英语全套试题3.docx

英语全套试题3.docx

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英语全套试题3

大学英语四级新题型预测模拟试卷（三）

大学英语4级考试

CollegeEnglishModelTestThree

—BandFour—

PartⅠWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowedthirty　minutestowritealettertoyourAmericanfriend　Lawrence,tointroduceSpringFestivalinChinaand　invitehimtojoinyoutospendthisSpringFestival.　SupposeyouareYuanChao.Youshouldwriteatleast　120wordsfollowingthesuggestionsgivenbelowin　Chinese:

1.表达你对Lawrence的想念之情；

2.介绍中国的春节；

3.邀请Lawrence和你们一起过春节。

提示:

在实考试卷中，该试题在答题卡1上。

ALettertoLawrence

September23,2005

DearLawrence,

Yours,

YuanChao

 WatchoutforFallingSatellites

Whatishappening?

Anout-of-controlUSspysatellitewillcrashtoEarthinthecomingmonths,governmentofficialssay.Thesatelliteislargeenoughthatdebris（残骸）arelikelytosurviveatmosphericre-entryandstriketheEarth,sometimeinlateFebruaryorearlyMarch,saysGordonJohndroe,aspokesmanfortheNationalSecurityCouncil.

Isthatnormal?

“Thisisrelativelyroutineinthatsatellitesdeorbitallthetime,”saysJohndroe.Piecesofuncontrolleddebrisheavierthantwotonnes—mostlydiscardedrocketstages—crashtoEarthasoftenasonceeverythreeweeks,saysJonathanMcDowell,anastronomerandlaunchobserverattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysicsinCambridge,Massachusetts.Manydiscardedpiecesretainsomepower,sothatcontrollersonEarthcanguidethemtoapointfarfromhumanhabitation,usuallyusingafinaldiveintoanocean.

In2001,RussianspaceofficialsbrokeuptheoldMirspacestationinthiswayovertheSouthPacific.That’snotthecaseforthisUSone,however.

“Obviously,wewanttotakealookatthepotentialforittolandinapopulatedarea,”saysJohndroe.“Asbackground,I’dliketosaythatoverthepast30plusyears,therehavebeenmanysatellitesandotherman-madeobjectsfallingfromspace—ofcourse,theyfallingwithverylittledamageandnoinjuries.Whatmakesthiscasealittlebitdifferent,however,andinparticularforthepresidentinhisconsideration,wasthelikelihoodthatthesatellite,upondescenttotheEarth’ssurface,couldreleasemuchofitsthousand-pluspoundsofhydrazine（联氨）fuelasatoxicgas.”

Whatarethechancesofitcrashingthroughmyroof?

Exceedinglyslim,saysMcDowell.Rememberthatsome70%oftheEarthiswater,andmostlandsarevoidofpeople.“Thereisnoreasonforpeopletogetalarmedaboutit,”hesays.

AccordingtotheNASAOrbitalDebrisProgramOffice,therehavebeennoconfirmedinstancesofseriouspropertydamageorinjurycausedbycrashingdebrisin40years.Thelikelihoodofthesatellitefallinginapopulatedareaissmall,andtheextentanddurationoftoxichydrazineintheatmospherewouldbequitelimited;nevertheless,ifthesatellitedidfallinapopulatedarea,therewasapossibilityofdeathorinjurytohumanbeingsbeyondthatassociatedwiththefallofsatellitesandotherspaceobjectsnormally,ifwecanusethatword.Specifically,therewasenoughofariskforthepresidenttobequiteconcernedabouthumanlife,andonthatbasis,heasksustoreviewouroptions.

Whatisthissatellite?

Sinceitisaspysatellite,thisisn’tpublicinformation.ButitislikelytobeUSA193,which,accordingtonewsreports,waslaunchedattheendof2006fortheNationalReconnaissanceOffice（NRO）andwhichwaslosttoground-basedcontrollersuponreachingorbit.Atthetime,amateurskywatchersnoticedthatitsorbitwasslightly‘off’andwasn’tbeingcorrected.Basedontheslightlossesinaltitude,theyhadpredictedaneventualcrashthisspring,McDowellsays.

IfthedyingsatelliteisindeedUSA193,itsspecificationscanbebetterdefined.USA193waslaunchedonaBoeingDelta2rocket,whichlimitsthesizeofthesatellitetobetweentwoandfourtonnesandfiveorsixmetersinlength—aboutthesizeofaminivan,McDowellsays.Thissatelliteisnowatanaltitudeof250kilometersandisfallingakilometerperday.Itorbitsinthemid-latitudes,between58degreesnorthandsouth.Whereitwillfallwithinthatrangeisimpossibletoknownow,soMcDowellsaysthechanceoflandingintheUnitedStates,forexample,is2%,basedonarea.Betterestimatesshouldbeavailableadaybeforelanding.

Isthe“minivan-sized”satelliteabigone?

Nowherenearasbigasasatellitethatfelluncontrollablyin1979:

themore-than-70-tonneUSSkylabIcrashedthroughtheatmosphereandscattereddebrisacrosstheIndianOceanandWesternAustralia.

