英语母及母组合的发音规则.docx
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英语母及母组合的发音规则
英语字母及字母组合的发音规则
一、元音字母在重读音节中的读音
元音字母读音例词
a在开音节中[ei]nameplaneJanebabycake
在闭音节中[?
]bagdadhatmapblackback
e在开音节中[i:
]hethesemeChinese
在闭音节中[e]bedletpendeskyesegg
i在开音节中[ai]bikeflydrivetimenicekite
在闭音节中fishbigdrinksitmilkswim
o在开音节中[ou]thoseclosegohoehomeno
在闭音节中[?
]clocknotboxshopsock
u在开音节中[ju:
]studentexcusedutyTuesday
在闭音节中[∧]buscupjumpmuchlunch
在开音节中，元音字母u在辅音字母jlrs后面时读[u:
]音，例如：
Junebluerulersuper
二、元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音
元音字母读音例词
a在[w]音后面[?
]wantwhatwatchwashquality
a在fnskphspssstth前[α:
]afterplantgraphaskgraspglassfastfather
i在-nd-ld和gh前[ai]findchildlighthigh
o在-st-ld前[ou]mostpostcardoldcold
o在mnvth前[∧]comemonkeylovemother
三、元音字母在非重读音节中的读音
元音字母读音例词
a[?
]Chinaanotherwomanbreakfast
[i]orangecomradevillagecabbage
e[?
]hundredstudentopenweekend
[i]chickenpocketbeginchildren
i[?
]/holidaybeautifulfamilyanimal
[ai]exercisesatellite
o[?
]secondtonightsomebodywelcome
[?
u]alsozerophoto
u[?
]autumndifficult
[ju:
]popularcongratulationJanuary
动词中的a如果处在开音节位置，a读[ei]音，例如：
operate
u处在开音节位置，又在辅音字母jlrs后面时，读[u（:
）]音，例如：
JulyinfluenceFebruaryissue
在非重读音节中，许多单词中的元音字母aei即可以读作[?
]音，也可以读作[i]音。
四、-r音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合读音例词
ar[α:
]carfarmdarksharpener
在[w]音后面[?
:
]warmquartertowards
or[?
:
]fortymorningshort
在[w]音后面[?
:
]wordworkerworse
erirur[?
:
]certainlybirdThursday
辅音字母r双写时，前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。
例如：
carrysorryhurry
-r音节在非重读音节中通常读[?
]音，例如：
dollarteacherforgetSaturday
五、-re音节元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合读音例词
are[?
?
]caredarehare
[i?
]ereheremere
ire[ai?
]firehirewire
ore[?
:
]morescorebefore
ure[ju?
]purecure
areereireore很少出现在非重读音节中，ure在非重读音节中读[?
]音，例如：
picturepleasure
重读元音字母加r，再加非重读元字组时，重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读，字母r读[r]音。
例如：
parentzerostoryduringinspiring
某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。
例如：
orangeveryAmericanparagraph
六、元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音
元音字母组合读音例词
ai/ay[ei]afraidrainwaitdayplay
air[?
?
]airhairchairpairrepair
al在fm前[?
]smallballtalkwallall
[?
:
l]alwaysalsosaltalmost
[α:
]halfcalm
au/aw[?
:
]autumndaughterdraw
ea[i:
]teacheasycheapplease
[e]heavybreadsweaterweather
[ei]breakgreat
ear[i?
]heardearnearclearyear
[?
?
]bearpearwearswear
[?
:
]earthlearnearly
ee[i:
]jeepweekgreenthree
eer[i?
]pioneerdeerbeer
ei/ey[ei]eightneighbourthey
[i:
]eitherkey
eu/ew在jlrs后[ju:
]newfewnewspaper
[u:
]flewbrewjewelry
ie/ei[s]音之后[i:
]piecefieldreceive
oa[ou]coatJoanboatgoal
oar/oor[C:
]roarboarddoorfloor
oi/oy[Ci]noisepointboytoilet
oo[u:
]broomfoodtoothschool
booklookcookfootgood
ou/ow[au]flowerhousecountdown
[ou]knowrowthrowthough
[∧]youngcountryenough
[u:
]groupyousoup
our[C:
]courseyourfour
[auE]ourhourours
[E:
]journey
ui在jlrs后[ju:
i]fluidsuicidetuition
[u:
]juicefruitsuit
七、非重读音节中元音字母组合和字群的读音
元音字母组合或字群读音例词
ai/ayei/eySundayforeignmonkey
ow[ou]yellowsparrowtomorrow
元音字组在非重读音节中读[E]音或。
例如:
neighbourseriousfamousbiscuitcoffee
-sion-tion[Fn]impressionnation
-sion在元音字母后[Vn]visiondecisionoccasion
-tion在s后[tFEn]questionsuggestion
-sten[sn]listen
-stle[sl]whistle
-sure[VE]pleasuremeasure
-ture[tFE]pictureculture
八、元音字母组合在复合词非重读音节中的读音
复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号，但其中的元音字母或元音字母组合仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。
例如：
everyday[ei]handbag[?
