高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练新人教版选修8.docx

高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练新人教版选修8.docx

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高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练新人教版选修8

核心词汇梳理并重点训练

选修8

Unit1Alandofdiversity

means,majority,percentage,occur,makealife,keepup,takein,agreat/goodmany

1.meansn.手段；方法

bythismeans用这种方法

bymeansof通过；用；借助于

bynomeans决不；一点也不（放在句首时，句子用部分倒装语序）

byallmeans务必、不惜一切地；（用于交际英语表示同意）当然可以，没问题

eg:

Todayanairshipisusedasmeansofadvertising.

Theburglarsenteredthehousebymeansofaladder.

Bynomeansisthisthefirsttimeyouhavebeenlate.

注：

means作为一个单复数同形的名词，常与主谓一致结合起来进行考查；要注意，means作主语时，前有several,some,many,few,all等修饰语时，谓语用复数。

way多与in连用，构成in…way

method多与with连用，构成with…method

means多与by连用，构成by…means

approach多与to连用，构成approachto…

2.majorityn.大多数；大半

ina/themajority占大多数

getamajority获得多数票

haveamajorityoversb获得多于某人的票数；战胜某人

by/withamajorityof以大多数…赢得…

minorityn.少数

intheminority占少数

eg:

Hewontheseatwithamajorityof71votes.

Amajorityofpeoplebelievesmokingisharmfultohealth.

Themajorityofloneparentsaredivorcedorseparatedwomen.

注：

单独用作主语，谓语动词用单数、复数均可。

Themajoritywere/wasagainsttheplan.

单独用作主语，如果后面的表语是复数，那么谓语动词也用复数。

Themajoritywhoattendedthemeetingyesterdayarestudents.

复数名词+复数谓语动词

Themajorityof

不可数名词+单数谓语动词

Themajorityofthedamageiseasytorepair.

3.percentagen.百分比；百分率

percentage“百分比，百分率”，其前不用具体的数字修饰，可以被high，low等形容词修饰。

percent“百分之…”，相当于“%”，其前面往往用具体数字修饰。

“apercentageof+n.”在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数视名词的单复数而定。

eg:

Theunemploymentpercentagekeepsrisingintherecentfinancialcrisis.

Californiaisastatewithahighpercentageofimmigrants.

OverninetypercentofmyclassmateshaveanEnglishdictionary.

4.occurvi.发生；出现

occurtosb发生在某人身上

itoccurstosbtodosth某人想起做某事

sthoccurstosb

sthstrikessb

sthcomestosb某人突然想起…

Itoccurstosbthat-clause

Itstrikessbthat-clause

eg:

Itoccurredtometovisitmyparents.

Itoccurredtoherthatshemightadoptahomelesschild.

Iwasgoingalongthestreetlookingforaplacetoparkwhentheaccidentoccurred.

5.makealife习惯于新的生活方式、工作等

cometolife突然苏醒；突然开始工作；突然变得活跃

live/leada…life过着…生活

comebacktolife苏醒过来；恢复生气

bring…backtolife使…苏醒过来

fulloflife充满生气

forlife终生；一生；终身

startanewlife开始新生活

tothelife栩栩如生；逼真

make/earna/one’sliving谋生

eg:

TheywenttotheWestanddecidedtomakealifethere.

Tooursurprise,hecametolifesoon.

Therescueteambroughtthebabybacktolife.

6.keepup坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）

keep（on）doingsth继续、重复做某事

keepsthup使某物保持在高水平

keepsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事

keepon继续

keepoutof…不进入（某处），留在外边

keeptosth遵守；信守

keepupwith…跟上…；与…同步前进

eg:

Ihopethefineweatherwillkeepup.

Policewarnedbystanderstokeepawayfromtheblazingbuilding.

Shekeptonworkingalthoughshewastired.

Thingswillonlyworkoutifweallkeeptotheplan.

7.takein包括；吸收；理解；欺骗

takeaway拿走；使离开；消除（病痛等）

takedown记下来；拆掉

takefor（错）当做；（误）以为

takeoff起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功

takeon呈现；雇用

takeover接收；接管；取代

takeup占去，占据；开始；从事

eg:

HecertainlytookusinwithhisstoriesabouthisexperiencesinMexico.

Thiskindofclothtakesinwatereasily.

LearningEnglishtakesupalotofmytime.

8.agreat/goodmany许多；很多

many

agreatmany+可数名词的复数

agoodmany+复数谓语

agood/largenumberof

much

agood/greatdealof+不可数名词+单数谓语

alargeamountof

alotof可数名词的复数+复数谓语

lotsof+

plentyof不可数名词+单数谓语

largeamountsof+不可数名词+复数谓语

quantitiesof+可数名词的复数/不可数名词+复数谓语

amassof+可数名词的复数/不可数名词+单数谓语

massesof+可数名词的复数/不可数名词+复数谓语

eg:

Tomfoundthattherewereagreat/goodmanypeoplealreadythere.

Itseemsthatagreat/goodmanyofthemareoutofworknow.

Agreatmanyoftheflowerswerewhite.

注：

agood/greatmany后接复数名词，但agood/greatmany后接of时，必须加限定词，如these/those/the/one’s等，然后再加名词复数。

9.Thatiswhytodayover40%ofCaliforniansspeakSpanishasafirstorsecondlanguage.

句中的why引导的为表语从句，注意以下句式区别。

That’swhy…这就是为什么…（why从句表示结果）

That’sbecause…这是因为…（because从句表示原因）

Thereasonwhy…is/wasthat……的原因是…（表语从句常用that引导，而不用because）

eg:

Tomcamelateforthemeeting.Thatwasbecausehewasill.

Tomwasill.Thatwaswhyhecamelateforthemeeting.

ThereasonwhyTomcamelateforthemeetingwasthathewasill.

练习：

1.---Doyouthinkweshouldputanadinthepaperforthelostchild?

---Yes,.

A.that’sallrightB.byallmeans

C.itjustdependsD.nevermind

2.Themajorityofthestudentsinhisclassfortheplan.

A.isB.areC.isgoingtoD.will

3.Alargeofthehotel’sincomefromthevisitorstothelakenearby.

A.percentage;areB.percentage;is

C.percent;areD.percent;is

4.---Howdiditthatyoumadesomanymistakesinyourhomework?

---Imyselfhaven’tfigureditouryet.

A.bringaboutB.comeabout

C.comeacrossD.occurto

5.Hasiteveryouthatthisoldbookmightbevaluable?

A.occurredB.occurredtoC.struc