职称英语考试《综合类》每日一练精选及答案052416.docx

职称英语考试《综合类》每日一练精选及答案052416.docx

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职称英语考试《综合类》每日一练精选及答案052416

职称英语考试《综合类》每日一练精选及答案0524-16

1、StatusofTeachersinAmericaAtpresent,inmanyAmericancitiesespecially,manyteachersinthepublicschoolssaytheyareunderpaid.Theypointtojobssuchassecretaryortruckdriver,whichoftenpaymoretostartthanthatoftheteacher.Inmanyotherfields,suchaslaw,medicine,computerscience,abeginningworkermaymakemorethanateacherwhohastaughtforseveralyear.Teachinghasneverbeenaprofessionthatattractedpeopleinterestedinhighsalaries.Itisbyhistoryaprofessionthathasprovidedrewardsinadditiontomoney,thesatisfactionofsharingknowledge,ofinfluencingothers,ofguidingyoungpeople.Butinthepastseveralyears,therearemoredifficultiesinteaching,formany,thantherearerewards.Unrulystudents,whowouldhavechosenteachingastheirlifecareerinthepast,aregoingintootherfields.AnotherreasonforthischangeinteachercandidatesisthechangingstatusofwomenintheUnitedStates.Untilthelate1960sand1970s,oneofthemostpopularchoicesforwomenwasteaching.Butasotherprofessions,suchaslawandmedicineopeneduptowomen,womenstoppedpouringintoteachertrainingprograms.Thus,amajorpoolofexcellentcandidatesfortheteachingprofessiondwindled（减少）.Bitbybitgovernmentofficialsandothersrealizedthatthestatusoftheteacherhadsuffered.Theytalkedaboutchange.ButchangeinavastsocietyliketheUnitedStatesisnoteasy.People\'sattitudeshaveformedovermanyyears,andsometimeschangetakesmanyyears.Whichofthefollowingisnotareasonthatinfluenceswomenintheirdecisiontobecometeachers?

【单选题】

A.Howmuchincomethejobcanpay.

B.Thechangingstatusofwomen.

C.Lesshouseworkforwomentodo.

D.Moreprofessionsopeneduptowomen.

正确答案:

C

答案解析:

A选项可以在第2段中找到；B和D选项可以在第4段中找到，只有C选项没有提到。

按照常理，选择当老师不可能是由于女人家务事少，因此选C。

2、TheStateofMarriageTodayIstheresomethingseriouslywrongwithmarriagetoday?

Duringthepast50years,therateofdivorceintheUnitedStateshasexploded:

almost50%ofmarriagesendindivorcenow,andtheevidencesuggestsitisgoingtogetworse.Ifthistrendcontinues,itwillleadtothebreakupofthefamily,accordingtoaspokespersonfortheNationalFamilyAssociation.Somefuturistspredictthatin100years,theaverageAmericanwillmarryatleastfourtimesandextramaritalaffairswillbeevenmorecommonthantheyarenow.Butwhatarethereasonsforthis,andisthepicturereallysogloomy?

Theanswertothefirstquestionisreallyquitesimple:

marriageisnolongerthenecessityitoncewas.Theinstitutionofmarriagehasbeenbasedforyearspartlyoneconomicneed.Womenusedtobeeconomicallydependentontheirhusbandsastheyusuallydidn\'thavejobsoutsidethehome.Butwiththerisingnumberofwomeninwell-payingjobs,thisisnolongerthecase,sotheydon\'tfeelthattheyneedtostayinafailingmarriage.Inanswertothesecondquestion,theoutlookmaynotbeaspessimisticasitseems.Whiletherateofdivorcehasrisen,therateofcouplesmarryinghasneveractuallyfallenverymuch,somarriageisstillquitepopular.Inadditiontothis,manycouplesnowcohabitanddon\'tbothertomarry.Thesecouplesareeffectivelymarried,buttheydonotappearineitherthemarriageordivorcestatistics.Infact,morethan50%offirstmarriagessurvive.Thestatisticsaredeceptivebecausethereisahighernumberofdivorcesinsecondandthirdmarriagesthaninfirstmarriages.Soismarriagereallyanoutdatedinstitution?

Thefactthatmostpeoplestillgetmarriedindicatesthatitisn\'t.Anditisalsotruethatmarriedcoupleshaveahealthierlifethansinglepeople:

theysufferlessfromstressanditsconsequences,suchasheartproblems,andmarriedmengenerallyconsiderthemselvesmorecontentedthantheirsinglecounterparts.Perhapsthekeyistofindoutwhatmakesasuccessfulmarriageandapplyittoallofourrelationships!

Whatdoes"thisisnolongerthecase"inparagraphtwomean?

【单选题】

A.Itisnotnecessarytogetmarriedanymore.

B.Womendonotneedahusbandanylonger.

C.Womenarenoteconomicallydependantanymore.

D.Manywivesdowell-payingjobsoutsidehomenow.

正确答案:

C

答案解析:

第2段第4句、第5句说得很清楚，妇女们如今在外工作在经济上不再依赖她们的丈夫，觉得无须维持行失败的婚姻。

3、WorkingSuccessfullywithinCulturalBoundariesSoonafterstartingourjobinChina,werealizedthatthegreatestchallengewefacedwouldnotbeourday-to-dayresponsibilitiesbutacompletelyforeignworkenvironmentandculture.Wewereusedtotheverydirect,sometimesconfrontational,butmoreequalstyleofmanagementintheUnitedStates.Here,wewerefacedwiththenever-direct,never-confrontationalstyleofmanagementcommoninAsia.Weoftenhearsimilarstories.OnewomansharedherexperienceofreturningtoChinaaftermorethan15yearsintheUS.AlthoughshespentmostofherchildhoodinChina,shefeltthathercolleagues\'thinkingprocesseswerecompletelyforeigntoher.Sheneededtoadaptherselftothecultureofhercompanyonlythenwouldshebesuccessfulatherjob.Intheend,shewasn\'tabletosuccessfullyre-adaptherselftotheculture.Whatshedidn\'trealizewasthat,ratherthandisagreeingwithherideas,theydisagreedwithhermethodofimplementingthem.Forexample,insteadofrecognizinghercompany\'sstrictchain-of-command,shehadinonecasetakenherplanstraighttothecompanychairman.Thisactionconsequentlycausedhersuperiorstoloseface.ShehadunwittinglybrokenacardinalruleofChineseculture.OnemanwhospentmanyyearsoverseasbeforereturningtoChinatoheadupthelocaloperationsofamultinationalcompany,hadasimilarexperience.Inhisfirstmanagementteammeeting,hepresentedhisplansforanewdirectioninChinaoperations.Hisrequestwasmetwithanuncomfortablesilence,withnoneofthemanagersdaringtospeakup.Theyhadnotbeenpreparedforhisopenstyleofmanagement.Soonhequicklydeterminedthathisfirston-the-jobchallengewouldbetobuildupmanagers\'confidenceinhim,andthathehadtodothisindividually,notinagroup.Withinayear,theirmanagementteammeetingsweretransformedintotheinteractive,brainstormingsessionsthatheintendedthemtobe.Therefore,itwasn\'tuntilafterwehadlearnedtoappreciatethecultureofourworkplaceandearnedtheconfidenceandtrustofourinferiorsthatwewereabletomoveforwardandsuccessfullydoourjob.Wemustfirstunderstandandacceptacultureforwhatitis;onlythenwillwebeabletosuccessfullyworkwithinit.WhatarethedifferencesinstyleofmanagementintheUSAandChinaaccordingtotheauthor?

IntheUSA,itisindirectstyleofmanagement.InChina,itisdirect.IntheUSA,itisdirectstyleofmanagement.InChina,itisnever-direct.IntheUSA,itisalwaysconfrontational.InChina,itissometimesconfrontational.IntheUSA,itisequal.InChinaitisunequal.HowdidtheChinesemanagersfirstlyrespondtotheman\'smanagementstyle?

【单选题】

A.Theyallapplauded.

B.Theyalldisagreed.

C.Theyallkeptsilent.

D.Theyallshowedgreatinterest.

正确答案:

C

答案解析:

根据第4段第3句，“他的提议遇到了令人尴尬的沉默，没有一个经理敢发言”，因此答案是C。

4、TheBeginningofAmericanLiteratureAmericanhasalwaysbeenalandofbeginnings.AfterEuropeans"discovered"Americainthefifteenthcentury,themysteriousNewWorldbecameformanypeopleagenuinehopeofanewlife,anescapefrompovertyandpersecution,achancetostartagain.Wecansaythat,asnation,Americabeginswiththathope.When,however,doesAmericanliteraturebegin?

AmericanliteraturebeginswithAmericanexperiences.Longbeforethefirstcolonistsarrived,beforeChristopherColumbus,beforetheNorthmenwho"found"Americaabouttheyear1,000,NativeAmericanslivedhere.Eachtribe\'sliteraturewastightlywovenintothefabricofdailylifeandreflectedtheunmistakablyAmericanexperienceofliningwiththeland.Anotherkindofexperience,onefilledwithfearandexcitement,founditsexpressioninthereportsthatColumbusandotherexplorerssenthomeinSpain,FrenchandEnglish.Inaddition,thejournalsofthepeoplewholivedanddiedintheNewEnglandwildernesstellunforgettabletalesofhardandsometimesheartbreakingexperiencesofthoseearlyyears.Experience,then,isthekeytoearlyAmericanliterature.TheNewWorldprovidedagreatvarietyofexperiences,andtheseexperiencesdemandedawidevarietyofexpressionsbyanevenwidervarietyofearlyAmericanwriters.ThesewritersincludedJohnSmith,whospentonlytwo-and-a-halfyearsontheAmericancontinent.TheyincludedJonathanEdwardsandWilliamByrd,whothoughtofthemselvesasBritishsubjects,neversuspectingarevolutionthatwouldcreateaUnitedStatesofAmericawithaliteratureofitsown.AmericanIndians,explorers,Puritanministers,frontierwives,plantationowner-theyareallthecreatorsofthefirstAmericanliterature.Whatdoes"thathope"inthefirstparagraphreferto?

【单选题】

A.ThehopethatAmericawouldbediscovered.

B.Thehopetostartanewlife.

C.ThehopetoseethemysteriesoftheNewWorld.

D.Thehopetofindpovertyhere.

正确答案:

B

答案解析:

这里的thathope就是指上一句中的agenuinehopeofanewlife。

5、WomenStayinginMini-SkirtsforLongerBritishwomenarehappynowadaystowearmini-skirtsupuntiltheageof40,accordingtoresearchbyDebenhams.Just20yearsago,fewwomenwoulddaretowearamini-skirt.aftertheageof33,thestoresaid."Itshowsthatwomennowhaveanincreasingconfidenceintheirbodiesandarehappytodressaccordingly,"itaddedinastatement."Ifthistrendcontinues,there\'snodoubtthat,withinthenextdecade,womenintheirmid40sandearly50swillrightlyregardamini-skirtasanessentialpartoftheireverydaywardrobe."Thefigurese