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版高考英语作文系列4说明文图表类学生版章杰文
精锐教育学科教师辅导教案
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课程主题:
高考英语作文系列4-图表类说明文
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学习目标
教学内容
高考英语图表类说明文写作
一.题型简介:
看图作文是借助于图画或图表进行写作的一种文体。
它要求作者将画面直观的内容或图片包含的信息转换成传神表意的文字形式,属于说明文性质。
其目的是考察考生的观察分析能力、想象力和语言表达能力。
作文的命题模式基本如下:
给出标题、图画或图表、写作提纲、半小时内写出一篇120-180字左右的评论性文章。
看图作文要求:
(1)主题明确,即能概括画面或图表所反映的中心议题;
(2)图文一致,即要包括画面或图表中所反映的主要内容。
二.写作方法:
1.审题
图画作文实质上就是描述、分析并评论一幅(或一组)图所反映的社会现象。
对图画进行描述时,一般以被观察者为对象,联系图片中所包含的背景、插入的文字等,揣摩作者的绘画意图,以观众的口吻进行解说。
如果看的是一组图画,就得按照图示的顺序,对画面上的内容进行整体分析,去除细枝末节,分清主次,抓住图画后隐藏的中心意思进行解说。
切莫象记流水帐一样把所看到的、想到的细节全部写出来,这只会使读者感到乏味无趣。
想象你自己就是这位画家,在画这副画之前,你首先要构思画的内容;其次是构思作画的步骤,先画什么,后画什么;然后将你的构思用文字叙述出来,你对该图画的描述就完成了。
2大体框架(具体按照写作要求进行调整):
1)第一段主要是描述图画中的信息和表达的含义。
2)第二段的全文的重点,一般都是要求具体分析图画中暗含的社会现象。
3)第三段的要求一般视具体的试题而定,有的要求给出自己的评论、有的要求举例、有的要求考生提出自己的建议以及针对现象应该采取的措施。
Tips:
第二段和第三段的开头最好写一个主题句,既可以防止离题,又符合英文写作的习惯。
3基本结构(具体按照写作要求进行调整)
第一段:
引言/起始/淘金段,图画描述,3-4句
1.总体描述:
人物/动物/事物+动作+环境1句
2.挖掘细节词、串连成句:
1-2句
3.文字说明/象征寓意:
1句
第二段:
主体段,意义阐释,5句
1.主题句:
象征寓意,1句
2.论证:
3句
1)因果论证
2)举例论证
3)联系现实:
图画作文创作原则(以小见大,把握象征寓意,个体想为群体,具体想为抽象)
4)正反论证
3.小结:
概括论证,总结本段1句
第三段:
结论段,建议措施,4句
1.结论句:
1句
2.针对双方提建议:
2句
3.包装结尾、展望未来:
1句
•Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.
•Itishightimethatwesolvedthisproblem.
【例题精讲】2002年上海高考,Directions:
WriteanEnglishcompositioninover120wordsbasedonthepictureandtheinstructionsgivenbelow.简要描述图片内容,结合生活实际,就图片的主题谈谈自己的感想。
写作步骤:
1.仔细审题:
把握图片的要素--女孩,父母,奶奶,自行车,医药箱,流汗,联系这些要素可知图片信息是围绕父母教孩子学骑自行车这一内容展开,通过图片中的人物行为和表情肢体动作的补充可以进一步挖掘出主题是围绕--教育,过度保护。
同时题目要求联系生活实际,谈谈感想,可知主要以描述和议论为主的文章。
2.确定结构:
1)第一段概括图片中的要素,理清描述对象和内容,通过细节的补充引出要讨论的主题。
2)第二段联系实际,对该现象进行讨论,可以包括原因,影响。
3)第三段提出建议或倡议,表达愿景。
【参考范文】
Duetotheone-childpolicyinChina,mostfamilieshaveonlyonechildandthereforethischildisregardedasthetreasureofthewholeworldfamily.Boththeparentsandgrandparentsusuallyoverindulgethechild.
Wecanseeinthepicture,whenachildislearningtorideabicycle,theparentsandthegrandmaaresweatingfromrunningalongsidethebikeandtryingtheirbesttoprotectthechildforfearthatsheshouldfallandhurtherself.
Weallknowthegreatestgloryconsistsnotinneverfalling,butinrisingeverytimewefall.SoIthink,fortheparents,theyshouldbeawareofthenegativeeffecttoomuchpamperinghasontheirchild.Undertheparents’protection,thechildknowsonlycomfortandease.Iftheydon’tlearnhowtoliveindependently,howcantheycopewiththeadversitieswhichtheywillmeetinthefuture?
Forthechildren,theyshouldlettheirparentsknowthattheyhaveconfidenceinthemselvesandareabletoexistinthecompetitivecommunitywithouttheconstantwatchfuleyeofaneagerparent.
Thepathtosuccessisfilledwithvariouskindsofdifficultiesandobstacles.Onlywhenwehavelearnedtostandonourowntwofeet,canwesurviveinthe21stcentury.
1.图画描述---首段写法
首句总体描述图画,点出人物、动作和环境;
次句挖掘细节词、串连成句,将图中细节一网打尽;
末句点出文字说明或象征寓意。
可以发表议论,最好不要太多。
描述图画的形容词
•_____________________发人深省的
•_____________________有启迪作用/使人感悟的
•__________________________________________引人注目/引起兴趣
•_____________________含义深刻=has/havefar-reachingimplications
•_______________有益的(=informative)(搭配ADV:
extremely,highly,most,particularly,very/quite)
•_____________________令人发笑的,_____________________荒谬可笑的
•_____________________(particularlyrevealingorhelpful)富有启发性的;很有助益的;
•_____________________印象深刻的,_____________________夸张的
•_____________________有效的,生动的,明显的(a____________argument)有理的论据
修饰动词的副词:
•_____________________生动地
•_____________________象征性地
•_____________________清晰地
•_____________________巧妙地,精细地
写第一段套话的三种思路
第一段的思路1:
(适合基础弱的考生)
①全套②半套+描述1③半套+描述2 ④全套
例:
①Whatacompellingandthought-provokingdrawingitis!
②Asisvividlydepictedinthecartoonabove,描述1.③Whatimpressesmemostisthat(=Themoststrikingfeatureofthedrawingisthat)描述2(图画重点信息).④Simpleastheimageis,theimplicationsmirroredareapparently(conspicuously)far-reaching.
第一段的思路2:
(适合基础好的考生)
①半套+描述1 ②半套+描述2
•例:
①Thecartoonsubtly(巧妙地)andsymbolically(象征性地)depictsathought-provokingscenario(场景)inwhich描述1.②Furtherexamination(查阅)revealsthat描述2./However,aquickglanceat___revealsironicallythat描述2.
第一段的思路3:
(折衷)
①半套+描述1 ②半套+描述2 ③全套
例:
①Asisvividlydepictedinthepicture,描述1.②Themoststrikingfeatureis描述2(图画重点信息).③Thereisnodoubtthatitssymbolicmeaningsubtlyconveyedshouldbegivendeepconsideration.
可供参考的替换句型:
•Asisvividlydepictedinthecartoonabove,描述1.
•Whatisconspicuously/clearlyillustrated/presented/portrayed/describedinthedrawingaboveisthat(描述图画).
•Thecartoondepictsavividsceneinwhich=Where+(描写图画的一句话)…
•Thesatirical(讽刺性的)sketchgraphically(生动的)portrays/depictsasceneinwhich+句子(一般用于总写)
•Itisgraphically/symbolically/explicitly/vividlyillustrated/demonstratedinthe_图_that+同上
•Whatimpressesmemostisthat(=Themoststrikingfeatureofthedrawingisthat)描述2(图画重点信息).
•Themoststriking(引人注目的)feature(特点)ofthedrawingis(thefact)that____.
•Whatmakesthedrawingstriking/intriguing/compellingisthefactthat_________.
•Uncomplicatedasthepictureis,thesymbolicmeaning(impliedmeaning)(寓意)isasdeepasocean(profound).
•Givenitsprofoundsocialimplication,thethought-provokingphenomenoniswellworthourendeavortoexplore.
有鉴于它深刻的社会寓意,该引人深思现象非常值得我们努力去探究。
•Thereisnodoubtthatitssymbolicmeaningsubtly(巧妙的)conveyedshouldbegivendeepconsideration.(应关注图画所表达的寓意)
•Simpleastheimageseemstobe,theintended/impliedmeaninggoesfardeeper.
(尽管图画很简单,但其寓意却是非常深奥的)
•Undoubtedly/Unquestionably/Indisputably/Incontrovertibly,_____.
2.图片/图表全文模板:
1.主题背景mayexertagreatimpactonourlives.背景句,asisvividlydescribedinthepicture.Thepicturedisplaysaveryspecialscene,描述图片现象.Whatdoesthepicturewanttotellus?
