最新0612北京市中考阅读CD集锦篇.docx

最新0612北京市中考阅读CD集锦篇.docx

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最新0612北京市中考阅读CD集锦篇

2006年北京市中考

C

Asweknow,itisnoteasytobuildasatellite.Buildingatraditionalnormallytakesyears.Thecostscanbeashighas$250millionormore.Mostmembersofthedesignreamshaveworkedinthefieldforalongtime.Theyholdadvanceddegreesinmath,science,orengineering.

Butthingsarechanging.Highcosts,unusualeducationalrequirementsandlongstart-uptimesarenolongeranobstacletospaceexploration.ThescientistsatStanfordUniversityhavedevelopedanewtypeoftinyinexpensiveearth-orbitingsatellitesthatgofromideastolaunch（发射）inayear.

Sofar,collegestudenthavebuiltandlaunchedseveralcube-shapedsatellites,orCubeSats.Atleast15morearereadytogo.Thosealreadyinorbit（轨道）takepictures,collectinformationandsenditbacktotheearth,justasregularsatellitesdo.

Butyoumightnotevenhavetowaituntilyougettocollegetostartdesigningandbuildingyourownsatellite.AnewprogramcalledKatySataimstogetteenagerstotakepart.Oncekidsunderstandwhatsatellitescando,saysBenYuan,anengineeratLockheedMartininMenloPark,Calif,thekindsofapplicationsthey’llcomeupwithmaybecountless.

“We’dliketoputthistechnology（技术）inyourhands,”hetellskids.“We’regoingtoteachyouhowtooperateasatellite.Thenwewanttoturnitovertoyouasasandboxforyoutoplayin.Wewantyoutotakethetechnologyintonewdirectionsthatwehaven’tthoughtofyet.”

Educationisn’ttheonlygoalofCubeSats.Becausethesetiny,technology-filledboxesarerelativelyinexpensivetobuildandcanbeputtogetherquickly,they’reperfectfortestingnewtechnologiesthatmightonedaybeusedonmajorspacetasks.

Nowadays,collegeandhighschoolstudentsaregettingachancetolearnwhatittakestoexploreinspace.Someday-perhapsalotsoonerthanyouimagine-youmightgettodesign,buildandlaunchyourownsatellite.Ifyoudo,you’resuretohavefun.Andyoumightalsogetcrazyaboutscienceforlife.

58.Comparedwiththetraditionalones,thenewsatellites____.

A.needlongstart-uptimesB.arelow-costandsmall-sized

C.areveryhardtooperateD.collectmoreinformationinorbit

59.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obstacle”probablymean?

A.Anaimtoachieveinthenearfuture.

B.Animaginationthatkidsusuallyhave.

C.Somethingdangeroustoterrifypeople.

D.Somethingdifficultthatstandsintheway.

60.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.CubeSatscouldpossiblycausepollutioninspace.

B.Afewkidswillsendapplicationsfortheproject.

C.ScientistsdesignedCubeSatsforkidstoplaywith.

D.Studentscan’tdesignsatelliteswithoutcollegeeducation.

61.What’sthepurposeoftheauthorwritingthepassage?

A.Toshowthathightechnologybringsabigchangeinkid’slife.

B.Toshowthatkidsleadthespaceresearchintoanewdirection.

C.Totellusthatsatellitetechnologycanalsobelearnedbykids.

D.Totellusthatkidsmuststudyhardtolearnsatellitetechnology.

2007年北京市中考

（C）

MattMasonhasseenthefuture—andit’sfun.Masonlikesthinkingabouthowmachinescanmakeourliveseasierbydoingtheworkwehate,suchascleaning.Heshowsahardfloorcleaningsystem（系统）that’sbuiltintothewall:

itwillblowdirttoapartoftheroomwhereitwillbecollectedbyavacuum（吸尘器）.Thenthesystemwilldropsomecleaneronthefloorandanarmwillmop（用拖把擦）itup.“Thismaytroubleyou,”saysKara,anexpertinMason’scompany.“Butyoucanprogramittocomeonat3a.m.,anditwilljustwet-mopthefloorforyou.”

Whenitcomestothekitchen,BruceBeihoff,anotherexpertatWhirlpool,issurethatinafewyears,robotswillbedoingmostoftheboringwork,freeingustorelax.“Morethanjustfun,futurekitchenswillbeenvironmentallyfriendly,”hesays.“Anewsystemwillbebuiltinthehousewhichcanrecycleenergy（能量）lostfromyourkitchentomakethewholehomewarm.”

“Thefridgewillbethecenterofthehome,”saysDanielLee,amarketexpert.Thefridgewillhaveatouchscreen（触摸屏幕）whereyoucanwatchTV,surftheInternet,checkyoure-mail,keepashoppinglistandordervegetables.“Yourfridgeisthefirstplaceyougointhemorningandthelastplaceatnight,”saysLee.

Everwonderwhya1.9-metermananda1.6-meterwomanhavetocookmealsoncounters（工作台）ofthesameheight.“Theheightwasdecidedover50yearsago,accordingtotheheightofordinarywomen,”saysJaneLangmuir,anexpertofcookingmachines.“Buttimeshavechanged.Wehavemadeanewcounterwhereyoupressabuttonanditmovestowhateverheightyouwant.”Atthesametime,TedSelkeratMIT’sCounterlabhasmadetheDishmakerwhichletsyoumakedishesandbowlsoutofplasticsathome.Aftereachmeal,thedishesarechangedstraightbackintoplastics.

57.Howmanyinventionsarementionedinthepassage?

A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.D.Six.

58.Infuture,ifyouwanttocleanyourhouse,youwill_________.

A.havearecyclingsystembuiltinthewall

B.getupearlytostartyourcleaningsystem

C.useyourfridgetogiveorderstoacleaner

D.leavetheworktoakindofcleaningmachine

59.Whatisfuturekitchenworklike?

A.Terrificandrelaxing.B.Easyandinteresting.

C.Enjoyableandexciting.D.Funnyandamazing.

60.Fromthepassage,weknow_________.

A.peoplewillhavemoreandmoretimeenjoyingthemselves

B.futurekitchenscanprovidealltheenergyforourlifeeveryday

C.thefridgecanbefoundinthecenterofafuturehouse

D.peoplemustbeexpertatcomputerstousetheseinventions

2008年北京市中考

C.

EachyearBenisgladwhenschoolisclosedonMartinLutherKingJr.Day.Benknowsthatthisdayhonors（纪念）animportantman,butBendoesnotfeelconcerned（与…有关）tohim.However,thesmall-worldtheory（理论）connectsBentoDr.King.Ben’smom（0）hasaclosefriend,Amy

（1）.Amy’suncle,Mark

（2）,oncemetandspoketoJohnCarter（3）,thesonofPresidentJimmyCarter（4）.JimmyCarterknewDr.King（5）.Inthisway,Benisonly“fivepeopleaway”fromMartinLutherKingJr.

Thesmall-worldtheorysaysthateveryoneintheworldisconnected（联系）throughashortchain（链条）ofpeopletheyknow.Anothernameofthischainisdegreesofseparation.Eachdegree（等级）isastepthatseparatesapersonfromsomeoneheorshedoesnotknow.Therearezerodegreesofseparationbetweenapersonandthepeopleheorsheknowsdirectly（直接地）.ThismeansthattherearezerodegreesbetweenBenandhismom.Thereisonedegreeofseparationwhenjustonepersonseparatessomeonefromapersonheorshedoesnotknow.Benknowshismom,buthehasn’therclosefriendAmy.Therefore,BenisonedegreeawayfromAmy.Asthechaincontinues,Amy’suncle,Mark,istwodegrees.JohnCarteristhreedegreesandhisfatherisfourdegrees.Dr.KingisfivedegreesawayfromBen.Thetheorysaysthattherearenomorethansixdegreesofseparationbetweenanytwopeopleintheworld.

Thesmall-worldtheoryhasalottodowithmath.Thetheoryassumes（假定）eachpersonknows100people.Eachoneofthose100peopleknows50differentpeople.Eachofthose50peopleknowsanother50peopleandsoon.Whensomeonecontinuesthecalculation（计算）tosixdegree,itislikethis:

100×50×50×50×50×50=31.25×109.Thisnumberisgreaterthan31billion（abillonisathousandmillion）.Thereareover6billionpeopleintheworld.Therenumbersshowitispossiblethatsixdegreesofseparationcouldincludeeveryoneintheworld.

Doesthesmall-worldtheorywork?

Noonehaseverprovedit.Maybethetheoryjustinvitespeopletothinkalittlemoreabouttheirplacesintheworld.

（）52.Benistwodegreesawayfrom____________.

A.JimmyCarterB.JohnCarterC.AmyD.Mark

（）53.Whatisthemeaningof“degreesofseparation”inParagraph2?

A.Thechaintoconnectpeople.B.Therelations（关系）betweenpeople.

C.Thestepsofknowingstrangers（陌生人）.D.Theseparationbetweenstrangers.

（）54.Whatisthesmall-worldtheorymainlyabout?

A.HowfarBenisawayfromDr.King.B.Howmanypeopleonecangettoknow.

C.Howpeopleareconnectedintheworld.D.Howthedegreesofseparationaresetup.

（）55.Wecanlearnfromthearticlethat__________.

A.thesmall-worldtheoryworksB.moreresearchisneededtoprovethetheory

C.sixdegreesareneededtoknowthestrangersD.thewriter’spurposeistohelppeoplefindouttheirplaces

2009年北京市中考

C

It’s2009.Youfeelsick,soyougotothedoctor.Shechecksyourfever,looksatyourthroat,andaskswhatyou’vebeenthinkingaboutlately.Whenyouleave，shegivesyousomemedicine,butalsoalistofthinkingskillsthatyouaresupposedtopracticedaily.Shesaysthatthewayyouthinkiscausingsomeofyourillness.

Doctorsandotherscientistswhostudythehumanmindandtrytoexplainwhypeoplebehaveinthewaythatdo,calledpsychologists,arestartingtobelieveit.Youknowthatyourbrainisconnectedtoeverypartofyourbodythroughyournervoussystem（神经系统）.Nowscientistshaveprovedthathowyouthinkandfeelcanhaveaninfluenceonthehealthofyourbody.

Stress（压力，紧张）iscausedwheneverthereisaproblemorachangeinyourlife.Ofcourse,everybodyhasstressmoreorless;nobody’slifeisperfect.Infact,stressisnecessary.Withoutstress,wewouldneverlearnanythingorgroworchange.Wewouldprobablybeboredtodeath.Buttoomuchstresscanhurtyou.Itcanweakenyourbody’sprotectionsothatyouaremorelikelytocatchdiseases.Itcanevenmakeyoumorelikelytohaveanaccident.

Whenyoufeelstress,yourbrainsendsamessagetoyourbodytoproduceachemicalcalledadrenaline（肾上腺素）.Adrenalinespe