thismaybetruebutthepassagedoesnotmentionthis.)
(d)Hepreferstostayathomeandhelphisfamily.
(No,hedoesn’tseemtobehelpinghisfamily:
hewatchesTVandtalkstofriends.)
2Howdoeshespendatypicalday?
(a)Doingatemporaryjob.
(No,someofhisfriendsareworkingintemporaryjobsbuthedoesn’twanttodothis.)
(b)Watchingtelevision.
(HewatchesTValot.)
(c)Queuingupintheuniversitycareersservice.
(No,hewentthereoncebuthedidn’twanttoqueuesohewalkedaway.)
(d)Preparingforthenextjobinterview.
(No,hedoesn’tseemtobepreparingforinterviews.)
3Howdomostofhisfriendsspendtheday?
(a)Theydonothingalldayandgotothepubintheevening.
(Allexceptoneofthemdonothingexceptchill,thentheygotothepub.)
(b)Theydooutdooractivitiessuchassailing.
(No,noneofthemseemtodooutdooractivities;thereisnomentionofsailing.)
(c)Theyareforcedtoworkbytheirparents.
(No,onlyoneofthemhasbeenforcedouttostackshelvesbyhisparents;theothersseemtobelike
Jack.)
(d)Theydopart-timejobssuch