高考英语浙江专用增分二轮试题专题二阅读理解第二节题型四13Word版含答案.docx
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高考英语浙江专用增分二轮试题专题二阅读理解第二节题型四13Word版含答案
十三、主旨大意——段落大意题
(2018·江苏,B)
Inthe1760s,MathurinRozeopenedaseriesofshopsthatboasted(享有)aspecialmeatsoupcalledconsommé.Althoughthemainattractionwasthesoup,Roze’schainshopsalsosetanewstandardfordiningout,whichhelpedtoestablishRozeastheinventorofthemodernrestaurant.
Today,scholarshavegeneratedlargeamountsofinstructiveresearchaboutrestaurants.Takevisualhintsthatinfluencewhatweeat:
dinersservedthemselvesabout20percentmorepasta(意大利面食)whentheirplatesmatchedtheirfood.Whenadark-coloredcakewasservedonablackplateratherthanawhiteone,customersrecognizeditassweeterandmoretasty.
Lightingmatters,too.WhenBerlinrestaurantcustomersateindarkness,theycouldn’ttellhowmuchthey’dhad:
thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller,andtheywerejustasreadyfordessert.
Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.Unlikefast-foodplaces,finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Onewaytoencouragecustomerstostayandorderthatextraround:
putonsomeMozart(莫扎特).Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.Fastmusichurrieddinersout.Particularscentsalsohaveaneffect:
dinerswhogotthescentoflavender(薰衣草)stayedlongerandspentmorethanthosewhosmelledlemon,ornoscent.
Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—“bad”tables,crowding,highprices—don’tnecessarily.Dinersatbadtables—nexttothekitchendoor,say—spentnearlyasmuchasothersbutsoonfled.Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables,”giventhatthey’reprofitable.Asforcrowds,aHongKongstudyfoundthattheyincreasedarestaurant’sreputation,suggestinggreatfoodatfairprices.Anddoublingabuffet’spriceledcustomerstosaythatitspizzawas11percenttastier.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,主要通过引入现代餐馆的鼻祖马蒂兰·罗兹制订的标准以及学者对于餐馆的研究来介绍现代餐馆在经营中影响食客消费的几个要素:
视觉要素餐具、灯光、听觉要素音乐、嗅觉要素气味、其他要素桌位、拥挤程度和价格。
本文旨在通过现代餐馆的经营理念,让考生了解西方现代餐馆的经营之道。
58.Theunderlinedphrase“nonethewiser”inParagraph3mostprobablyimpliesthatthecustomerswere.
A.notawareofeatingmorethanusual
B.notwillingtosharefoodwithothers
C.notconsciousofthefoodquality
D.notfondofthefoodprovided
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。
根据第三段中的“...thosegivenextra-largesharesatemorethaneveryoneelse,butwerenonethewiser—theydidn’tfeelfuller...”可知,那些被给以大份饭菜的食客比其他人吃得多,但他们没觉得更饱,这说明在黑暗的就餐环境下,食客并不清楚自己多吃了多少,所以此处的nonethewiser是“不清楚,不知道”之意。
故选A项。
59.Howcouldafinediningshopmakemoreprofit?
A.Playingclassicalmusic.
B.Introducinglemonscent.
C.Makingthelightbrighter.
D.Usingplatesoflargersize.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第四段中的“Whenclassical,ratherthanpop,musicwasplaying,dinersspentmore.”可知,当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时候,食客们会花更多的钱。
spentmore就是对题干中makemoreprofit的语意转化。
故选A项。
60.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?
A.Tipstoattractmorecustomers.
B.Problemsrestaurantsarefacedwith.
C.Waystoimproverestaurants’reputation.
D.Commonmisunderstandingsaboutrestaurants.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。
根据最后一段首句中的“thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—‘bad’tables,crowding,highprices—don’tnecessarily”可知,你可能认为会打消你消费的念头的东西——位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高——未必如此(指在某些人看来,这些不利因素未必不会带来利润的增加)。
由此可知,作者认为这些对于餐馆的常见观点是一种误解,故选D项。
一、题型解读
段落大意类题型多在说明文和议论文中进行考查,这类文章涉及多种话题如社会文化类、科普说明类等。
设问形式常有:
(1)Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?