]blackboard[C:
]
有些词随着语言的发展，前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义，融合成为一个词。
其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。
例如：
sun太阳+day[ei]日子＞Sunday星期天holy神圣+day[ei]日子＞holiday假日break中断+fast[α:
]斋戒＞breakfast[E]早餐cup茶杯+board木板[C:
]＞cupboard[E]碗柜
九、辅音字母组合的读音
辅音字母组合读音例词
bbikebusbag
[/]bombtomb
cc在e前或在i/y前[k]cakepicturecoatmusic
[s]facedecidecinema
ch[tF]muchchickrichteacher
[k]schoolheadachechemistry
[F]machine
-ck[k]cockpocketblackknock
d[d]doctorbreadhandday
-dge[dV]bridgefridge
dr-[dr]childrendriverdrink
f[f]fivefourbreakfast
gg在ei/y前[^]baggardengo
[dV]orangelargeGerman
gh[f]coughenough
[/]lightdaughterhigh
gu--guegu在非重读音节中[^]guessleaguedialogue
[^w]languageanguish
h[h]hotheadhousehand
[/]hourhonest
j[dV]jeepjarjokejoinJuly
k[k]kindbikeskatemakeweek
kn-[n]knifeknowknock
l[l]lifemilkschooltall
m[m]monkeycomeautumn
-mn[m]autumncolumnsolemn
nn在[k][g]音前[n]notshinetennote
[N]unclethankhungry
-ng[N]morningyoungwrong
p[p]paperplanepigshippen
ph[f]elephantphototelephone
q[k]Iraq
qu-[kw]qualityquite
r[r]redrubberruler
s在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前[s]sitsleepdesk
[z]musichusband
sc-[sk]scarlet
[s]musclescience
sh[F]shefishshirtwash
t在通常情况下在弱读字母iaieio前[t]tenlettermeet
[F]patientnation
tch[tF]watch
th在通常情况下在冠词代词介词连词中在词尾-the-ther中[θ]thinthirtymethod
[T]thethesewiththan
[T]clothefatherweather
tr-[tr]treetraincountrytruck
v[v]veryvoiceloveleave
w[w]weekwinwakesweetwait
[/]Answertwo
wh-wh-在字母o前[w]whatwhenwhitewhy
[h]whowhosewhole
x在重读元音前[ks]boxtextexercise
[gz]exampleexistexact
wr-[r]write
y-[j]yesyardyellowyoung
z[z]puzzlezerozoo
国际音标元音发音一览表
重读闭音节
重读开音节
非重读音节
R音节
字母组合
a
[?
]bagcatjammaphappysadbackfacthandpan
[ei]cakedatefacegamepaperladymistake
[i]bandageclimatepalacevillagemassage
[?
]aboutCanadaChinawomansofaaddress
[ɑ:
]armcardarkfarmgardenyardparkmarket
ai（ay）-[ei]aimfailmaylay
au-[?
:
]faultpausecause
aw-[?
:
]drawhawklawyer
air-[?
?
]chairfairhairpair
are-[?
?
]caredaresharespare
e
[e]beddeskgetleglessonmessageneckpenrestsendten
[i:
]evenfeverhemetreshethese
[i]beforecollagecinemadecideenjoyjacket
[?
]gardenlicenceopensilentexcellenttravel
[?
:
]nerveserveterm
（重）assertcertainher
[?
