参考借鉴商务英语入门术语汇编doc.docx

参考借鉴商务英语入门术语汇编doc.docx

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参考借鉴商务英语入门术语汇编doc

商务英语入门术语汇编

Chapter1：

Terms

EnglishDefinition

中文翻译

soleproprietorship

Anorganizationthatisowned,andusuallRmanaged,bRonepersoniscalledasoleproprietorship.

个人独资企业

partnership

ApartnershipisalegalrelationshipbetweenpersonscarrRingonaprofit-motivatedbusiness.

合伙企业

generalpartnership

AgeneralpartnershipisabusinesswithatleastonegeneralpartnerwhohasunlimitedliabilitRforthedebtsofthebusiness.

普通合伙

generalpartner

主要合伙人

limitedpartnership

Alimitedpartnershipisanarrangementwhereapersoncancontributeabusinesswithoutbeinginvolvedintheaffairsofthepartnership.

有限合伙

limitedpartner

有限合伙人

investor

投资者

creditor

债权人

liabilitR

债务责任

corporation

ThecorporationisalegalentitR（法人实体），allowedbRlegislation,whichpermitsagroupofpeople,asshareholdersormembers,tocreateanorganization,whichcanthenfocusonpursuingsetobjectives.

（股份制）公司

for-profitcompanR

营利性公司

non-profitcompanR

非营利性公司

limitedliabilitR

有限责任（以出资额为限）

unlimitedliabilitR

无线责任（个人财产也要用于清算）

doubletaRation

ThecorporationhastopaRtaResonitsprofits.ThestockholdersmushalsopaRincometaRonthedividendstheRreceivethroughownership.

双重课税

jointventure

AjointventureisthepoolingofresourcesandeRpertisebRtwoormorebusinesses,tRpicallRfromdifferentareasorcountriestoachieveaparticulargoal.

合资公司

limitedliabilitRcompanies（LLC）

AlimitedliabilitRcompanR（LLC）isatRpeofbusinessownershipcombiningseveralfeaturesofcorporationandpartnershipstructures.

有限责任公司

minute

会议记录

merger

AmergeristheresultofthecombinationoftwoormorecompaniestoformanewcompanR.

兼并

acquisition

AnacquisitionisonecompanRbuRingthepropertRandobligationsofanothercompanR.

收购

horizontalmerger

AhorizontalmergerjoinsfirmsinthesameindustrRandallowsthemtodiversitRoreRpandtheirproducts.

横向兼并

verticalmerger

Averticalisthejoiningoftwofirmsinvolvedindifferentstagesofrelatedbusinesses–amanufacturermergingwithasupplierofcomponentproducts,oramanufacturermergingwithadistributorofitsproducts.

纵向兼并

conglomeratemerger

AconglomeratemergerunitesfirmsincompletelRunrelatedindustries.

混合兼并

franchise

Afranchiseistherighttouseabusinessnameandsellproductsorservices,usuallRinaspecificgeographicalterritorR.

特许

franchising

特许经营

franchiser

thepersonwhosellsafranchise

特许者

franchisee

thepersonwhobuRsafranchise

被特许者

Chapter2：

Terms

EnglishDefinition

中文翻译

bandwagoneffect

从众效应

marketassessment

市场评估

marketniche

缝隙市场

marketresearch

市场调查

businessplan

BusinessplanisadetailedwrittendocumentthatdefinesthegoalsofRourbusinessanddescribesthemeansRouwillusetoattainthosegoals,theadvantagesthebusinesswillhaveinrelationtocompetition,andtheresourcesandqualificationsoftheowners.

企业计划书，企划书

leaseagreement

AleaseagreementisacontractbetweenRouandtheownerofthepropertR.

租赁协议

generalbusinesslicense

AgeneralbusinesslicenseisassessedannuallRfortheprivilegeofoperatingabusinessinthejurisdiction.

普通经营许可证

speciallicense

Aspeciallicenseisonethatisissuedtoabusinessthatwillprovideproductsorservicesthatrequireregulation.

特殊经营许可证

cashfloat

现金流

overdraft

透支

bankstatement

银行结单

Chapter3：

Terms

EnglishDefinition

中文翻译

fringebenefits

附加福利

corporateethics

corporateethicsaretheevaluationofcorporateactivitiesandbehaviorasrightorwrong.

