Volume 27 Issue 5 Pages 299420 October.docx

Volume 27 Issue 5 Pages 299420 October.docx

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Volume27Issue5Pages299420October

Volume27,Issue5,Pages299-420（October2010）

2.Arethereusefulyardsticksofpopulationsizeandincomelevelforbuildingmetrosystems?

Someworldwideevidence  OriginalResearchArticle

Pages299-306

BeckyP.Y.Loo,AmyH.T.Cheng

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Althoughmetrosystemshavebeenrecognizedasasustainabletransportmode,theyarefinanciallyriskyinvestmentprojectsinlightofthehighcapitalandoperatingcosts.Thispaperattemptstoexaminethesocio-economicyardstickscommonlyusedforevaluatingthereadinessofcitiesinbuildingmetros,andtoanalyzehowthesesocio-economicindicatorschangedbeforeandaftertheirconstruction.Specifically,thesocio-economicindicatorsarepopulationsizeandincomelevel.Dataof60metrolinesin21citiesondifferentcontinentswerepooledfortheanalysis.Theresultssuggestthatthecommonly-adoptedpopulationyardstickisstillgenerallyapplicablebuttheincomeyardstickneedstobechanged.Afteranalyzingthepopulationandincomechangesforthe10-yearperiodsbeforeandaftertheopeningofthemetrolines,itwasfoundthatthebuildingofmetroswasusuallyprecededbyaperiodofsustainedhighpopulationandincomegrowth.However,theratesofpopulationandincomegrowthwouldtendtodecreaseafterthecompletionofthemetros.

3.MeasuringtheurbancompetitivenessofChinesecitiesin2000  OriginalResearchArticle

Pages307-314

YihongJiang,JianfaShen

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Previousstudieshaveunderstoodurbancompetitivenessmainlyfromaneconomicperspective.Drawingoninsightsfromrecentdebatesonurbangovernancethatargueforsustainabledevelopment,thisstudyemploysamorebalancedviewthattakesintoaccounttheeconomic,social,andenvironmentaldimensionsofurbancompetitiveness.Afour-levelhierarchicalindicatorsystemisusedtoexaminethecompetitivenessof253Chinesecitiesattheprefectureleveloraboveintheyear2000.Theresultsshowthatmostofthetop20citiesareintheeasternpartofChinaandhavepopulationsover0.5million.Thebottom20citiesarelocatedprimarilyinthewesternpartofChinaandhavesmallerpopulationsthatrangefrom0.2to0.5million.In2000thecitywiththetopeconomiccompetitivenesswasShanghai,thetopsocialcompetitivenesswasBeijing,andthetopenvironmentalcompetitivenesswasZhuhai.Agivencitydoesnotnecessarilyrankthesameineconomic,social,andenvironmentalcompetitiveness,butmayperformwellindifferentways.Thepaperarguesthat,inordertosustainurbancompetitiveness,acityshouldachievenotonlygoodeconomicperformance,butalsosatisfactorysocialandenvironmentaldevelopment.

4.Tracesonthepalimpsest:

HeritageandtheurbanformsofAthensandAlexandria  OriginalResearchArticle

Pages315-325

LunaKhirfan

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ThispapercomparesfourlayersoftheurbanformofAthensinGreeceandAlexandriainEgyptandusesthepalimpsestanalogyandamethodologythatcombinestownplananalysisandGIStoinvestigatetheinteractionsbetweenthesymbolicsignificanceofheritage,urbanform,andthedistinctivespiritofplace.Theanalysesrevealthatthespiritofplaceremainsconstantastheurbanformisreshaped.Theyalsorevealthatreinterpretationsofthesymbolicsignificanceoftangibleandintangibleheritage,combinedwithinnovativedesignsandurbanrituals,transformtheemergingurbanformintoacontemporarycosmicone.

5.HowsuitableisLRforrenewalofinnercityareas?

AnanalysisforTurkey  OriginalResearchArticle

Pages326-336

SevkiyeSenceTurk,WillemK.KorthalsAltes

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Thelandreadjustment（LR）methodhasbeencomparedtotraditionalurbanrenewalmodels’substantialpotentialinfulfillingspecificfunctions,e.g.,landassembly,self-finance,theprotectionofsocialcapital,andresultsinacertaintime.However,thereislimitedinformationontheuseofLRinurbanrenewalareas.Forexample,itisnotknownhowsuitableLRisforrenewalofinnercityareasorwhetherLRcanbearemedytotheproblemsinurbanrenewal.ThispaperanswersthesequestionsbyfocusingonTurkey.Thepaperisbasedondiscussionandcomparisonoftheexistingapproachesinfulfillingspecificfunctionsinurbanrenewal,andthecompatibilityandcontributionofLRtotheframework.Theresultrevealsthataprivateinitiative（landownerassociationsorcooperatives）LRmodelcanbeasuitableinstrumentforurbanrenewalinTurkey.

6.The“Xochimilcomodel”formanagingirregularsettlementsinconservationlandinMexicoCity  OriginalResearchArticle

Pages337-347

JillWigle

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MexicoCityhaslongbeenknownasoneoftheworld’slargestmega-cities.Although,thecity’sgrowthrateshaveslowedsincethe1980s,thisprocessisnotmanifestedevenlyinspatialterms.Peripheralmunicipalitiescontinuetogrowathigherrates,includingthosemunicipalitiesinthesouthernpartoftheFederalDistrictthatcontainitsremainingconservationland.Thisgrowthislargely,butnotexclusively,drivenbytheongoingsearchforhousingamonglower-incomehouseholdsintheformofirregularsettlement.Overtime,thisincrementalpatternofsettlementexpansionhasfragmentedconservationlandandimpaireditsecologicalfunctioning.GiventheirroleinlanduseplanningwiththereintroductionofelectedlocalgovernmentsintheFederalDistrictin1997,thissituationhasplacedmunicipalitiesquiteliterallyatthe“frontlines”ofthisplanningandsustainabilitychallenge.ThispaperexaminestheapproachformanaginglanduseregularizationprocessesrelatedtoirregularsettlementinconservationlandadoptedbythemunicipalityofXochimilcoinits2005urbandevelopmentplan,withreferencetotheexperienceofaspecificcasestudycommunity.Basedonaseriesofinterviewswithresidentsandplanningofficials,thepaperdocumentsthehighly-negotiatednatureof“normative”planningthatfocusesonmitigatingtheimpactofsettlementintheconservationzoneratherthanstoppingitcompletely.Giventheenormoussocialpressurestoaccesslandforhousing,thepaperconcludesthatrealisticeffortstopreservetheremainingconservationlandmustinvolveamorecomprehensiveapproachthatbetterintegratesenvironmentalandsocialequityissueswithinandamongmunicipalandupper-levelsofgovernment.

7.UrbanidentitypoliciesinBerlin:

FromcriticalreconstructiontoreconstructingtheWall  OriginalResearchArticle

Pages348-357

AlexanderTölle

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AfterthefalloftheIronCurtain,theEast-CentralEuropeancitieshadtore-inventthemselvestoquicklyadapttoaglobalisingworld.Urbanidentityproductionpolicieswereusuallygearedtoconnecttoachosenpre-socialist“GoldenAge”,ignoringthesocialistpastasasimpledisturbanceofa“normal”developmentpath.Thisstorythecitiesweretotell,however,frequentlyconflictedwiththesocio-economicrealitiesofaratherunsmoothtransformationprocess,makingthesocialistpastpartoftheurbanidentity.InthecaseofBerlin,apost-socialistandatthesametimeapost-western-strongholdcity,urbanidentityproductionisboundtobemorecomplicatedthananywhereelse.Afterthefailureofthepolicyto“criticallyreconstruct”thecosmopolitanmetropolisofthe1920sandthuserasingthepastofthedividedcity,policiesdevelopedintherun-uptothe20thanniversaryofthefalloftheWallaimatturningtheColdWarpastintoacentralelementofthestorythatistosupportitsurbanidentity,notablyleadingtothecomprehensivere-emergenceoftheBerlinWallinthecityscape.Thispolicy–unmatchedinotherEast-CentralEuropeancities–hasitsoriginsinahistoricstruggleforidentity,leadingtothequestionableattempttomake“change”themainstoryBerlinistotell.Thisthemehowever–inconjunctionwiththereconstructedWallasimagebrand–mayfallshortofcreatinganurbanidentityacceptedbylargepopulationparts.

8.FactorsgeneratingboardingsatMetrostationsintheSeoulmetropolitanarea  OriginalResearchArticle

Pages358-368

KeeminSohn,HyunjinShim

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ThisstudyisaninvestigationintothefactorsaffectingMetrodemandatastationlevel.ThesefactorswereexaminedintheSeoulmetropolitanarea,whichisoneofthemostdenselypopulatedregionsintheworld.Aregressionanalysiswasconductedwithweeklyaverageofstationboardingsasthedependentvariable.Twenty-fourindependentvariableswerechosenbasedoninsightsandfindingsfrompreviousstudies.Theywerecategorizedintothreegroup