新世纪大学英语Book1.docx
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新世纪大学英语Book1
新世纪大学英语第一册语言点
LanguagePointsForUnitOne
1.advertisement:
n.apicture,shortfilm,song,etc.whichtriestopersuadepeopletobuyaproductorservice
e.g.①atelevision/newspaperadvertisementforanewcar
②TheyputanadvertisementinTheMorningNews,offeringahighsalaryfortherightperson.
Collocation:
answeranadvertisement应广告之聘putanadvertisementin/on在……做广告
runanadvertisement做广告buythingsfrom/inadvertisements购买广告上宣传的商品
2.claim:
1）vt.statethatsth.istrue,eventhoughithasnotbeenproved
e.g.①Thecompanyclaimsthattheirproduct“makesyouthinwithoutdieting”.
②战斗后,双方均宣称获胜。
Afterthebattlebothsidesclaimedvictory.
2）n.astatementthatsth.istrue,eventhoughithasnotbeenproved
e.g.①Theymadeclaimstheycouldn’tliveupto.
②她对这块土地产权提出的要求最终得到法庭的认可。
Herclaimtotheownershipofthelandwasfinallyrecognizedbythecourt.
3.onone’spart:
oforbysomeone
e.g.①Therehasneverbeenanyjealousyonmypart.我从没有感到忌妒。
②Itwasprobablyjustamistakeonherpart.
4.fluently:
adv.fluent:
adj.[oftenusedwithin]（ofaperson）speaking,writing,orplayingamusicalinstrumentinaneasysmoothmanner
e.g.①ThecompanywillgiveprioritytoanapplicantwhoisfluentinEnglish.②HespeaksfluentSpanish.
5.reference:
n.
1）amentionofsth.
①Knowingwhathadhappened,Iavoidedmakinganyreferencetoweddings.
②他最近出的书中提到了中东问题.HisrecentbookmakesreferencestotheissueoftheMideast.
2）sth.thatshowsyouwhereelsetolookforinformation,forexamplethepagenumberofanotherplaceinabook
e.g.Makeanoteofthereferencenumbershownontheform.
3）theactoflookingatsth.forinformatione.g.Usethedictionaryforeasyreference.
Collocation:
areferencebook参考书，工具书
areferencelibrary（不外借书的）参考书;阅览室
forreference作参考
in/withreferenceto关于
6.ThereisoftenareferencetoShakespeareorCharlesDickenstoencouragehimevenmore.
ParagTwo
1.efficiently:
adv.efficient:
adj.workingwell,quickly,andwithoutwaste
e.g.anefficientsecretary能干的秘书anefficientheatingsystem高效能的供暖系统
CF:
efficient&effective
efficient指积极有效，效率高，效果好，节省精力。
指人时，强调其能干、熟练的技巧。
effective强调产生实际效果效力或具有取得预期效果的能力，指人指物都可。
Exercise:
1）Thelocalgovernmenthastakensome________measurestoreduceunemployment.
2）Weneedsomeonereally_______whocanorganizetheofficeandmakeitrunsmoothly.
3）Thecity’stransportsystemisoneofthemost________inEurope.
4）An_______teacherwillalwaysproducebetterexamresults.
Key:
effective;efficient;efficient;effective
2.…,anditisnousepretendingthatanyonehasdiscoveredaperfectwayofteachingEnglishineverypossiblesituation.
Question:
Whatarethemeaningandtheusageofthephrase“itisnouse…”?
Answer:
1）Thephrasemeans“ithasnoeffect…”.
2）WheneverweusethisphraseweshouldalwaysusetheV-ingformafterit.
Moreexamples:
It’snousecomplaining.
It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk,—he’sspentallthemoney,andthere’snothingyoucandoaboutit.
3.argue:
1）vi.disagreewithsomeoneinwords,ofteninanangryway
e.g.我们听到邻居正在争吵。
Wecouldheartheneighborsarguing.
2）v.givethereasonsforone’sopinion,idea,belief,etc.
e.g.Thelawyersarguedthecaseforhours.
