语言学概论复习重点题目附答案.docx

语言学概论复习重点题目附答案.docx

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语言学概论复习重点题目附答案

Linguistics:

I.Directions:

Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets

1.（）Thestudyoflanguageasawholeisoftencalled__________linguistics.

A.particularB.generalC.ordinaryD.generative

2.（）__________canbesimplydefinedasthespeechsoundsweusewhenspeakingalanguage.

A.PhonesB.SoundsC.PhonemesD.Speechsounds

3.（）Thetwoclausesina__________sentencearestructurallyequalpartsofthesentence.

A.simpleB.completeC.complexD.coordinate

4.（）Thegoalof__________istoexplorethenatureoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseamongavarietyofspeechcommunitiesandindifferentsocialsituations.

A.psycholinguisticsB.sociolinguisticsC.historicallinguisticsD.generallinguistics

5.（）A__________vowelisonethatisproducedwiththefrontpartofthetonguemaintainingthehighestposition.

A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle

6.（）Theopen,backandlongvowelis__________.

A.［ɑ：

］B.［ɔ：

］C.［ə：

］D.［u:

］

7.（）Languagechangeisuniversal,continuousand,toaconsiderableextent__________.

A.regularbutnotsystematicB.irregularandsystematic

C.regularandsystematicD.irregularbutsystematic

8.（）Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonthe__________investigationoflanguagedata.

A.symbolicB.systemicC.systematicD.system

9.（）__________aresometimescalled“semivowels”.

A.vowelsB.fricativeC.glidesD.nasals10.（）__________isatypicaltonelanguage.

A.EnglishB.ChineseC.FrenchD.AmericanEnglish

11.（）Asentenceisconsidered__________whenitconformstothegrammaticalknowledgeinthemindofnativespeakers.

A.rightB.wrongC.grammaticalD.ungrammatical

12.（）Thenumberofthelexicalitemsintheminorlexicalcategoriesis__________andnonewmembersareallowedfor.

A.largeB.smallC.limitlessD.fixed

13.（）Humanbeingsaretheonlyspeciesthatlearnsandacquireslanguage__________explicitinstruction.

A.withB.withoutC.withinD.through

14.（）AccordingtoF.deSaussure,__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.language

15.（）Acousticphoneticianstrytodescribethe__________propertiesofthestreamofsoundswhichaspeakerissues.

A.oralB.mentalC.physicalD.recorded

16.（）__________isconcernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld'slanguages.

A.PhonologyB.PhoneticsC.MorphologyD.Phonemics

17.（）__________transcriptionisreallythetranscriptionrequiredandusedbythephoneticiansintheirstudyofspeechsounds.

A.BroadB.DetailedC.WideD.Narrow

18.（）Theword“motel”isformedviawordformationruleof__________.

A.clippingB.blendingC.acronymD.coinage

19.（）Ifalinguisticstudyaimstolaydownrulesfor“correct”behavior,i.e.,totellpeoplewhattheyshouldsayandwhattheyshouldnotsay,itissaidtobe__________.

A.productiveB.arbitraryC.prescriptiveD.creative

20.（）__________,thestressofacompoundalwaysfallsonthefirstelement,whilethesecondelementreceivessecondarystress.

A.OrthographicallyB.PhoneticallyC.SemanticallyD.Syntactically

21.（）__________isasubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureoflanguage.

A.MorphologyB.SyntaxC.LexicologyD.Coordination

22.（）__________isakindofabbreviationofotherwiselongerwordsorphrases.

A.AbbreviationB.AcronymC.ClippingD.Blending

23.（）Thosethataffectthesyntacticcategoryandthemeaningoftherootaswellare__________.

A.stemsB.affixesC.suffixesD.prefixes.

24.（）__________referstotheprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedbytheadditionofaffixestotheroots,stems,orwords.

A.DerivationB.CompoundingC.BlendingD.Backformation

25.（）Sincethephoneticcontrastbetween/k/intheword“kill”and/k/intheword“coal”isnotadistinctiveone,thetwo/k/-sareonly__________.

A.phonemesB.phonesC.segmentsD.allophones

26.（）When/p/and/b/occurinthesameenvironmentsanddistinguishmeaning,theyarein__________.

A.minimalpairB.minimalsetC.phonemiccontrastD.complementarydistribution

27.（）__________attheendofstemscanmodifythemeaningoftheoriginalwordandinmanycaseschangeitspartofspeech.

A.RootsB.PrefixesC.SuffixesD.Freemorphemes

28.（）As/k/intheword“came”and/g/intheword“game”aresaidtoformadistinctiveoppositioninEnglish,theyare__________.

A.soundsB.phonemesC.allophonesD.varieties

29.（）Thesoundsproducedwithoutthevocalcordsvibratingare__________sounds.

A.consonantalB.voicedC.vowelD.voiceless

30.（）__________areaddedtoanexistingformtocreateaword,whichisaverycommonwaytocreatenewwordsinEnglish.

A.InflectionalaffixesB.FreemorphemeC.DerivationalaffixesD.Stems

31.（）__________isaprocessofsemanticchangeinwhichawordlosesitsformermeaningandacquiresanew,sometimesrelatedmeaning.

A.SemanticnarrowingB.SemanticbroadeningC.SemanticborrowingD.Semanticshift

32.（）__________studieshowsoundsareputtogethertoconveymeaningincommunication.

A.PhonologyB.MorphologyC.LexicologyD.Phonetics

33.（）StressinEnglishisusedto__________semanticallyimportantwords.

A.signalB.standoutC.identifyD.single

34.（）__________referstothephysiologicaleffectofonesoundonanother.

A.SoundassimilationB.InternalborrowingC.ElaborationD.Rulesimplification

35.（）Acompoundwordconsistsof__________.

A.twoormorethantwowordsB.twomorphemes

C.tworootmorphemesD.twoormoremorphemes

36.（）Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.

  A.mouth  B.lipsC.tongue  D.vocalcords  

37.（）“alive”and“dead”are______________.

A.gradableantonymsB.relationaloppositesC.complementaryantonymsD.Noneoftheabove

38.（）Themeaningcarriedbytheinflectionalmorphemeis_______.

A.lexicalB.grammaticalC.morphemicD.semantic

II.Directions:

Fillintheblanksineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinONEwordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.

1.Englishisani__________language.

2.Theaffixesoccurringatthebeginningofawordarecalledp__________.

3.IPAstandsforInternationalPhoneticA__________.

4.Thephonemicfeaturesthatoccurabovethelevelofthesegmentsarecalleds__________features.

5.C__________isaprocessofcombiningtwoormorewordsintoonelexicalunit.

6.P__________studieslanguageinrelationtothemind.

7.Humancapacityforlanguagehasag______basis,butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.

8.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,itissaidtobed__________.

9.P__________isinterestedinthesystemofsoundsofaparticularlanguage.

10.F__________morphemesareindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreelyallbythemselves.

11.B__________isaprocessofforminganewwordbycombiningpartsofotherwords.

12.AnEnglishspeakerandChinesespeakerarebothabletousealanguage,buttheyarenotmutuallyintelligible.Thisisacaseofc__________transmission.

13.C__________distributionmeansthattheallophonesofthesamephonemealwaysoccurindifferentphoneticenvironments.

14.Affixeslike“im-”,“il-”,“un-”,“-tion”,“-or”,“-hood”,arecalledd______affixes.

15.Thetwoclausesinacomplexsentenceholdunequalstatus,ones__________theother.

16.Modernlinguisticsgivesprioritytothes__________formoflanguage.

17.Aboundr__________canneverstandbyitselfalthoughitbearsclear,definitemeaning.

18.Languageisp_____inthatitmakespossibletheconstructionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.

19.P_________occuratthebeginningofawordandsuffixesattheend.

20.Historicallinguistsareconcernedwiththehistoricald__________oflanguagesandtheprocessesinvolvedinlanguagechange.

21.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthes__________studyoflanguage.

22.D__________meansthatlanguagecanbeusedtorefertothingswhichpresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfarawayplaces.

23.Thesequentialorderofwordsinasentencesuggeststhatthestructureofasentenceisl__________.

24.Lyingacrosstheglottisarethev__________cords,whicharenotreallycordsorstringsasthenameindicates,buttwomembranes.

25.S_________isthesub-disciplineoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesocialsignificanceoflanguagevariationandlanguageuseindifferentspeechcommunitiesincludingregional,ethnicandsocialgroups.

26I__________affixesmanifestvariousgrammaticalrelationsorgrammaticalcategoriessuchasnumber,degree,andcase.

27.Ad__________studyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;itstudiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.

28.Intermsofmorphemicanalysis,c__________canbeviewedasthecombinationoftwoorsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.

29.Anacronymisawordcreatedbycombiningthei__________lettersofanumberofwords.

30Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisad__________study.

31.Thestudyofallthesesocialaspectsoflanguageanditsrelationwithsocietyisknownass__________.

32.O__________,acompoundcanbewrittenasonewordwithorwithoutahypheni