自建城至今已有3000多年的历史.docx

自建城至今已有3000多年的历史.docx

《自建城至今已有3000多年的历史.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《自建城至今已有3000多年的历史.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

自建城至今已有3000多年的历史

自建城至今已有3000多年的历史。

开封是我国七大古都之一.开封古称东京（亦有汴梁、汴京之称），简称汴，位于河南省东部

KaifengisoneofthesevenancientcapitalsinChina.Ithasexistedfor3,000yearssinceitwasbuild.KaifengwascalledDongJing（alsoknownasBianLiang,BianJing）.AnditislocatedintheeastofHenanprovince.

历史文化

　开封是中国首批公布的24座历史文化名城之一。

北宋时期，开封（史称东京）为宋朝国都长达168年，人口达到150余万，是一座气势雄伟，规模宏大，富丽辉煌的都城。

为中国政治、经济、文化中心和繁华的世界大都会。

北宋画家张择端绘制的巨幅画卷《清明上河图》，生动形象地描绘了东京开封城的繁华景象。

北宋也是继唐代以后科技、文化、艺术发展的又一鼎盛时期，创造了一代灿烂辉煌对后世影响深远的宋文化。

Kaifengisoneof24seatshistoricalandculturalcitieswhichwerefirstreleased.IntheNorthernSongDynasty,KaiFengwasthenationalcapitalfor168years.ThenumberofPopulationreached1,500,000,KaiFengwhichwasamomentummajesticscale,richlybrilliantcapitalwasChina'spolitical,economicandculturalcenterandprosperousmetropolisintheworld.TheNorthernSongDynastypainterZhangZeduan,swork"QingMingShangHeTu"vividlyportrayedthethebustlingsceneinKaiFeng.theNorthernSongDynastywhichwasaperiodofgreatprosperityinthedevelopmentofscience,technology,culture,artafterTangDynastycreatedagenerationofbrilliantSongCultureandprofoundinfluenceonlatergenerations.

风景名胜

placesofinterest

TherearemanyScenicspotsinmyhometown.suchasMemorialTempleofLordBao,Qingmingshanghegardenandmanyothers.DuetothetimereasontodayIjusttalkabouttwoofthemasfollows.

MemorialTempleofLordBao

ItisbuildforaofficerBaoZhengwhoworkedinNorthernSongDynasty,BaoZheng（999－1062）wasborninHefeiinAnhuiprovince.Forthousandsofyears,heisalwaysamonumentinChinesepeople,sheart,hegivesapersonthestrengthtosurvive;Giveapersonwithtoughsearchs;Giveapersonwithimitationmodel.千百年来，包公一直是人们心目中的一个丰碑，他给人以生存的力量；给人以坚韧的求索；给人以师法的典范。

Lookingatthepicture,wecanseeamenwhichismadebycoppersittinginthechair.Itisthepresentofmrbao.Heisoneofthesongdynastyinkaifengofficials,officerafterincumbencyenforcementspecialfair,fairselfless,solvinglikegod,wasawardedtheprivilegeofimperialXianZhanHouZouatthattime,hisexistencefortakingbribesWuLiandZhangShinoblehassomedeterrenteffect,lifeforthepeople,bythepeopletoavengethecountlesscommemoratinghisbeloved,rememberedforitsbuiltinkaifengshrineofbaogonginvolved.Itislocatedinkaifeng,coveringahectarepackMr.Laketotheleft.Lordexhibitionhalls,secondtemple,awarrior,corridors,etc,andDamon,statues,copperZhadisplayofbaogonginvolvedwax,andbaogonginvolvedsolvingbaogonginvolvedKaiFengFunomination,thehistoryrecordswrittenlaw,tabletinscription,etc.Styleofprimitivesimplicity,solemn.

他是宋朝的一个官员，官居开封府尹，后因在职期间执法特别公正，铁面无私，断案如神，被朝廷授予先斩后奏的特权，他的存在在当时对贪赃污吏以及仗势贵族起到了一定的震慑作用，一生为百姓伸冤无数，深受百姓的爱戴，后人为了纪念他在开封为其修建了包公祠。

位于开封市包公湖畔，占地一公顷左右。

主展区有大殿、二殿、东西配殿、回廊、碑亭、大门、二门等，陈列包公铜像、铜铡及包公断案蜡像、包公史料典籍、《开封府提名记碑》、碑文等。

风格古朴，庄严肃穆。

Qingmingshanghegarden

　　ThebeautifulpictureisonesiteofQingmingshanghegarden,itislocatedinnorthernofthecity,itwasbuildaccordingtothepicture"QingMingShangHeTu"madebyZhangZeduanwhowasaprinterinSongDynasty.ItreflectsthecustomsofSongDynasty位于开封城西北隅，以北宋画家张择端绘制的巨幅画卷《清明上河图》中所描绘的东京开封的繁华景象，是一座大型民俗风景游乐园。

集中再现原图风物景观的大型宋代民俗风情游乐园。

WELCOMETOKAIFENG

Kaifeng,knownpreviouslybyseveralnames（seebelow）,isaprefecture-levelcityineasternHenanprovince,People'sRepublicofChina.LocatedalongthesouthernbankoftheYellowRiver,itborderstheprovincialcapitalofZhengzhoutothewest,Xinxiangtothenorthwest,Shangqiutotheeast,Zhoukoutothesoutheast,Xuchangtothesouthwest,andtheprovinceofShandongtothenortheast.

KaifengisoneoftheSevenAncientCapitalsofChina.AswithBeijing,therehavebeenmanyreconstructionsduringitshistory.

In364BCduringtheWarringStatesPeriod,theStateofWeifoundedacitycalledDaliangasitscapitalinthisarea.Duringthisperiod,thefirstofmanycanalsintheareawasconstructedlinkingalocalrivertotheYellowRiver.WhentheStateofWeiwasconqueredbytheStateofQin,Kaifengwasdestroyedandabandonedexceptforamid-sizedmarkettown,whichremainedinplace.

Earlyinthe7thcentury,KaifengwastransformedintoamajorcommercialhubwhenitwasconnectedtotheGrandCanalaswellasthroughtheconstructionofacanalrunningtowesternShandongProvince.

ThecityofKaifengisonehtEastHenanPlainsouthoftheYellowRiver.DuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,theplacebecamethefiefofDukeZaung（757-701B.C.）oftheStateofZheng,whostartedtobuildacityandnameditKaifeng,meaning"openingupnewterritory."ItwasalsocalledBianliangaftertheWarringStatesPeriod（475-221B.C.）.

KaifengservedascapitalforsevenfeudalistdynastiesinChinesehistory.Adoneofthe"sixgreatcapitals"ofChina,togetherwithBeijing,Xi'an,Nanjing,Luoyang,andHangzhou,itusedtobeaveryprosperouscity,especiallyduringtheNorthernSongDynasty（A.D.960-1127）.ThegrandeurandprosperityofKaifengisvividlypresentedinaclassicalpainting,"RiverSceneatQingmingFestival,"bythewell-knownartistZhangZeduanoftheNorthernSongDynasty.

However,theformersplendorofKaifengwasgraduallydiminishedbywarsandYellowRiverfloods.Today,manyculturalrelicsandruinsremain,andpartofthecityisbeingreconstructedtoresembleoldKaifengasitlookedlikeintheSongDynasty.Whentheworkisfinished,thehistoricoldcitywillbecomeanimportantstoponthetourist'sitinerary.

Asanoldculturalcenter,Kaifengiswellknownforitssilkproductsandembroidery.

KingYu'sTerrace（Yuwangtai）

ThisterraceinsoutheastKaifengisalsoknownasMusicTerraceinmemoryofablindmusician,ShiKuang,whoissaidtohaveplayedmusichere2,600yearsago.

DuringtheMingDynasty（A.D.1368-1644）,KaifengwasrepeatedlyfloodedwhentheYellowRiveroverfloweditsbanks.TocommemorateKingYu,thelegendaryleaderoftheXiaDynasty（c.twenty-second-seventeenthcenturies）,whodevotedhiswifetothetamingoftheflood,thepeoplerenamedtheplaceKingYu'sTerraceanderectedabronzestatueofKingYuonthespot.

MajorbuildingsonKingYu'sTerraceincludetheKing'sLibrary（Yushulou）,TempleofThreeSaints（Sanxiansi）,KingYu'sTemple,andtheWaterVirtueTemple（Shuidesi）.KingYu'sTempleissaidtohavehousedastatueofKingYuandsomeofhistoolsusedinfloodcontrol.TheTempleofThreeSaintswasbuiltinmemoryofthethreegreatpoetsoftheTangDynasty,Libai,DuFu,andGaoShi,whocaneheretocomposepoemswhiledrinkingwineinthespringof744.Atthebackofthetemple,thereisapavilionwhichhousesatabletbearinginscriptionsofEmperorQianLong（1736-1795）oftheQingDynastywrittenononeofhisinspectiontours.

PrimeMinister'sTempel（Xiangguosi）

OneofthemostfamoustemplesofChinastandsinthecenterofKaifeng.Builtin555duringtheNorthernQIDynasty（550-577）,ithasahistoryofover1,400years.ItwasreconstructedandenlargedduringtheTandandSongdynasties;destroyedbyaYellowRiverfloodattheendoftheMingDynasty（1368-1644）,itwasreconstructedagainatthebeginningoftheQingDynasty.

ThemainstructuresofthetemplearetheGrandHall,theOctagonalHall,theeastandwestchambers,andotherbuildingsholdingBuddhistsutras.

InsidetheOctagonalHallthereisawoodenstatueoftheGoddessofMercywithmanyhandsandeyeswhichwascarvedduringthereignofEmperorQianLong（1736-1795）oftheQingDynastyandwhichisregardedasamasterpieceofwoodcarvingfromthatera.

IronPagoda

LocatedinIronPagodaParkinthenortheastpartofthecity,thisstructurewasbuiltin1049duringtheNorthernSongDynasty.Withahistoryofmorethanninehundredyears,itisoneoftheearliestconstructionsmadeofglazedbricksandtilesinChina.Itgotitsnamefromtheiron-graycolorofitsglazedbricks.Theoctagonalpagodaisfifty-fivemetershigh（withitsfoundationburiedinsiltfromtheYellowRiver）andhasthirteenlevels.Althoughitwasconstructedofglazedbricksofdifferentshapesandsizes,itlooksverymuchlikeahugewoodenpillar,withcarvedpatternsofBuddhas,flowers,humanfiguresandlegendaryanimals,allrepresentingthehighlydevelopedworkmanshipoftheSongDynasty.ThetopofthepagodaaffordsagoodviewofthewholecityofKaifeng.

DragonPavilion

ThissplendidbuildinginthenorthwestcornerofthecitywasoriginallythesiteoftheimperialpalaceoftheNorthernSongDynasty.Thepresentbuildingwasreconstructedin1692duringtheQingDynasty.Standingonathirteen-meter-highbrickfoundation,itiscoveredwithgoldenglazedtilesandhasgracefulupturnedeaves.Onaslantingstonehalfwayuptheseventy-twostepswhichleadtoaraisedplatforminfrontofthebuilding,therearesomevaguehorseshoeoutlinesamongthecarveddragonpatterns.Accordingtoanoldlegend,thehorseshoeprintswereleftbyEmperorTaiZu,ZhaoKuangyin（727-976）,oftheSongDynastywhenherodeupthestepsonhorseback.

开封年俗：

开封民间称春节为“过年”。

但是，过年并非单指阴历正月初一，还包括年头、年尾，从旧岁的十二月初八至新年正月初五均是年日。

旧时，开封流传有句俗语说：

“腊八、祭灶，新年来到，姑娘要花，小子要炮。

”所以，一到“腊八”，开封城乡便有“年味儿”了。

二十三、祭灶官。

十二月二十三日为我国民间祭灶节，人们为了让灶王向天上玉皇大帝多说好话，家家都要摆上灶王爷的牌位，有的在牌位两边对子上写着“上天言好事，下界送吉祥”。

意为灶王爷饯行。

祭灶过后，家家都忙于置买年货，打扫房子迎接新年，尤其是烟、酒、鱼、肉和走亲戚用的礼品更不能少。

置办年货一直忙到腊月三十。

于今开封仍流传有一首过春节的民谣：

“二十三，祭灶官；二十四，扫房子；二十五，打豆腐；二十六，去割肉；二十七，杀只鸡；二十八，杀只鸭；二十九，去打酒；年三十儿，贴门旗儿。

”

大年三十儿惯称除夕，家家户户都要贴春联。

以往这一天，开封还有诸多旧俗。

如“文官封印”、“武官封操”、“商业封门”、“说书封板”、“讨饭的封棍”等，诸如此类。

而民间最重要的活动除夕之夜的祭祖和守岁。

现在除夕，开封人仍沿袭以往许多好的习俗。

除夕之夜虽然不再“祭祖”了。

但有的互拜亲友，看电视，猜谜语，直至深夜，有的全家人团聚一堂，互相勉励，总结一年来收获，制定新的一年工作和学习计划。

"守岁"在新时代赋予了新的内容。

当午夜的钟声响过，人们争放第一挂鞭炮，这又意味着开封人开启未来的决心和干劲。

正月初一，家家即早起床，更