10050425胡莹莹定稿模版.docx

10050425胡莹莹定稿模版.docx

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10050425胡莹莹定稿模版

学科类：

文学类学号：

100502010425

学校代码：

12795密级：

2014届本科生毕业论文

AStudyoftheContemporary“Utopia”inTheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelas

《从奥米勒斯城出走的人》中当代“乌托邦”的研究

院系：

外国语学院

专业：

英语（商务方向）

姓名：

XXX

指导教师：

XXX

答辩日期：

二〇一四年三月

毕业论文诚信声明

本人郑重声明：

所呈交的毕业论文《〈从奥米勒斯城出走的人〉中当代“乌托邦”的研究》是本人在指导老师的指导下，独立研究、写作的成果。

论文中所引用是他人的无论以何种方式发布的文字、研究成果，均在论文中以明确方式标明。

本声明的法律结果由本人独自承担。

论文作者签名：

XXX

指导教师签名：

XXX

2014年3月28日

Abstract

TheOnesWhoWalksAwayfromOmelasisashortstorywrittenbyafamoussciencefantasyandfeminismandadolescentliteratureAmericanwriterUrsulaLeGuinin1970s.Thefictionwaspublishedinthe1980s,hasstrikingsignsofthetimes,aremuchlessaffectedbytheconstraintsoffeudalaristocracyculture.

ThisthesisusestheliteraturereviewandDetailedreadingmethods,throughalotofdomesticandinternationalresearch，fromtheaspectssuchascontemporaryutopia,pragmatismmorality，belief,desire,idealsociety，andmoderndilemmatodiscusstheimpliedmeaningofcontemporaryidealsocietyinTheOnesWhoWalksAwayfromOmelas.ReviewingtheassociativeliteratureisconduciveforustocomprehendUrsulaLeGuinandherfictionvaluebetter.

Thisthesisiscomposedoffourchapters:

thefirstchapterisanintroduction,whichintroducesUrsulaLeGuinandTheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelas;thesecondchapteranalyzesthecontemporarydilemmaofidealsociety;thethirdchapterthroughthework’ssymbolicsignificanceunfolds“theUtopiaofUrsulaLeGuin”;thelastchapterisaconclusionaboutthespiritualpursuittheworkcallsfor.

【Keywords】contemporaryutopia；belief；lust；idealsociety；moderndilemma

摘要

《从奥米勒斯城出走的人》是20世纪70年代美国重要科幻、奇幻与女性主义与青少年儿童文学作家娥苏拉·勒瑰恩（UrsulaKroeberLeGuin）的短篇小说作品。

该作品出版于二十世纪八十年代，有着醒目的时代印记，较少受到封建贵族文化的束缚。

本文主要采用文献回顾法，通过大量阅读相关材料并进行整理分析，回顾国内外研究，从当代乌托邦、实用主义道德观、信仰、欲望、理想社会与现代困境等方面探讨娥苏拉·勒瑰恩《从奥米勒斯城出走的人》中当代理想社会的寓意。

对相关文献的回顾有助于我们更好地了解娥苏拉·勒瑰恩，了解其作品价值。

本文主要由四部分构成：

第一部分为绪论，介绍娥苏拉·勒瑰恩及其这部作品；第二部分剖析理想社会的当代困境；第三部分通过作品的象征意义展现“娥苏拉·勒瑰恩式乌托邦”；第四部分为结语，总结论述其所呼吁的精神追求。

