杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题.docx

杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题.docx

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杭州师范大学718综合英语考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题

杭州师范大学

2014年招收攻读硕士研究生入学考试题

考试科目代码：

718

考试科目名称：

综合英语

说明：

考生答题时一律写在答题纸上，否则漏批责任自负。

I.Cloze（每小题1分，共30分）

Directions:

Fillintheblankswithproperwords（thefirstletterisgiven）.

Everydayweexperienceoneofthewondersoftheworldaroundus,withoutevenrealizingit.Itisnottheamazingcomplexityoftelevision,northeimpressivetechnologyofautomatedtransport.Theyareindeed

（1）w________whichweoftentakefor

（2）g________.No.Theuniversalwonderweshareandexperienceisour（3）a________tomakenoiseswithourmouths,andso（4）t__________ideasandthoughtstoeachother’sminds.Inotherwords,thatwonderisourabilitytofashion（5）l________.Thisabilitycomessonaturallyweareapttoforgetwhatamiracle（6）i________is.

Obviously,theabilityto（7）t________issomethingthatmarkshumansofffrom（8）a________.Ofcourse,someanimalshavepowersjustasamazing.Batshomeinonflyinginsectsthataretheirfoodby（9）m________ofasophisticatedsoundsystem.Birdscan（10）n________thousandsofmilesbyobservingpositionsofthestarsinthe（11）s________inrelationtothetimeofdayandyear.InNature’stalentshow,humansareaspeciesofanimalsthathave（12）d________theirownspecialact.Ifwereduceittobasicterms,itisaknackforcommunicating（13）i________toothers,byvarying（14）s________wemakeaswebreatheout.

Notthatwedonothaveotherpowersofcommunication.Outfacial（15）e________conveyouremotions,suchasanger,orjoy,ordisappointment.Thewayweholdourheadscan（16）i________toothers（17）w________wearehappyordowncast.Thisisso-called“（18）b________language”,andtosome（19）e________wearenodifferentfromotheranimalsinthis（20）r________.Bristlingfurisanunmistakablewarningofaggressionamongmany（21）c________.Similarly,thebowedheadordroopingtailshowsareadinessto（22）t________secondplaceinanyanimalgathering.

Suchameansof（23）c________isabasicmechanismthatanimals,includinghumanbeings,（24）i________acquireanddisplay.Istheabilitytospeakjustanothersortofinstinct?

Ifso,howdidhumanbeings（25）a________thisamazingskill?

Biologistscanreadilyindicatethatparticularareaofour（26）b________wherespeechmechanisms（27）f________,butthisdoesn’ttellushowthat（28）p________ofourbodiesoriginatedinourbiologicalhistory.Itis（29）t________tothinkthatforourhumanancestorsacquiringthepowerofspeechwasalla（30）m________ofcompetition.

II.ReadingComprehension（每小题2分，共60分）

Directions:

Thereare6passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）,andD）.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwritethecorrespondingletterontheanswersheet.

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

OneofthefirstmentomakeacommercialsuccessoffoodconservationwasHenryJohnHeinz.In1869hefoundedacompanyinPittsburgh,USA.LikeotherAmericansofhisgeneration,Heinzmadehisnameahouseholdwordthroughoutthewesternworld.Atlast,manseemstohavediscoveredhowtopreservefoodwithoutconsiderablyalteringitstaste.Thetinsoffood（Heinztins!

）whichCaptainScottabandonedintheAntarcticwereopened47yearsafterhisdeath,andthecontentswerenotonlyedible,butpleasant.

Themainargumentagainstconservedfoodsisnotthatthecanningoffoodmakesittastedifferent;rather,peoplecomplainthattherecipeswhichthecanningchefsdreamuparetediousortasteless.Butanyrecipeistediousortastelessifitiseateningreatquantities.AndacompanylikeHeinzcanonlyproducesomethingifitisgoingtobeeateningreatquantities.Thetomatoisverypleasanttoeatwhenitisfreshlypicked.Aregulardietoftomatoesalonecouldwellprovetedious.Thecanningcompaniestrytocookthetomatoinasmanywaysaspossible.TheHeinzfactoriesinBritainusemillionsandmillionsoftomatoeseveryyear.

Therearemanypeoplewhodonotliketoeatfoodoutofseason.Theyliketheirfoodtobefresh,andtheyliketocookitthemselvesin“theold-fashionedway”.Itisverydifficultformodernmantorealizewhatitisliketolivewithouttheadvantagesofpre-packagedandcannedfood.Europeansocietyinitspresentformcouldnotcopewithoutmodernmethodsoffoodprocessing.Imagineyourlocalsupermarketwithoutallthecansofpre-packagedfoods.Thesupermarketwouldturnintoachaosofrottenvegetables,stalebreadandunhealthymeat.Thehealthproblemswouldbeinsurmountable,unlessweallwentintothecountrytosupportourselves.

Sonexttimeyourejectcannedfoodasbeingtastelessorunimaginative,rememberthatyoucanonlyaffordtoeatfreshfoodbecausecannedfoodexists.

1.InwhichwaywasHenryJohnHeinzsuccessful?

[A]Heachievedacommercialsuccessoffoodpreservation.

[B]Hesoldhishome-madefoodtoCaptainScott.

[C]Divisionsofhiscompanywereextendedthroughouttheworld.

[D]HesailedaroundtheworldandreachedtheAntarctic.

2.Themaindisadvantageofconservedfoodis__________.

[A]thealterationintaste

[B]therelativelyhighprice

[C]themass-production

[D]thetediousortastelessrecipes

3.Whydosomepeopleespeciallydislikecannedfood?

[A]Theyknowhowtopreservefoodintheirownway.

[B]Theylikefoodfreshlypicked.

[C]Theydislikefoodsthataremadetoatraditionalrecipe.

[D]Theydonotlikecanningchefs.

4.Whatwouldhappeniftherewerenocannedfood?

[A]Themodernsocietywouldnotfunctionproperly.

[B]Healthproblemswouldneverbesolved.

[C]Peoplewouldhavenofoodsupplyandstarvetodeath.

[D]Foodsinthesupermarketwouldbecomestale.

5.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardcannedfood?

[A]Approving.

[B]Negative.    

[C]Indifferent.

[D]Neutral.

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Tounderstandwhythecurrentprocessfortrainingteachersissobroken,let’suseabusinessexample.Imaginetwocompanies.CompanyAhiresthebestpeopleitcan.Thosewhoarehiredarepaidandpromotedbasedonperformance.Thisisnoteasy,asit’softenhardtodeterminewhoisreallydoingagoodjob.Thecompensationandpromotionprocessispronetopoliticsandpersonalpreferences.

Still,mostpeopleatCompanyArecognizethatthereisaconnectionbetweenpayandproductivity.Thetruesuperstarsgetrecognizedeventually.Thosewhocometoworkbutnevercontributearefiredeventually.

CompanyBalsoseekstohirethebestpeopleitcan.First,allprospectiveemployeesmustundertaketwoyearsoffull-timespecializedtraining,attheirownexpense,justtobeconsideredforajob.Studyafterstudyhasshownthatthistraininghaszeroconnectiontosubsequentperformanceatthefirm,butCompanyBstickstothisscreeningmechanismanyway.

Second,allemployeeseventuallyhiredbyCompanyBarepaidbasedontheiryearsofexperienceatthefirm.Finally,CompanyBpromisesthatnoonewhohasworkedatthecompanyforthreeyearsormorewilleverbefired,eveniftheirperformanceismediocreorpoor.

InCompanyB,employeeswhocometoworkanddon’tactuallyworkmaygetfired.Thesuperstarsgetnothingextra.Theyaren’tpaidmoreorpromotedfaster,sincepayisstrictlytiedtoyearsonthejob.

Asyoumayhaveguessed,CompanyBispubliceducation.CompanyAistherestoftheeconomy.That’snotnews.Muchhasbeenwrittenaboutthebrokenincentiveswithineducation.Butthisdiscussionalmostalwaysfocusesonhowcompensationpracticesaffecttheincentivesofexistingteachers.

Thatmakessense—butitalsomissesacrucialpoint.Theworstaspectofthepubliceducationpaystructureisthatitdiscouragesmotivated,productive,energeticpeoplefromenteringtheprofessioninthefirstplace.

What’smore,despiteasteadyflowofevidencethatourcurrentteachertrainingrequirementshaveessentiallynocorrelationwithperformanceintheclassroom,moststatescontinuetoinsistthatprospectiveteachersundertakeexpensiveandtime-consumingcourses.That,too,isahugedeterrentforbrightyoungpeoplewhomightotherwisebeattractedtoteaching.

6.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutCompanyA?

[A]Thosewhocontributealotwillhardlyberecognized.

[B]Employeesgetpromotedaccordingtotheirperformance.

[C]Politicsandpreferencesplaydecisiverolesinone’spromotion.

[D]Thosewhoworkpoorlywillcontinuetostayinthecompany.

7.EmployeesofCompanyBwill__________.

[A]workatleastthreeyearsforthecompany

[B]takespecializedtrainingattheirownexpenses

[C]trytohavethebestperformancetobepromoted

[D]getpaidaccordingtotheyearstheyworkforthecompany

8.Whatdoesthe“thisscreeningmechanism”（Para.3）referto?

[A]Whethertheprospectiveemployeeshavethebestperformance.

[B]Whethertheprospectiveemployeeshavethebestqualifications.

[C]Whethertheprospectiveemployeesarehardworkingornot.

[D]Whethertheprospectiveemployeeshavetakenaspecializedtraining.

9.Whatdoestheauthorthinkaboutthecurrentprocessfortrainingteachers?

[A]Itaffectsthebehaviorofteachers.

[B]Itprovidesfewerchancesfortalentedpeople.

[C]Itmakesbrightyoungpeopleunwillingtobeateacher.

[D]Ithasgreatinfluenceonthesubsequentperformanceofteachers.

10.Theword“deterrent”（Para.8）mostprobablymeans__________.

[A]threat

[B]decision

[C]condition

[D]discouragement

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

SinceJanuary,Lisa,45,hasbeenwalkingoneggshellsatwork.Thiswouldbefineifshewereach