Collocation:
①arguedown驳倒
e.g.Theyarguedhimdownfiercely.他们狠狠地驳得他哑口无言。
②argueout辩论清楚
e.g.Theteacherandhisclassarguedthewholematterout.老师.学生透彻地论证了这问题。
③arguethetoss反对某项已成定局的决定
e.g.Let’snotarguethetoss—wehavetoaccepthischoice.我们不必争论已经决定的事——只好听他的。
4.individual:
1）n.asinglepersonorthing,especiallywhencomparedtothegrouporsettowhichtheybelong
e.g.每个人都有永不剥夺的权利。
Everyindividualhasrightswhichmustneverbetakenaway.
2）adj.A.single;separate
e.g.Eachindividualpersonisresponsibleforhisownarrangements.
B.oforforoneperson;byorfromoneperson
e.g.①foodservedinindividualportions按一人一份供给的食物
②anindividualeffort/contribution个人的努力/贡献
5.personality:
n.
1）thewholenatureorcharacterofaparticularperson
e.g.①Everyonelovesherforhercheerfulpersonality.
②他是个个性很强的有抱负的人。
Hewasanambitiousmanwithastrongpersonality.
2）afamousperson
e.g.①personalitiesfromthefilmworld影界名流
②费德勒是网球界最著名的人物之一。
RogerFedererisoneofthebest-knownpersonalitiesintheworldoftennis.
CF:
personality,character,nature,temper均有“性格、气质、性情、习性”之意。
personality主要指一个人稳定的心理特征。
例如：
Thoughtheirpersonalitiesdiffered,theygotalongasfriends.
虽然他们性格迥异，但却相处友好。
character指对个性或人格所作出的客观评价，常常与道德有关。
例如：
Whatdoesherhandwritingtellyouabouthercharacter?
你从她的书法中看出她有怎样个性?
nature指天生的、不可改变的性格。
如：
It’shisnaturetobekindtopeople.他天生为人厚道。
temper指从感情方面体现出来、决定处理问题的方式的性格或性情，这种性情可以是暂时的也可以是长久的。
例如：
Thegirlhasasweettemper.那女孩性情温婉。
6.nodoubt:
almostcertainly,veryprobably
e.g.①Wewill,nodoubt,discusstheseissuesagainatthenextmeeting.
②想必你要在吃饭前打开行李休息一下。
Nodoubtyou’llwanttounpackandhavearestbeforedinner.
7.toacertainextent:
tothedegreespecified
e.g.①Theyarefinancedtoacertainextentbyadvertisingrevenue.
他们的资金在一定程度上来自广告收入。
②Iagreewithwhatyousaytoacertainextent.
8.Nodoubtthisistruetoacertainextent,butitisnotveryhelpfultostudents.
ParagThree
1.haveanadvantage（over）:
havesth.thathelpsonetobemoresuccessfulthanothers
e.g.①Herexperiencemeantthatshehadabigadvantageoverheropponent.
②Peoplewhohavebeentouniversityhaveabigadvantagewhenitcomestofindingjobs.
2.gotoextremes:
acttooviolentlyorbehaveinanextremeway
e.g.他们往往持极端观点。
Theyoftengotoextremesintheirviews.
Collocation:
gofromoneextremetotheother从一个极端走向另一个极端
bedriven/forcedtoextremes被迫走极端
intheextreme极端，极度，非常
3.assume:
vt.accept（sth.）astruebeforethereisproof
e.g.①我假定他说的是真的。
Iassumedhisstorytobetrue.
②Thereportwasassumedtobevalid.
③Iassumedthatyoukneweachotherbecauseyouwenttothesameschool.
CF:
assume,presume&suppose均含有“假设，猜想，推测”之意。
assume指无根据地武断推测或不合逻辑地推理。
presume强调以过去经验或根据现实的某些感觉把
suppose某事认定为是事实。
常用词，意义较广泛，指缺乏确切事实、根据一些现象进行推测，也可指为论证而提出合乎逻辑推理的某种假定，有时仅表示个人意见。
Exercise:
1）Manyscientists______thenewdamagetotheforeststobetheresultofhigherlevelsofpollution.
2）Ididn’tseeyourcar,soI________you’dgoneout.
3）Wehavenoreasonto_________thatthegirlisdead.
Key:
presumed;assumed;suppose
4.precise:
adj.exactinform,detail,measurements,time,etc.
e.g.①Itwasdifficulttogetpreciseinformationonwhenthewarbrokeout.
②就在我昏倒之时，他一把拉住了我。
HecaughtmeattheprecisemomentthatIfainted.
NB:
注意词性变化，副词形式、名词形式与反义词分别为：
precisely，precision和imprecise
57.equivalent:
1）n.sth.thathasthesamevalue,purpose,function,etc.assth.else
e.g.ThereisnoEnglishequivalentfor“jiaozi”sopeoplehaveadoptedtheChineseexpression.
2）adj.havingthesameamount,value,purpose,qualities,etc.
e.g.美国国会大致相当于英国的议会。
TheUSCongressisroughlyequivalenttotheBritishParliament.
6.viceversa:
usedtostatethatitisalsotruewiththemainitemsintheprecedingstatementtheotherwayround
e.g.①Hedoesn’ttrusther,andviceversa.
②男孩也许会拒绝与女孩一起玩，女孩也一样。
Theboysmayrefusetoplaywiththegirls,andviceversa.
7.provide.givesth.tosomeoneormakeitavailabletothembecausetheyneeditorwantit
e.g.这本小册子提供了当地各类服务的有用信息。
Thisbookletprovidesusefulinformationaboutlocalservices.
Pattern:
providesb.withsth.providesth.forsb.
e.g.Theprojectisdesignedtoprovideyoungpeoplewithwork.
旅馆为客人们提供擦鞋服务。
Thehotelprovidesashoe-cleaningserviceforguests.
8.letalone:
nottomention;muchless
e.g.Wehavenohospital,letaloneanisolationward.
Hehasn’tenoughmoneyforfood,letaloneamusements.
ParagFourLanguagePoints
1.Analyzethestructureofthesentence:
Alargenumberoftheoristsseemtothinkitisapitywearen’t,…
2.base:
1）vt.[usu.pass.]placeorestablish;providewithabaseorcenter
e.g.这个电影是以马克•吐温的小说为题材的。
ThefilmisbasedonanovelbyMarkTwain.
2）n.A.thelowestpartofsomething,esp.thepartonwhichsomethingstands
e.g.Thereisadooratthebaseofthetower.
B.aplacewherepeopleinamilitaryorganizationliveandwork
e.g.amilitarybase军事基地;anavalbase海军基地;anairbase空军基地
CF:
base,basis&foundation这几个名词都有“基础，根基”的意思。
base指构成或支撑某一具体物体的基础，也可指军事基地或用作比喻意义。
如：
Thelampstandsonacircularbase.
Themilitarybaseswerebuiltinthe19thcentury.
basis主要用作抽象或引申意义。
例如：
Charitytowardothersisthebasisofherphilosophy.
foundation用于具体意义时，指坚固结实的建筑物的基础或地基；用作比喻意义时，与basis基本相同。
例如：
Theearthquakeshookthefoundationsofthehouse.
Thosethoughtsrockedherbelieftoitsfoundations.那些想法从根本上动摇了她的信念。
3.continually:
adv.withoutstopping;repeatedly
e.g.Wearecontinuallyreassessingthesituation.
NB:
注意该词的词性变化，它的形容词形式与名词形式分别为：
continual和continuation。
CF:
continual,continuous,successive&constant均有“连续的”、“不断的”之意。
continual强调重复或持续发生，但连续之间允许有间断。
continuous语意最强，强调在时间和空间上没有间断。
successive强调事物一个接一个地发生，无间断。
constant多指习惯性的重复和不变的持续。
Exercise:
1）Therefrigeratorkeepsfoodata________temperature.
2）Thepeopleinthecitysufferedalotfromthetwoweeksof________rain.
3）Isthisa_____________flight,ordowestopoffanywhere?
4）Mycomputermakesa__________lowbuzzingnoise.
5）Theschoolhaswonfive________games.
Key:
constant;continual;continous;continuous;successive
ParagraphFiveLanguagePoints
1.means:
n.amethodorway（ofdoing）
e.g.没有办法查明发生了什么。
Thereisnomeansoffindingoutwhathappened.
Collocation:
1）ameanstoanend达到目的的方法
e.g.ForTom,thejobwassimplyameanstoanend.
2）byallmeans尽一切办法；一定
e.g.Byallmeanstrythemedicineifyouthinkitwilldoyouanygood.
3）bynomeans
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