【关键词】当代乌托邦；信仰；欲望；理想社会；现代困境

Contents

AbstractⅠ

摘要Ⅱ

ContentsⅢ

ChapterOneIntroduction1

1.1UrsulaKroeberLeGuinprofile1

1.2AboutTheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelas4

1.3TheStructureoftheThesis5

ChapterTwoTheModernDilemmaThatTheOnesWhoWalkAwayfromOmelasRepresents7

2.1Thecrisisofmoralityandbelief7

2.2Theironyofpragmatismmoralvalues11

ChapterThreeTheUtopiaofUrsulaLeGuin14

3.1ThemeaningofUtopia14

3.2TheUtopiaofUrsulaLeGuin15

ChapterFourConclusion19

References20

Acknowledgements21

ChapterOneIntroduction

1.1UrsulaKroeberLeGuinprofile

UrsulaKroeberLeGuin（bornOctober21,1929）isanAmericanauthorofnovels,children'sbooks,andshortstories,mainlyinthegenresoffantasyandsciencefiction.Shehasalsowrittenpoetryandessays.Firstpublishedinthe1960s,herworkhasoftendepictedfuturisticorimaginaryalternativeworldsinpolitics,naturalenvironment,gender,religion,sexualityandethnography.

ShewasinfluencedbyfantasywriterslikeJ.R.R.Tolkien,bysciencefictionwriterslikePhilipK.Dick（whowasinhersamehighschoolclass,thoughtheydidn'tknowoneanother）,bycentralfiguresofWesternliteraturelikeLeoTolstoy,VirgilandtheBrontësisters,byfeministwriterslikeVirginiaWoolf,bychildrenliteraturelikeAliceinWonderland,TheWindintheWillows,TheJungleBook,byNorsemythology,andbybooksfromtheEasterntraditionsuchastheTaoTeChing.Inturn,sheinfluencedsuchBookerPrizewinnersandotherwriters,asSalmanRushdieandDavidMitchell–andnotablefuturismandfantasywriterslikeNeilGaimanandIainBanks.ShehaswontheHugoAward,NebulaAward,LocusAward,andWorldFantasyAward,eachmorethanonce.

ShewasbornUrsulaKroeber,thedaughterofanthropologistAlfredL.KroeberandwriterTheodoraKroeber.In1901,AlfredKroeberearnedthefirstPh.D.inanthropologyintheUnitedStatesfromColumbiaUniversity.HewentontoestablishthesecondanthropologydepartmentintheUS,attheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley.TheodoraKroeberwroteabiographyofherhusband,AlfredKroeber:

APersonalConfiguration.

LeGuinattendedBerkeleyHighSchool.ShereceivedherB.A.（PhiBetaKappa）fromRadcliffeCollegein1951,andM.A.fromColumbiaUniversityin1952.Shebecameinterestedinliteratureatayoungage.Atage11,shesubmittedherfirststorytothemagazineAstoundingScienceFiction.Itwasrejected.Herearliestwritings,someofwhichsheadaptedinOrsinianTalesandMalafrena,werenon-fantasticstoriesofimaginarycountries.Searchingforawaytoexpressherinterests,shereturnedtoherearlyinterestinsciencefiction;intheearly1960sherworkbegantobepublishedregularly.（OneOrsinianTalewaspublishedintheSummer1961issueofTheWesternHumanitiesReviewandthreeofherstoriesappearedin1962and1963numbersofFantasticStoriesofImagination,amonthlyeditedbyCeleGoldsmith.GoldsmithalsoeditedAmazingStories,whichrantwoofLeGuin'sstoriesin1964,includingthefirst"Hainish"story.）

ShereceivedwiderecognitionforhernovelTheLeftHandofDarkness,whichwontheHugoandNebulaawardsin1970.HersubsequentnovelTheDispossessedmadeherthefirstpersontowinboththeHugoandNebulaAwardsforBestNoveltwiceforthesametwobooks.

Inlateryears,LeGuinworkedinfilmandaudio.ShecontributedtoTheLatheofHeaven,a1979PBSfilmbasedonhernovelofthesamename.In1985,shecollaboratedwithavant-gardecomposerDavidBedfordonthelibrettoofRigel9,aspaceopera.InMay1983,LeGuindeliveredawell-receivedcommencementaddressentitled"ALeftHandedCommencementAddress"atMillsCollege,Oakland,California."ALeftHandedCommencementAddress"isincludedinhernonfictioncollectionDancingattheEdgeoftheWorld.

InDecember2009,LeGuinresignedfromtheAuthorsGuildinprotestoveritsendorsementofGoogle'sbookdigitizationproject."Youdecidedtodealwiththedevil",shewroteinherresignationletter."Thereareprinciplesinvolved,aboveallthewholeconceptofcopyright;andtheseyouhaveseenfittoabandontoacorporation,ontheirterms,withoutastruggle."