(2)Themainideaofthesecondparagraphprobablyis.
(3)Whatisthemainideaofthefirstparagraph?
(4)Thefirstparagraphismainlyabout.
二、解题技巧——“首尾兼顾”知段意
(1)段首:
说明文和议论文中的主题句常在段首句
(2)段尾:
先表述细节,后归纳概括,段落中心在段尾
(3)段中间:
先用一句或几句话引出要表达的主题,再陈述主题,再论述细节,即引出主题→段落中心→再论述
(4)没有明显段落中心时,需概括段落内容,总结段落中心
例如:
【真题感悟】中第60题,根据文章最后一段第一句“Meanwhile,thingsthatyoumightexpecttodiscouragespending—‘bad’tables,crowding,highprices—don’tnecessarily.”可知,你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如:
不好的桌子、拥挤以及高价等不一定会影响人们的消费,然后依次举例进行了证明,所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解,故选D。
A
(2018·贵州安顺质检)
Mostofushavelostourwalletatsomestageinourlives.Butfewwouldimaginehavingitreturnedafteranearlyseven-decadegap.EdwardParkerdroppedhiswalletin1950intoaninaccessiblespotbehindabookshelf,whileworkingasanelectrician,repairingWorldWarTwobombdamageinthepalace.Thewalletstayedthereuntilthisyearwhenabuilder,doingsome1restorationwork,finallyfoundit.
Thewalletisatimecapsule.Itsleatherandwebbinghaslongagostartedtodisintegrate.Butitcontainsnumerouspicturesoffamily,invoices(发票),receipts,oldunioncards,resultsofachestX-ray(senttohimin1948,thesameyearastheNHSwasfounded),anationalservicecarddated9December1944andamedicalinsurancecard.Hisbusinesscards—EParker,ElectricalContractor—seemalmostoriginal.Reflectingthetypicalmethodsofcontactofthetime,theyhaveanaddressbutnotelephonenumber.
AmonthagoIwasspeakingtoa8pressofficeratLambethPalaceandhementionedthatthewallethadjustbeenhandedin.Wethoughtitmightbenicetotryandworkoutwhoseitwasandgiveitbacktothefamily.EdwardParkerisaprettycommonname,buthismedicalcardcontainedtwoplacesofresidence—PoetsRoadandSpringdaleRoadinnorthLondon.Fromthis,IslingtonCouncilwereabletofinddetailsofamarriagebetweenEdwardParkerandConstanceButlerin1947.
ThatinformationwasenoughtoworkoutthathewasstillaliveandinacarehomeinEssex,soIwenttovisithim.Now89,Edwardhasdementia(痴呆),buthewasclearlyhappytogetthewalletandinparticular,thephotographsback.Hepointedoutpicturesofhismotherandfather,hisbrother,hiscousinsandhiswifeConstance,whowaswithhimwhenIvisited.“Hehadn’tseenapictureofhisfathersincehelostthewallet,”Constance,90,says.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道,介绍了一个物归原主的故事。
爱德华·帕克曾是一名电工,他于1950年维修因二战受损的宫廷时,不慎将钱包丢失。
直到今年,钱包被一名宫廷修复工人发现。
钱包里的物品充满了那个年代的回忆,89岁的爱德华·帕克重新拿到钱包,非常开心。
1.WecanpossiblyinferthatEdwardParker.
A.onceworkedasanelectricaltechnician
B.alwayslosthiswallet
C.onceparticipatedinWorldWarⅡ
D.onceworkedasarestorationbuilder
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。
根据第一段第二句“EdwardParkerdroppedhiswalletin1950intoaninaccessiblespotbehindabookshelf,whileworkingasanelectrician,repairingWorldWarTwobombdamageinthepalace.”可知,EdwardParker曾是一名electrician(电工),因此A项正确。
2.What’sthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?
A.Thematerialofthewallet.
B.Theproducerofthewallet.
C.The9contentsofthewallet.
D.Theshapeofthewallet.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。
本题适合用排除法。
A项钱包的材质;B项钱包的制造商;C项钱包里的东西;D项钱包的外形。
根据文章第二段,其中提到了钱包的外皮及边线已破损,钱包里有picturesoffamily(家人照片),invoices(发票),receipts(收据),oldunioncards(工会卡),resultsofachestX-ray(胸片报告),anationalservicecard(服务卡),amedicalinsurancecard(医保卡),businesscards(名片)等物品,可知A项表述片面,B、D项未提及,仅C项符合题意。
故选C。
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disintegrate”inthesecondparagraphmean?
A.2Maintain.B.Damage.
C.Disappear.D.Destroy.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。
根据第二段第二句“Butitcontains...(但是,钱包里有……)”可知,钱包外皮还在,排除C、D项,A项“维护”,不符合文意;B项“损坏”,根据第二段前两句可知,“虽然钱包的外皮及边线已破损,但里面有……”,符合题意。
故选B。
4.Whatplaysakeyroleinreturningthewallettoitsowner?
A.Businesscard.B.Nationalservicecard.
C.Oldunioncard.D.Medicalcard.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据第三段第三句中的“buthismedicalcardcontainedtwoplacesofresidence”可知,他的医保卡上有两个住址,此处明确了医保卡是找到主人的关键物品。
故选D。
B
Inthird-worldcountriessuchasSwazilandandHaiti,a$15-dollarinventionismakingaworldofdifference.Nokero,acompanystartedbyBrianRants,sellslampsthatdonotrequirekerosene(煤油).Thesesolarlampshavebecomeastaple(主流产品)incountriesinAfrica,toprovidelightforreadingandsafetyatnight.
Nokerohassoldover500,000lampsinover120countriessinceitwasfirstfoundedin2010andRantsthinksthedemandforhisproductwillonlycontinuetoincrease.Mostlampsfoundinthird-worldcountries3currentlyrequirekerosenetorun,butkerosenecausesindoorpollutionandhasbeenlinkedtofiresthathavecausedoveramilliondeaths.
Insteadofexperiencingtheeffectsofsmoking40cigarettesadayfromkerosenelamps,Rantsthinkshissolarlampscouldbetheanswerforthird-worldcountries.TheEconomistagrees,callingsolarlights“thenextbig4innovationfortheworld’spoor”.Nokero’ssolarlampsarehigherinqualityandlessexpensivethanalotofsolartechnology,makingthemapractical6optionformanypeopleinthird-worldcountries.
Ratherthangivingsolarlampstoindividualsinneed,Nokero’s7missionistomakethem5affordable.ThroughresearchRantshasrealizedthatindividualswhobuyasolarproductwouldtakebettercareofitandvalueitmorethaniftheyreceiveditforfree.FamilieswhobuyNokero’ssolarlampsmakeupthecostinjustafewmonthsofnothavingtobuykeroseneorpayforoff-the-gridelectricity.
SomeactivistshaveattackedcompaniessuchasNokeroforsellingproductstothepoorratherthansimplygivingthemoutforfree.Theyarguethatthesecompaniesunfairlyprofitfromthepoor.However,Rantsdisagrees.Familiesreceiveaproductthatismuchhigherinqualitythanwhattheymightreceiveforfreeandfeelasenseofownershiphavingpurchaseditforthemselves.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了由Nokero公司发明的不需要煤油的太阳能灯具,这些太阳能灯已经成为非洲国家的主流产品,为夜间的阅读和安全提供照明。
5.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarlampsinthepassage?
A.Theysaveenergyandcausenopollution.
B.Theyequaltheeffectof40cigarettesaday.
C.Theyaregiventotheindividualsfreeofcharge.
D.Theyhelptosavekeroseneinthird-worldcountries.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第二段末句“Mostlampsfoundinthird-worldcountriescurrentlyrequirekerosenetorun,butkerosenecausesindoorpollutionandhasbeenlinkedtofiresthathavecausedoveramilliondeaths.”可知,这种太阳能灯既节约能源,又没有污染。
故选A。
6.AccordingtoRants,ifthepooraregivent