全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题和答案.docx

全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题和答案.docx

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全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题和答案

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一试题

SectionI  UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?

Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!

"___1__helpingyoufeelcloseand__2___topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa___3__ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou__4___gettingsickthiswinter.

Inarecentstudy___5__over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs___6__theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing___7__tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome___8__withacold,andtheresearchers__9___thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging___10__about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect.___11__amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere__12___.

"Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe___13__riskforcoldsthat'susually__14___withstress,"notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelps__15___thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp___16__difficulty."

Someexperts___17__thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone"__18___itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit___19__inthebrain,whereit__20___mood,behaviorandphysiology.

1.[A]Besides               [B]Unlike                    [C]Throughout             [D]Despite

2.[A]equal                [B]restricted                [C]connected              [D]inferior

3.[A]view                   [B]host                      [C]lesson                   [D]choice

4.[A]avoid                [B]forget                   [C]recall                    [D]keep

5.[A]collecting          [B]affecting                 [C]guiding                   [D]involving

6.[A]on                      [B]in                           [C]at                           [D]of

7.[A]devoted               [B]attracted                 [C]lost                        [D]exposed

8.[A]along                  [B]across                     [C]down                    [D]out

9.[A]imagined            [B]denied                  [C]doubted                  [D]calculated

10.[A]served               [B]restored                  [C]explained              [D]required

11.[A]Thus                 [B]Still                      [C]Rathe                    [D]Even

12.[A]defeats            [B]symptoms             [C]errors                     [D]tests

13.[A]highlighted        [B]increased               [C]controlled               [D]minimized

14. [A]presented        [B]equipped                 [C]associated               [D]compared

15.[A]assess                [B]generate                  [C]moderate                [D]record

16.[A]inthenameof   [B]intheformof        [C]inthefaceof          [D]inthewayof

17.[A]attribute            [B]commit                   [C]transfer                   [D]return

18.[A]unless               [B]because                   [C]though                    [D]until

19.[A]remains             [B]emerges                  [C]vanishes                  [D]decreases

20.[A]experiences       [B]combines                [C]justifies                  [D]influences

SectionII ReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.Anditshould:

WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration（TSA）foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.

Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.

ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:

EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved.TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:

Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto____________.

[A]explainAmerican’stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.

[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

23.Theword“expedited”（Liner4,Para.5）isclosetinmeaningto____________.

[A]quieter.

[B]cheaper.

[C]wider.

[D]faster.

24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis____________.

[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]thegovernment’sreluctancetobackit.

[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthetext?

[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[B]PreCheck–aBelatedSolution

[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

Text2

“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,”wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897.StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope（TMT）,agiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast；itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

Theastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestocha