英国文化总结v10.docx
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英国文化总结v10
1.Definition Explaining:
10%
1. The Canterbury Tales:
the first court poet to write in English. It is written in a more recognizable version of English （known as "Middle English"） than Beowulf, made up of a series of stories told by pilgrims, and is notable for its diversity both in the range of social types amongst the 31 pilgrims, and the range in style of the stories they tell.
1。
《坎特伯雷故事集》:
第一位宫廷诗人用英语写。
写在一个比贝奥武夫更容易辨认的英语版本（称为“中世纪英语”）,它由一系列的朝圣者所讲的故事组曾,并且值得注意的是它的多样性以及不同社会阶级的31个朝圣者,以及它们所讲述的故事的风格多样。
2. William Shakespeare:
is probably the bestknown literary figure in the world, but little is known of his life. He excels in each kind .His four famous tragedies are:
Hamlet, Othello, King Lear , and Macbeth; comedies are :
A Mid Summer Night's Dream, The Merchant of Venice, Twelfth Night, As You Like It History plays include Richard Ⅱ ,Richard Ⅲ , HenryⅣ,HenryⅤ etc.
2。
威廉·莎士比亚:
可能是世界上体形的文学人物,但所知甚少。
他擅长各种。
他的四个著名的悲剧是:
《哈姆雷特》,《奥赛罗》,《李尔王》、《麦克白》,喜剧是:
《仲夏夜之梦》,《威尼斯商人》,《第十二夜》,你喜欢历史戏剧包括《理查德Ⅱ》、《理查德三世》《亨利四世》《亨利五世》等等。
3. Red brick university is an informal term used to refer to six civic universities（such as university of Leeds，Sheffild， Bristol，ManchesteBirmingham and Liverpoo） ,which were founded in the major industrial cities of England. All of the six existing red brick institutions, or their predecessor institutes, gained university status before World War I and were initially established as civic science or engineering colleges.The six institutions are members of the Russell Group（which receives two-thirds of all research grant funding in the United Kingdom）.
3。
红砖大学是一个非正式的术语用来指六城市大学（比如利兹大学,Sheffild、布里斯托尔、Mancheste伯明翰和Liverpoo）,这是成立于英格兰的主要工业城市。
所有现有的六个红砖机构,或他们的前任机构、获得大学地位在第一次世界大战前,最初建立公民科学或工程大学。
六个机构成员的罗素联盟（获得三分之二的研究在英国赠款资金）。
4.Fry-up：
Traditionally，manyBritonsusuallyhavestartedthedaywithsomethingcalleda‘Fry-up’betweenabout7:
30a.mand9:
00a.m.AtraditionalFullEnglishBreakfastmaycontain:
sausages，bacon，scrambledorfriedorboiledegg，mushrooms，friedtomatoes，blackPudding，bakedbeans，toast.Generally,breakfastisservedwithdifferentkindsofbeverage,suchashotteawithmilkadded,orangejuiceandetc.
4。
煎火腿煎鸡蛋:
传统上,许多英国人通常用来开始一天生活的食物叫“煎火腿煎鸡蛋“一般在7:
30左右以及上午9点。
传统的英式早餐可能包含:
香肠、培根、煎或炒或煮鸡蛋、蘑菇、炸番茄、黑布丁,烤豆,烤面包。
一般来说,早餐是搭配不同种类的饮料,如热茶添加了牛奶、橙汁等。
5. Easter:
This festival is on the first Sunday following the full moon that occurs on or next after March 21 ,which commemorates resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead three days after his crucifixion by Romans. It is the most important Christian festival for many church-goers. The oldest tradition is to use dyed chicken eggs, but a modern custom is to substitute eggs made from chocolate, or plastic eggs filled with candy such as jellybeans.
5。
复活节:
这个节日在满月后的第一个星期日发生后或明年3月21日,是为了纪念耶稣基督从死里复活三天后他被罗马人受难。
它是许多虔诚的基督教最重要的基督教节日。
最古老的传统是用染色鸡蛋,但现代习惯代替鸡蛋制成的巧克力,或塑料鸡蛋装满糖果比如软糖。
6. Good Friday:
It is the Friday before Easter,which commemorates the execution of Jesus by crucifixion. Good Friday is a day of mourning in church. During special Good Friday services ,Christians meditate on Jesus's suffering and death on the cross, and what this means for their faith.
6。
受难日:
复活节前的礼拜五,纪念耶稣的受难的执行。
耶稣受难日是教堂的哀悼日。
特指耶稣受难日服务期间,基督徒默想耶稣在十字架上的痛苦和死亡,这意味着什么,他们的信仰。
7. Boxing Day:
the old custom and a typical British tradition celebrated on the day after Christmas. People used to give Christmas gifts or money, or ‘Christmas box' , to their staff , employees or tradesmen （ such as the milkman） or servants on this day. And now they mostly do shopping, pay visits, enjoy eating or just relax., it has nothing to do with the sport of ‘boxing' !
7。
节礼日:
古老的习俗和一个典型的英国传统庆祝圣诞节后的第二天。
人们用来给圣诞礼物或钱,或者圣诞节礼物,员工,员工或商人（比如送奶工）或仆人在这一天。
现在他们主要是购物,支付访问,喜欢吃或者放松。
它与运动无关“拳击”!
8. Trooping the Colour :
It happens on the second Saturday in June when the Queen's Birthday is officially celebrated by "Trooping the Color" around Buckingham Palace in London.
8。
皇家军队阅兵:
它发生在6月的第二个周六当女王的生日是正式庆祝“画作色彩”在伦敦的白金汉宫。
9.St.PatricksDay:
isanannualfeastdaywhichgenerallycelebratesSaintPatrick（oneofthepatronsaintsofIreland）onMarch17.ThedayisthenationalholidayofIreland.ItisabankholidayinNorthernIrelandandapublicholidayintheRepublicofIreland.andusedshamrock/clover（三叶草，爱尔兰的国花）toexplaintheChristianTrinity-theFather,Son,andHolySpirit.So,theshamrockisapopularsymboltowearonSt.Patrick’sDay,anditisalsoconsideredveryluckytowearsomethinggreen.
9.圣。
帕特里克:
通常是一个一年一度的节日,庆祝圣帕特里克（爱尔兰的守护神之一）3月17日。
是爱尔兰的国家节日的那一天。
这是一个银行假日在北爱尔兰和爱尔兰共和国的公共假日。
和使用三叶草/三叶草（三叶草,爱尔兰的国花）来解释基督教的三位一体,父亲,儿子,和圣灵。
所以,三叶草是一种流行的穿在圣帕特里克节的象征,这也被认为是非常幸运,穿绿色的东西。
10. Guy Fawkes’ Night:
It is a truly English holiday celebrated in November. It originates from the 1605 Gunpowder Plot- -a plan to blow up the British Parliament, kill the Protestant King and replace him with a Catholic king. People celebrate it by having public bonfires and fireworks. A straw effigy called the “Guy” （one of the conspirators Guy Fawkes） is thrown on the bonfire. The biggest Bonfire Night celebration is held in Lewes.
10。
盖伊·福克斯之夜”:
它是一个真正的英语11月庆祝的节日。
它源于1605年的火药阴谋————计划炸毁英国议会,杀死新教与天主教国王。
国王和取代他人们通过公共篝火和烟花来庆祝新年。
草雕像叫做“家伙”（一个阴谋家的盖伊·福克斯）扔在篝火。
最大的篝火之夜
在刘易斯举行庆祝活动。
2.Question Answering:
15%
1. What is the difference between UK, England, Britain, Great Britain （GB） and British Isles?
英国有什么区别,英国,英国,英国（GB）和不列颠群岛?
2. Say something about “Middle English”. Middle English （ME） describes dialects of English in the history of the English language between the High and Late Middle Ages, or roughly during the three centuries between the late 12th and the late 15th century.
说说“中古英语”。
中古英语（我）描述的英语方言之间的英语语言的历史高位,中世纪后期,约在三个世纪之间的12和15世纪晚期。
3. What is “ Continental breakfast”?
（It s a small meal and is not cooked. It contains a bread roll （or croissant） with cheese or ham and a cup of coffee or orange juice.）
“欧式早餐”是什么?
（一个小餐和不熟。
它包含一个面包卷或羊角面包与奶酪和火腿和一杯咖啡或橙汁。
）
4. How many Bank Holidays in England?
And what are they?
There are eight Bank Holidays in England,which are New Year's Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Early May Bank Holiday （ the 1st Monday in May）, Spring Bank Holiday （the last Monday in May）, Summer Bank Holiday （the lastMonday in August）, Christmas Day, and Boxing Day （December 26th）
有多少银行假日在英国吗?
他们是什么?
有八个在英国银行假期,元旦、耶稣受难日,复活节后的星期一,5月初银行假日（5月1日周一）,春季银行假日（五月的最后一个星期一）,夏季银行假日（8月lastMonday）,圣诞节和节礼日（12月26日）
5. What is the Christmas Pantomime?
A typical British Christmas tradition,which is a comical musical play usually based on a popular traditional children’s story. There are two main characters in the play:
“the principal boy”, played by a young woman, and “the Dame”, played by a man. It is a play with songs and jokes which can be enjoyed by both adults and children.
什么是圣诞哑剧?
一个典型的英国圣诞节的传统,这是一个滑稽的音乐剧通常基于一个流行的传统的儿童故事。
有两个主要人物:
“校长的男孩”,由一个年轻的女人,“夫人”,由一个人扮演。
这个歌曲和玩的笑话都可以享受成人和儿童。
6. Say something about the Easter celebration.
As Easter is always a Sunday, many countries in the world also have Easter Monday as a public holiday. Some retail stores, shopping malls, and restaurants are closed on Easter Sunday. Easter eggs are specially decorated eggs given out to celebrate the Easter holiday.In addition, the Easter Bunny is a popular legendary Easter character.
说说复活节庆祝活动。
复活节总是周日,世界上许多国家也有复活节后的星期一作为一个公共假日。
一些零售商店,购物中心,在复活节和餐馆都关门了。
复活节彩蛋是专门装饰蛋给庆祝复活节。
此外,复活节兔子是一个受欢迎的复活节传奇人物
7. What is St. George’s Day?
By tradition, April 23rd is the day for a red rose in the button hole, the national flower.This was certainly true that St. George's Day was virtually ignored soon after the biggest St Patrick's Day Celebrations.
圣乔治日是什么?
按照传统,4月23日一天的红玫瑰按钮孔,国花。
这是当然,圣乔治日实际上是忽视了不久之后最大的圣帕特里克节庆祝活动。
8. Say something about Scotland’s Hogmanay.
“First Footing” is one widely practiced custom on St. George’s Day. There is a superstitious belief that the first person to cross the threshold of a household in the New Year can bring luck and prosperity. First-footers often bring a bottle of spirits （烈酒）, alcohol, a lump of coal or a peat（泥
炭块） as a gift and are given a “dram of whisky” as their reward.
说一些关于苏格兰的除夕。
“第一脚”是一个广泛的实践定制圣乔治日。
有迷信认为第一个跨越的门槛在新的一年里家庭可以带来好运和繁荣。
部族经常带一瓶烈酒（烈酒）,酒精,一堆煤或泥炭（泥炭块）作为礼物,有一个“dram威士忌”作为奖励。
9. Say something about Black Death. The Black Death is also known as the plague. In the fourteenth century it spread rapidly across Europe and caused a massive reduction in population. People who caught the disease had swellings on their bodies, sometimes as big as eggs. Then the black spots would appear, which gave the disease its name.
说说黑死病。
黑死病也称为瘟疫。
在14世纪它迅速蔓延整个欧洲,造成人口数量大幅减少。
人抓住了疾病对他们的身体肿胀,有时和鸡蛋一样大。
然后会出现黑色的斑点,这给该病名称。
10.Say something about the English Afternoon Tea. Anna Maria Russell, Duchess of Bedford, is widely credited as transforming afternoon tea in England into a late-afternoon meal whilst visiting Belvoir Castle.By the end of the nineteenth century, afternoon tea developed to its current form and was observed by both the upper and middle classes. There are the best things with a fat pink rose on the side of each cup; hearts of lettuce, thin bread and butter, and the crisp little cakes that had been baked,all of these things are laid up on a exquisite table.
11.说说英语下午茶。
贝德福德公爵夫人安娜·玛丽亚·罗素被广泛认为是改变英国下午茶在尾盘餐同时访问贝尔沃城堡。
到19世纪末,下午茶发展到目前的形式,观察到上层和中产阶级。
脂肪粉红色玫瑰有最好的东西在每杯;心的生菜,薄面包和黄油,和被烤的脆的小蛋糕,所有这些东西都放在一个精致的表。
1. Britain consist of _4_ nations， including England, __Wales___, _Scotland__ and _Northern_Ireland.
2. The full name of the United Kingdom is Great Britain and Northern Ireland T.
3. Britain is a country with a history of invasions, in 43 AD Britain was invaded by _Roman_, in the late 8th century they experienced Vikings_ raids from Scandinavia and in the 11th century they suffered invasions from __Normans_.
4. The Anglo-Saxons began to settle in Britain in 5th century.
5. The island of Great Britain is made up to _Britain_, _Scotland_ and _Wales_.
6. London plays a significant role in __British__ economic and
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