企业道德

ethicaldilemma

道德困境

corporatesocialresponsibilitR（CSR）

CorporatesocialresponsibilitRistheawarenessthatbusinessactivitieshaveanimpactonsocietR,andtheconsiderationofthatimpactbRfirmsindecisionmaking.

企业社会责任

corporateculture

CorporatecultureisdescribedasthepersonalitRofanorganization,includingsuchelementsascorevaluesandbeliefs,corporateethics,andrulesofbehavior.

企业文化

corevalues

核心价值观

risk-takingpersonalitR

喜欢冒险的个性

attention-to-detailpersonalities

注重细节的个性

outcome-orientedpersonalities

注重结果的个性

customerservice

客服

people-orientedpersonalitR

以人为本的个性

team-orientedpersonalitR

注重团队合作的个性

aggressivepersonalitR

积极进取的个性

non-stablepersonalitR

不求稳的个性

codesofethics

道德规范

corporateclimate

企业氛围

Chapter4：

Terms

EnglishDefinition

中文翻译

management

Managementisdefinedastheapplicationofplanning,organizing,directing,andcontrollingfunctionsinthemostefficientmannerpossibletoaccomplishmeaningfulorganizationalobjectives.

管理

planning

Planningisamanagementfunctionwhichmeansdefininggoalsforfutureorganizationalperformanceanddecidingonthetasksanduseofresourcesneededtoattainthem.

计划

strategicplanning/long-rangeplanning

Strategicplanningdeterminesthemajorgoalsoftheorganizationaswellasthepolicies,procedures,andstrategiesforobtainingandusingresourcestoachievethosegoals.

战略规划/长期规划

tacticalplanning/short-rangeplanning

Tacticalplanningistheprocessofdevelopingdetailed,short-termstrategiesaboutwhatistobedone,whoistodoit,andhowitistobedone.

战术规划/短期规划

operationalplanning

OperationalplanningistheprocessofsettingworkstandardsandschedulesnecessarRtoimplementthetacticalobjectives.

运营规划

contingencRplanning

ContingencRplanningistheprocessofpreparingalternativecoursesofactionthatmaRbeusediftheprimarRplansdon’tachievetheorganization’sobjectives.

应急计划

organizing

OrganizingisamanagementfunctionthattRpicallRfollowsplanningandreflectshowtheorganizationtriestoaccomplishtheplan.

组织

structuralreorganization

结构重组

directing

directingistheuseofinfluencetomotivateemploReestoachieveorganizationalgoals.

领导，指挥

autocraticleadership

Autocraticleadership,theclosestRleofsupervision,meansprovidingsubordinateswithdetailedjobinstructions.

专制型领导

democraticleadership

Democraticleadership,thegeneralsupervision,isamanagementstRleinwhichthemanagerconsultswithsubordinatesaboutjobactivities,problems,andcorrectiveactions.

民主性领导

controlling

ControllingisamanagementfunctionthatinvolvesverifRingthatactualperformancematchestheplan.

控制

organizationalstructure

Organizationalstructureistheformaldecision-makingframeworkbRwhichjobtasksaredivided,grouped,andcoordinated.

组织结构

top-levelmanagers

TopmanagersarethosewhotaketheresponsibilitRofsettingorganizationalgoals,definingstrategiesforachievingthem,monitoringandinterpretingtheeRternalenvironment,andmakingdecisionsthataffecttheentireorganization.

高层管理者

middle-levelmanagers

Middle-levelmanagersarethosewhoreceivethebroadoverallstrategies,missions,andobjectivesfromtop-levelmanagersandtranslatethemintospecificactionprograms.

中层管理者

first-levelmanagers

First-levelmanagersarethosewhoemphasizedirectingandcontrollingtheworkofemploReesinordertoachievetheteamgoals.

基层管理者

supervisor

主管（基层管理者）

managerialroles

经理人角色

figureheadrole

ThemanagerhandlesceremonialandsRmbolicactivitiesforthedepartmentororganization.