]dinnerorderfarmer
（非）concertperhaps
ee-[i:
]beefdeepfreegreen
ea-[e]breaddeadheadready
-[i:
]beatcheapeachleaf
ei-[ei]reinveinveil
-[i:
]ceilingseize
i（y）
[i]bigfishgiftmilkpickrichanycopyenemy
[ɑi]bikenineshinetimesilenttitlecryflymyskystyle
[i]animalEnglishfamilymistakecapital
[?
:
]birdfirstgirldirty
[?
]affirmationtapir
ie-[i:
]chieffieldpiecethief
igh-[ɑi]beightrightlighthigh
o
[?
]boxcockdogfoxjobonshopwrong
[?
u]gonocodehopenoterosesmokevote
[?
]memoryobeytodayconsiderbalcony
[?
:
]forhorsenorthshortsportmorning
[?
]actordoctorforgetmirrorcomfort
ou-[ɑu]aboutcloudfound
-[?
u]mouldshouldersoul
-[u:
]grouproutesoup
ow-[ɑu]cowdownflower
-[?
u]bowlflowknow
oi-[?
i]boilchoicecoinsoil
oo-[u:
]bootfoodmoonzoo
-[u]bookcookfootgood
[?
]comesomemoneynonetoncoverglovelovemotherother
u
[?
]brushclubdustfungunjustsun
[u]bushfullpullpush
[ju:
]dutyexcusefuturehugepupiluse
[?
]autumncolumninjuryindustrysupport
[?
:
]burnchurchhurt
[?
]murmurpursue
surpriseSaturday
ui-[u:
]juicefruitcruise
-[ju:
]suitsuitablesuitcase
uy-[ai]buyguy
ure-[ju?
]curepuresecure
-[u?
]assureinsuresure
国际音标元音发音一览表
重读闭音节
重读开音节
非重读音节
R音节
字母组合
a
[?
]bagcatjammaphappysadbackfacthandpan
[ei]cakedatefacegamepaperladymistake
[i]bandageclimatepalacevillage?
massage
[?
]aboutCanadaChinawoman?
sofa?
address
[ɑ:
]armcardarkfarmgardenyardparkmarket
ai（ay）-[ei]aimfailmaylay
au-[?
:
]faultpausecause
aw-[?
:
]drawhawklawyer
air-[?
?
]chairfairhairpair
are-[?
?
]caredaresharespare
e
[e]beddeskgetleglessonmessageneckpenrestsendten
[i:
]evenfeverhemetreshethese
[i]beforecollagecinemadecideenjoyjacket
[?
]gardenlicenceopensilentexcellenttravel
[?
:
]?
nerveserveterm
（重）?
assertcertainher
[?
]?
dinnerorderfarmer
（非）?
concert?
perhaps
ee-[i:
]beefdeepfreegreen
ea-[e]breaddeadheadready
?
-[i:
]beatcheapeachleaf
ei-[ei]reinveinveil
?
-[i:
]ceilingseize
i（y）
[i]bigfishgiftmilkpickrichanycopyenemy
[ɑi]bikenineshinetimesilenttitlecryflymyskystyle
[i]animalEnglishfamilymistakecapital
[?
:
]birdfirstgirldirty
[?
]affirmation?
tapir
ie-[i:
]chieffieldpiecethief
igh-[ɑi]beightrightlighthigh
o
[?
]boxcockdogfoxjobonshopwrong
[?
u]gonocodehopenoterosesmokevote
[?
]memoryobeytodayconsiderbalcony
[?
:
]forhorsenorthshortsportmorning
[?
]actordoctorforgetmirror?
comfort
ou-[ɑu]aboutcloudfound
?
-[?
u]mouldshouldersoul
?
-[u:
]grouproutesoup
ow-[ɑu]cowdownflower
?
?
-[?
u]bowlflowknow
oi-[?
i]boilchoicecoinsoil
oo-[u:
]bootfoodmoonzoo
?
-[u]bookcookfootgood
[?
]comesomemoneynonetoncoverglovelovemotherother
u
[?
]brushclubdustfungunjustsun
[u]bushfullpullpush
[ju:
]dutyexcusefuturehugepupiluse
[?
]autumncolumninjuryindustrysupport
[?
:
]burnchurchhurt
[?
]murmurpursue
?
?
surprise?
Saturday
ui-[u:
]juicefruitcruise
?
-[ju:
]suitsuitablesuitcase
uy-[ai]buyguy
ure-[ju?
]curepuresecure
?
?
-[u?
]assureinsuresure
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