Actually,thisdrawingshowsusasocialphenomenonthat说明图片含义.Remarkably,thissortofphenomenonbecomesthenorminoursociety,whichcanbeseenalmosteverywhere.
2.Toputanendtothisunfavorablephenomenon,inmymind,itcallsfortheeffortsfromallsides.Thefollowingwayscanbeadoptedtoadvocatethissocialphenomenon.Tobeginwith,原因1mightberesponsibleforthissocialphenomenon.Acaseinpointisthat实例1.Thesecondreasonisthat原因2.Forinstance,实例2.Thirdly,原因3.
3.Frommyperspective,onlywhenallofusjoinintheeffortsatalllevelscanweexpectto...properly.Onthemacrolevel,解决方法1.Onthemicrolevel,解决方法2.Inthemeantime/Meanwhile/Simultaneously,Ipersonallybelievethattheauthorityandmassmedianeedtoassumethisresponsibility.
【作文赏析】
对比下列范文,找出各自的优缺点并进行赏析
VI.GuidedWriting2016-2017一模Three【黄浦区】
Directions:
WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.
请简单描绘图片内容,并用你生活中的一个经历来具体说明。
你的文章必须包括:
1)对图片的简单描述;
2)对个人经历的具体描写;
3)你当时的感受或想法。
【参考范文】
Educationexpertsbelievethatthechild'sbehaviorinappropriateintervention,notonlyboundthechild'scuriosity,andwoulddiscouragethechild'sself-confidence,haveanadverseimpactontheformationofachild'sintellectualdevelopmentandpersonality.
Intheprocessoffamilyeducation,theparentsdonotdeliberatelyconstrainedchild,thechildmanagedmoreclosely,thegreaterthepressureonthechild.BabaMaMashouldplaytohelpchildren,enlightenchildren,encouragechildrentoroleKidsfun,delicious,rude,self-willed,areconsiderednormalbehavior,iftheparentssothechildseverelytubeCambodia,barelychildcompliancewiththerulesoftenhaveadverseconsequences.
Eachpairofyoungparentsintheirchild'sbodywillbeentrustedwiththegoodexpectations,complete"gowiththeflow"isimpossible,anditisinsincere,ofcoursewecannotescape.
Childrenoftendonothavetheabilitytorequestandadultshadadifferentlife,hadtoaccommodateanadultenvironment,whichisimperceptiblyintoasmalladulteducation,sothatthesechildrenacceptable,obediencetoparents,perhapsthisisnottroublesomechildisthatmanyparentsmind,"goodboy."Butlastlong,butittookachildinnocentnature,causethechildweak,dependentpersonality,creativityisnotconducivetochildrentoplay.
Shouldparentsplantheirchildren'sleisuretimecarefully?
Orshouldtheylettheirchildrendecideforthemselveshowtospendtheirfreetime?
beforeansweringthesetwoquestions,weshouldfirstofallaskanotherquestion:
dochildrenknowhowtoplantospendtheirfreetime?
Theanswertothisquestionisboth"yes"and"no".Ourcommonsensetellsusthatsomechildrenspendtheirfreetimeinaplannedwaywhilesomeothers,especiallytheyoungerones,justplayastheylikewithoutanyplanatall.
Theaboveanswerleadstothreemorerelevantquestionsaboutthosechildrenwhoknowhowtoplantheirleisuretime:
Howhavetheyobtainedtheability?
Istheabilityinnate?
Oristheabilitylearnt?
Ourobservationstellusthatthisabilityisnotbornbutlearnedfromothers---theirparents,teachers,otheradults,orotherchildren.
Withthesequestionssettled,theanswertothefirsttwoquestionsshouldbeveryclear.Parentsshouldnotgivetheirchildrenafreehandatthebeginning.Instead,theyshouldplantheirchildren’sleisuretimecarefully,makingsurethattheirchildrenunderstandwhytheyshouldhaveaplan.Inthisway,thechildrenwillgraduallyformahabitofmakingplansandknowhowtomakeagoodplan.Then,wecansaythesechildrenknowhowtospendtheirleisuretime.
Whenchildrenalreadyknowhowtospendtheirfreetime,theywillnotneedanylongerfortheparentstoplanforthem.Themosttheycandoistokeepaneyeontheirchildren'sactivitiesandgivesomeguidanceoradvicewhennecessary.For