名誉领袖角色

liaisonrole

Themanagerinteractswithpeersandpeopleinsideandoutsidetheorganization.

联络人角色

leaderrole

Theleaderroleencompassesrelationshipswithsubordinates,includingmotivation,communication,andinfluence.

领导人角色

monitorrole

ThemanagerreceivesandcollectsinformationfrommanRsources.

监听者角色

disseminatorrole

Themanagertransmitsspecialinformationintotheorganization.

传播者角色

spokespersonrole

Themanagerdisseminatestheorganization’sinformationintoitsenvironment.

发言人角色

entrepreneurrole

Themanagerinitiateschange.

企业家角色

disturbancehandlerrole

Themanagerresolvesconflictsamongsubordinatesorbetweenhis/herdepartmentandotherdepartments.

障碍排除者

resourceallocatorrole

Theresourceallocatorroleisaboutdecisionsofallocatingpeople,time,equipment,budget,andotherresourcestoattaindesiredoutcomes.

资源分配者

negotiatorrole

Themanagernegotiatesonbehalfoftheorganization.

谈判者

conceptualskill

conceptualskillisthecognitiveabilitRtoseetheorganizationasawholeandtherelationshipamongitsparts.

概念技能

humanskill

Humanskillisthemanager’sabilitRtoworkwithandthroughotherpeopleandtoworkeffectivelRasagroupmember.

人际技能

technicalskill

TechnicalskillistheunderstandingofandproficiencRintheperformanceofspecifictasks.

技术技能/业务技能

Chapter5：

Terms

EnglishDefinition

中文翻译

production

Productionistheprocessoftransforminginputssuchasrawmaterialsintooutputssuchasgoodsandservices.

生产

manufacturing

ManufacturingisonepartofproductionwhichmeansmakinggoodsbRhandorwithmachinerRasopposedtoeRtractingthingsfromtheearth（miningandfishing）.

制造

operation

OperationsarethefunctionsneededtokeepthecompanRproducing,literallRanRfunctionorseriesoffunctionsintroducedtocarrRoutastrategicplan.

运作

inputs

Inputstotheproductionprocessarethoseresourcesthatwillbeneededtoproducethedesiredgoodsorservices.

投入品

transformation

TransformationconsistsofthoseproductionactivitiesthattaketheinputsandcombinetheminsomespecialwaRtoproducetheoutput.

改造，转换

outputs

Theoutputisthefinalresultoftheproductionprocess.

产品

plantlocation

Plantlocationcanmeanthedifferencebetweenprofitandlossforafirm.

厂址的选定

productionprocess

生产工艺

manufacturingprocess

制造工艺

assemblRprocess

装配工艺

sRntheticprocess

合成工艺

analRticprocess

分解工艺

continuousprocess

连续性生产工艺

intermittentprocess

机械性生产工艺

materialsmanagement

物料管理

materialsrequirementsplanning（MRP）

MRPisacomputer-basedsRstemthatusessalesforecaststomakesurethatneededpartsandmaterialsareavailableattherightplaceandtherighttime.

物料需求计划

manufacturingresourceplanning（MRPII）

MRPIIisanadvancedversionofMRPthatallowsplantstoincludealltheresourcesinvolvedintheefficientmakingofaproduct.

制造资源计划

enterpriseresourceplanning（ERP）

ERPisacomputer-basedproductionandoperationssRstemthatlinksmultiplefirmsintooneintegratedproductionunit.

企业资源计划

purchasing

PurchasingisthefunctioninthecompanRthatsearchesforqualitRmaterialresources.

采购

inventorR

InventorRreferstoalistofgoodsandmaterialsheldavailableinstock.

库存

inventorRcontrol

库存控制

manufacturer

制造商

distributor

分销商

wholesaler

批发商

retailer

零售商

Just-in-time（JIT）inventorRcontrol

Theideaistohavesuppliersdelivertheirproducts“justintime”togoontheassemblRline.

准时库存控制

JITII

准时库存控制二代

jobschedule

Ajobscheduleistheplanforaparticularjob.

工作计划

scheduling

Schedulingamalgamateseveraljobschedules.

制订计划

productionschedule/factorRschedule

生产计划/工厂计划

masterproductionschedule

主生产计划