LeGuinhaswondozensofannual"year'sbest"literaryawards.FornovelsaloneshehaswonfiveLocuses,fourNebulas,twoHugo,andoneWorldFantasyAward.（TheDispossessedwontheLocus,Nebula,andHugo.）Shehasalsowonthosefourawardsinshortfictioncategories,thoughsheturneddownaNebulaforhernoveletteTheDiaryoftheRoseinprotestattheScienceFictionWritersofAmerica'streatmentofStanislawLem.HernineteenLocusAwards,votedbymagazinesubscribers,aremorethananyotherwriterhasreceived.HerthirdEarthseanovel,TheFarthestShorewonthe1973NationalBookAwardforYoungPeople'sLiteratureandshehasbeenafinalistfortenMythopoeicAwards,nineinFantasyandoneforScholarship.UnlockingtheAirandOtherStorieswasoneofthreefinalistsforthe1997PulitzerPrizeforFiction.

Recognizingherstatureinthespeculativefictiongenre,LeGuinwastheProfessionalGuestofHonoratthe1975WorldScienceFictionConventioninMelbourne,Australia.ThatyearshewasalsonamedthesixthGandalfGrandMasteroffantasy.TheScienceFictionResearchAssociation（SFRA）gaveheritsPilgrimAwardin1989forher"lifetimecontributionstoSFandfantasyscholarship".Atthe1995WorldFantasyConventionshewontheWorldFantasyAwardforLifeAchievement,ajudgedrecognitionofoutstandingservicetothefantasyfield.TheScienceFictionandFantasyHallofFameinductedherin2001,itssixthclassoftwodeceasedandtwolivingwriters.TheScienceFictionandFantasyWritersofAmericamadeherits20thGrandMasterin2003.

InApril2000theU.S.LibraryofCongressmadeLeGuinaLivingLegendinthe"WritersandArtists"categoryforhersignificantcontributionstoAmerica'sculturalheritage.In2002shewonaPEN/MalamudAwardfor"excellenceinabodyofshortfiction".In2004shereceivedtwoAmericanLibraryAssociationhonorsforherlastingcontributions:

foryoungadultliterature,theannualMargaretA.EdwardsAward;forchildren'sliterature,selectiontodelivertheannualMayHillArbuthnotLecture.TheannualEdwardsAwardrecognizesonewriterandaparticularbodyofwork;the2004panelcitedsixworkspublishedfrom1968to1990:

AWizardofEarthsea,TheTombsofAtuan,TheFarthestShore,andTehanu（thefirstfourEarthseabooks）,TheLeftHandofDarknessandTheBeginningPlace.ThepanelsaidthatLeGuin"hasinspiredfourgenerationsofyoungadultstoreadbeautifullyconstructedlanguage,visitfantasyworldsthatinformthemabouttheirownlives,andthinkabouttheirideasthatareneithereasynorinconsequential."

Atits2009convention,theFreedomfromReligionFoundationawardedtheEmperorHasNoClothesAwardtoLeGuin.TheFFRFdescribestheawardas"celebrating'plainspeaking'ontheshortcomingsofreligionbypublicfigures".

Whenaskedaboutherinfluences,shereplied;"OnceIlearnedtoread,Ireadeverything.Ireadallthefamousfantasies–AliceinWonderland,andWindintheWillows,andKipling.IadoredKipling'sJungleBook.AndthenwhenIgotolderIfoundLordDunsany.Heopenedupawholenewworld–theworldofpurefantasy.And...wormOuroboros.Again，purefantasy，veryfattening.AndthenmybrotherandIblunderedintosciencefictionwhenIwas11or12，EarlyAsimov,thingslikethat.Butthatdidn'thavetoomucheffectonme.Itwasn'tuntilIcamebacktosciencefictionanddiscoveredSturgeon–butparticularlyCordwainerSmith....Ireadthestory"AlphaRalphaBoulevard