Whatwillhappentothisoneonentry?

Theatmospherewilltearupthesatellite.Aluminiumpartsandouterlayerswillburn.Twistedchunksofheavierpieces,likethefueltank,couldsurvive.McDowellsaysthatthesatellitecouldcontainasmuchasatonneofhydrazine,ahighlytoxicpropellant（燃料）whichcouldbehazardoustobenearbutnotdangerouswhendispersedintheatmosphere.

Havebitsofsatellitessurvivedre-entryintactbefore?

Yes.TheNASAOrbitalDebrisProgramOfficehostssomepicturesofprettybigchunks,including:

a250-kilogramsteelfueltankanda30-kilogramtitanium（钛）tankofalaunchvehiclethatbothlandedinTexasin1997,anda70-kilogramtitaniumrocketmotorcasingthatlandedinSaudiArabiain2001.Onenoteworthyill-fatedsatelliteactuallycrash—landedthroughtheroofofaworkshopsupportingitslaunchin2006,havingfallenfromabotched（拙劣的）take-off.

Howmanythingsaretherethatcouldpotentiallyfalloutoforbit?

TheNASAOrbitalDebrisProgramOfficesaystherearesome11,000objectsbiggerthan10centimeterstrackedbytheUSSpaceSurveillanceNetwork.Ofcourse,thebiggestman-madeobjectinthesky,byfar,istheInternationalSpaceStation.Nearly45meterslongandmorethan200tonnesheavy,theconcernabouttheISSisinprotectingitfromdebris,ratherthanworryingaboutitbecomingdebrisitself.

Ifitlandsinthemiddleofnowhere,doesitmatter?

Whiletheimpactislikelytobeanonevent,thefallingsatellitedoesserveasareminderthattheNRO—theUnitedStates“eyesandearsinspace”—ishavingabadtimeofthings.In2005,theNROcancelledanext-generationreconnaissance（侦察）technologyproject,calledFutureImageryArchitecture,afterBoeinghadspentmorethan＄4billiononit,accordingtotheNewYorkTimes.“TheNROhashadabaddecade,”saysJeffreyLewis,aspacepolicyanalystattheNewAmericaFoundationinWashingtonDC.“Weknewthissatellitehasbeendeadforalongtime.Butitremindsusofhowmuchtroublethey’vehad.”

1.WhenwillthedisabledUSspysatellitecrashtoEarth?

A）SometimeinnextMarch.B）PerhapsinnextFebruary.

C）OnthefirstdayofFebruary.D）MaybeinearlyMarch.

2.McDowellsaysthatmostoftheheaviestuncontrolleddebriscrashingtoEarth______.

A）aresatelliteswhichhavedeorbited

B）arethendiscardedinthreeweeks

C）comefromrocketlaunchings

D）stillhavepowertouse

3.WhydoesJohndroesaythatthecomingcrashofthespysatelliteisdifferent?

A）Itwillbringverylittledamage.

B）Itmayreleasemuchtoxicgas.

C）Itmaylandinapopulatedarea.

D）Ithasbotheredthepresident.

4.HowwouldMcDowellliketheideathatpeopleshouldbewarnedofthecomingcrash?

A）Itisagoodidea.

B）Itisreasonable.

C）Itisuseless.

D）Itisunnecessary.

5.WhohadpredictedthecrashofUSA193beforethegovernmentuncoveredit?

A）Amateurskywatchers.

B）JonathanMcDowell.

C）GordonJohndroe.

D）Ground-basedcontrollers.

6.WhatdoweknowaboutthesatelliteUSA193?

A）Itisfiveorsixmeterslong.

B）Itisofthesameshapeofasmallvan.

C）ItisverylikelytolandinAmerica.

D）Itismorethan70tonnes.

7.Whichpartofthedyingsatellitecouldsurviveatmosphericre-entry?

A）TheAluminiumparts.

B）Thepropellantcontainer.

C）Theouterlayers.

D）The250-kilogramsteelfueltank.

8.AccordingtoMcDowell,thepropellantofUSA193satellitecouldloseitstoxicitywhenitis.

9.ToprotecttheISS,theUSSpaceSurveillanceNetworkshouldtrytokeepitfrom.

10.ThedeadandfallingUSspysatelliteremindspeoplethattheNROisinbignow.

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

WhatisitaboutAmericansandfood?

Welovetoeat,butwefeel

47aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebest,butwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.We’re48withhealthandweightlossbutfaceanunprecedentedepidemicofobesity（肥胖）.Perhapsthe49tothisambivalence（矛盾情结）liesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspicesbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcrop（经济作物）wasn’teatenbutsmoked.ThentherewasProhibition,intendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore50waysofdoingit.

Theimmigrantexperience,too,hasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRomansdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”eat,butournation’sfoodhascometobe

51byimports—pizza,say,orhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredcookingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles.

Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenation’sdefiningstruggles,whetherattheBostonTeaPartyorthesitinsatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourconceptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcohol