欧洲文化入门复习题.docx
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欧洲文化入门复习题
《欧洲文化入门》复习题
(一)
DivisionOne:
GreekCultureandRomanCulture
GreekCulture
I.填空
1.Europeancultureismadeupofmanyelements,twooftheseelementsareconsideredtobemoreenduringandtheyaretheGreco-RomanelementandtheJudeo-Christianelement.
2.Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury.
3.Inthesecondhalfofthe4thcenturyB.C.,allGreecewasbroughtundertheruleofAlexander,kingofMacedon.
4.In146B.C.theRomansconqueredGreece.
5.Greekculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcentury.
6.Revivedin1896,theOlympicGameshavebecometheworld’sforemostamateursportscompetition.
7.AncientGreeksconsideredHomertobetheauthoroftheirepics.
8.TheIliaddealswiththeallianceofthestatesofthesouthernmainlandofGreece,ledbyAgamemnonintheirwaragainstthecityofTroy.
9.TheOdysseydealswiththereturnofOdysseusaftertheTrojanwartohishome,islandofIthaca.
10.OfthemanylyricpoetsofancientGreece,twoarestilladmiredbyreaderstoday:
SapphoandPindar.
11.SapphowasconsideredthemostimportantlyricpoetofancientGreece.
12.Pindarisbestknownforhisodescelebratingthevictoriesattheathleticgames,suchasthe14Olympicodes.
13.ThethreegreattragicdramatistsofancientGreeceareAeschylus,Sophocles,andEuripides.
14.AeschyluswrotesuchplaysasPrometheusBound,PersiansandAgamemnon.
15.SophocleswrotesuchtragicplaysasOedipustheKing,Electra,andAntigone.
16.EuripideswrotemainlyaboutwomeninsuchplaysasAndromache,Medea,andTrojanWomen.
17.Comedyalsoflourishedinthe5thcenturyB.C..ItsbestwriterwasAristophanes,whohasleftelevenplays,includingFrogs,Clouds,WaspsandBirds.
18.Herodotusisoftencalled“FatherofHistory”.HewroteaboutthewarsbetweenGreeksandPersians.
19.ThucydidesdescribedthewarbetweenAthensandSpartaandbetweenAthensandSyracuse,aGreekstateontheIslandofSicily.
20.Pythagoraswasaboldthinkerwhohadtheideathatallthingswerenumbers.
21.Pythagoraswasthefounderofscientificmathematics.
22.Heracleituebelievedfiretotheprimaryelementoftheuniverse,outofwhicheverythingelsehadarisen.
23.ThegreatestnamesinEuropeanphilosophyareSocrates,PlatoandAristotle.
24.Democrituswasoneoftheearliestphilosophicalmaterialistsandspeculatedabouttheatomicstructureofmatter.
25.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,fourschoolsofphilosophersoftenarguedwitheachother,theyaretheCynics,theSceptics,theEpicureans,andtheStoics.
26.Euclidiswell-knownforhisElements,atextbookofgeometry.
27.Toillustratetheprincipleofthelevel,Archimedesissaidtohavetoldtheking:
“Givemeaplacetostand,andIwillmovetheworld.”
28.Greekarchitecturecanbegroupedintothreestyles:
theDoricstylewhichisalsocalledthemasculinestyle;theIonicstylewhichisalsocalledthefemininestyle;andalaterstylethatiscalledtheCorinthianstyle.
29.TheAcropolisatAthensandtheParthenonarethefinestmonumentofGreekarchitectureandsculptureinmorethan2000years.
30.Inthe20thcentury,thereareHomericparallelsintheIrishmanJamesJoyce’smodernistmasterpieceUlysses.
II.选择
1.Whichculturereachedahighpointofdevelopmentinthe5thcenturyB.C.?
A.GreekCulture
B.RomanCulture
C.EgyptianCulture
D.ChineseCulture
2.In___________theRomanconqueredGreece.
A.1200B.C.
B.700B.C.
C.146B.C.
D.The5thcentury
3.WhichofthefollowingworksdescribedthewarledbyAgamemnonagainstthecityofTroy?
A.OedipustheKing
B.Iliad
C.Odyssey
D.Antigone
4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbyAeschylus?
A.Antigone
B.Agamemnon
C.Persians
D.PrometheusBound
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheplayswrittenbySophocles?
A.Electra
B.Antigone
C.TrojanWoman
D.OedipustheKing
6.WhichofthefollowingistheplaywrittenbyEuripides?
A.Antigone
B.Persians
C.Electra
D.Medea
7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthegreatesttragicdramatistofancientGreece?
A.Aristophanes
B.Euripides
C.Sophocles
D.Aeschylus
8.Whoeversaidthat“Youcannotsteptwiceintothesameriver”?
A.Pythagoras
B.Heracleitus
C.Aristotle
9.Whowasthefounderofscientificmathematics?
A.Heracleitus
B.Aristotle
C.Socrates
D.Pythagoras
10.Whoischieflynotedforhisdoctrinethat“manisthemeasureofallthings”?
A.Protagoras
B.Pythagoras
C.Pyrrhon
D.Epicurus
III.名词解释
1.Aeschylus
2.Plato
3.TheCynics
IV.简答与问答
1.WhatarethemajorelementsinEuropeanculture?
2.WhatwerethemainfeaturesofancientGreeksociety?
3.WhoweretheoutstandingdramatistsofancientGreece?
Whatimportantplaysdideachofthemwrite?
4.TellsomeofPlato’sideas.Whydopeoplecallhimanidealist?
5.GivesomeexamplestoshowtheenormousinfluenceofGreekcultureonEnglishliterature.
RomanCulture
I.填空
1.TheburningofCorinthin146B.C.markedRomanconquestofGreece,whichwasthenreducedtoaprovinceoftheRomanEmpire.
2.TheRomanwriterHoracesaid:
“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive”.
3.In27B.C.OctaviustooksupremepowerasemperorwiththetitleofAugustus.
4.TheRomansenjoyedalongperiodofpeacelastingtwohundredyears,aremarkablephenomenoninhistoryknownasthePaxRomana.
5.Inthe4thcentury,theemperorConstantinemovedthecapitalfromRometoByzantium,renameditConstantinople(modernIstanbul).
6.In476thelastemperorofthewestwasdeposedbytheCothsandmarkedtheendoftheWestRomanEmpire.
7.TheEastRomanEmpirecollapsedwhenConstantinoplefelltotheTurksin1453.
8.JuliusCaesarrecordedwhathedidandsawinthevariousmilitarycampaignshetookpartinandthesewritings,collectedinhisCommentaries,aremodelsofsuccinctLatin.
9.VirgilwasthegreatestofLatinpoetsandwrotethegreatepic,theAeneid.
10.ThePantheonisthegreatestandthebestpreservedRomantemple,whichwasbuiltin27B.C.Andreconstructedinthe2thcenturyA.D..
11.She-wolfisthestatuewhichillustratesthelegendofcreationofRoman.
II.选择
1.Whowrote,“Icame,Isaw,Iconquered”?
A.Horace
B.JuliusCaesar
C.Virgil
D.MarcusTulliusCicero
2.TheauthorofthephilosophicalpoemOntheNatureofthingsis___________.
A.Virgil
B.JuliusCaesar
C.Horace
D.Lucretius
3.WhichofthefollowingisnotRomanarchitecture?
A.TheColosseum
B.ThePanthenon
C.TheParthenon
D.PontduGard
4.Whowrote,“CaptiveGreecetookherrudeconquerorcaptive”?
A.Sappho
B.Plato
C.Virgil
D.Horace
III.名词解释
1.JuliusCaesar
2.ThePaxRomana
IV.简答与问答
1.WhatdidtheRomanshaveincommonwiththeGreeks?
Andwhatwasthechiefdifferencebetweenthem?
2.WhatisthebookforwhichVirgilhasbeenfamousthroughoutthecenturies?
InwhatwayisthebooklinkedwiththeGreekpast?
3.WhydowesayAeneasisatrulytragichero?
DivisionTwo:
TheBibleandChristianity
TheOldTestament
Ⅰ填空题
1.Amongallthereligionsbywhichpeopleseektoworship,ChristianityisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest.
2.BothJudaismandChristianityoriginatedinPalestinethehubofmigrationandtraderoutes,whichledtoexchangeofideasoverwideareas.
3.Some3800yearsagotheancestorsoftheJews–theHebrews–wanderedthroughthedesertsoftheMiddleEast.
4.About1300B.C.,theHebrewscametosettleinPalestine,knownasCanaanatthattime,andformedsmallkingdoms.
5.ThekingoftheHebrewswashandeddownorallyfromonegenerationtoanotherintheformoffolktalesandstories,whichwererecordedlaterintheOldTestament.
6.TheBibleisacollectionofreligiouswritingscomprisingtwoparts:
theOldTestamentandtheNewTestament.
7.TheoldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharefirstfivebooks,calledPentateuch.
8.WhentheHebrewsleftthedesertandenteredthemountainousSinai,MosesclimbedtothetopofthemountaintoreceivefromGodmessage,whichcametobeknownastheTenCommandments.
9.ChronologicallyAmosistheearliestprophetintheOldTestament.
10.InBabyloninthe6thcenturyB.C.,theHebrews,nowknownasJews,formedsynagoguestopractisetheirreligion.
II选择题
1.WhichofthefollowingisbyfarthemostinfluentialintheWest?
_______
A.BuddismB.IslamismC.ChristianityD.Judaism
2.TheOldTestamentconsistsof39books,theoldestandmostimportantofwhicharethefirstfivebooks,called__________.
A.ExodusB.CommandmentsC.AmosD.Pentaeuch
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthecontentoftheTenCommandments?
_______
A.Honouryourfatherandyourmother
B.Donotcommitsuicide
C.Donotdesireyourneighbour’swife
D.DonottakethenameofGodinvain
4.WheninBabylontheHebrewsformedsynagoguestopractisetheirreligion?
______
A.in169B.C.B.inthe4thcentury
C.in76B.C.D.inthe6thcentury
Ⅲ名词解释
1.theBible
2.thePentateuch
3.TenCommandments
Ⅳ简答与问答
1.WhatwastheHebrewsmajorcontributiontoworldcivilization?
2.WhydowesayJudaismandChristianityarecloselyrelated?
3.WhataretheTenCommandmentsabout?
RiseofChristianity
Ⅰ填空题
1.Attheageof30,JesusreceivedthebaptismatthehandsofJohnBaptist.
2.JesusspentmostofhislifeinGalilee,whereheapparentlymadeasensation.
3.JesusofNazarethlivedinPalestineduringthereignofthefirstRomanEmperorAugustus.
4.JesuswentwithhisdisciplestoJerusalemforthePassover,butwasbetrayedbyJuda.
5.In313theEdictofMilanwasissuedbyConstantineIandgrantedreligiousfreedomtoallandmadeChristianitylegal.
6.In392A.D,EmperorTheo