青海三江源区生态环境保护工作展望.docx

青海三江源区生态环境保护工作展望.docx

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青海三江源区生态环境保护工作展望

青海三江源区生态环境保护工作展望

TheGeneralSecretaryXiJing-pingpointedoutthattheperilsthatwaterandthesourcesencounteredarethesameperilsthreateningthelivingenvironmentandpermanentexistenceofChinesenation.Wemustvalueandconductourstruggleofsolvingtheproblemofwatersecurityonahighplaneofconstructingawell-beingsocietyandachievingasustainabledevelopment.AttheThirdSessionofthe12thNationalPeople’sCongress，PremierLiKeqiangpointedoutintheGovernmentWorkReportthatwemustdoublyvaluethegreenpropertiesgrantedtohumansbythenature：

forestry，grassland，rivers，lakes，andwetlands.ToimplementagoodprotectionofSanjiangyuan，wemustenhanceconstructionofmajorecologicalprograms，expandkeyecologicalandfunctionalzones，managedemonstrationareawell，developcomprehensiveharnessingofterritorialresourceslikerivers，andincreasehorizontalcompensationbetweentheupperrangeandthelowerrange.ThenewdeploymentstrategiesanddemandshavesetupanewdirectionandarareopportunitytospeeduptheworkrelatedtotheSanjiangyuanecologicalandenvironmentalprotection.

Thebiggestvalues，thegreatestpotentials，andthetoughestresponsibilitiesofSanjiangyuanlieinitsecology.Thisisanewbeginningatanewhistoricalpoint.ThereisstillalongwaytogotodowellinecologicalandenvironmentalprotectionofSanjiangyuan.

Section1ChallengesandProblemsofProtectingSanjiangyuan

WehavegainedsomeoutstandingachievementsperiodicallyintheprocessoftheSanjiangyuanecologicalandenvironmentalprotection.However，problemsremainsimultaneously.ThereisstillalongwayforustogotoprotectandconstructSanjiangyuan.

Firstly，anoveralldegradationofecologyisnotfundamentallycurbed.Withaninitialprotectionandgovernance，theecologicaldegradationhasbeenalleviatedandchangedtoabettertendency.Butthereisstill80%blacksoilgrasslandand60%desertifiedlandoutofcontrol.38%naturalgrasslandisnotexecutedunderthepolicyofreturninggrazinglandtograssland.Ratsreemergeontheharnessedgrassland.WithinthewholeareaofSanjiangyuan，intermediatedegradatedgrasslandoccupies50.4%ofavailablearea，amongwhich，theblacksoildegradatedtypeoccupiesapproximately39%；thedesertifiedtypeoccupies8%oftheplanningareawithanapparentlyincreasingtendency；thesoilerosionoccupies30.7%oftheplanningarea；areawithratsemergencereaches167，000squarekilometers，accountingfor42.3%oftheplanningarea.Theincreasinglydegradatinggrassland，thedesertifiedlandarea，andtheareaofthegrasslandswithpestsandratshavegreatlyendangeredtheecologyofSanjiangyuan.Thegeneraltendencyofgrasslanddegradationhasnotbeenfundamentallycurbed.

Secondly，overgrazingstillexists.ThemainfactorleadingtoanecologicaldegradationofSanjiangyuanisovergrazing.Previously，wehaveconductedpoliciesofreturninggrazinglandtograssland，constructingandbreeding，andeco-migrating.However，duetotheweakguidanceofproductiontransformationoffarmersandherdsmenandtheweakinfrastructureconstructionofkeepinglivestock，thetraditionalgrazingstylecontinues.Themainmeansoflivestockreductionismandatory.Thefoddersubsidies，grasslandrewardandsubsidymechanismcanmerelymeetthebasiclifeneedsofthefarmersandherdsmenratherthanhelpthemovercomepovertyandachieveprosperity.Thatisthereasonwhytheproblemofovergrazingstillexists.InSanjiangyuan，thereis263，700squarekilometersnaturalgrasslandavailable，amongwhich，overintermediatedegradatedgrasslandis133，000squarekilometers；undegadedandslightlydegradedgrasslandis130，600squarekilometers.Theactualcarryingcapacityis18.2884millionpersheep.Ifweimplementanoverallgrazingprohibitionontheintermediatedegradatedgrassland，thenthereisonlytheoretically9.2663millionpersheepontheundegraded，slightlydegraded，artificialpasture，andimprovedgrassland.Itthusoccurrsasaprominentcontradictionbetweenthegrassandtheherds.Andthesolutiontotheproblemisaustere.

Thirdly，constraintsofnaturalconditionsandtechnologiesarestillserious.TheaveragealtitudeofSanjiangyuanisabout4，000m，withseverecoldandthinair，strongultraviolet，complicatedterrain，unbalancedrainfallintimeandspace，vastfrozenland，andslowsoilandplantgrowthdevelopment.Oncedestroyed，itisextremelyhardtorecover.Thespecialgeographicalconditionsandfragileecologicalfeaturesindicatethattheworkofcarryingoutanecologicalrecoveryandmanagementwillbemoredifficultthanthatoftheareasatalowaltitude.Presently，ecologicalprotectionandrecoveringtechnologiesofthenaturalenvironmentagainstparticularalpineregionsystemareunderdeveloped，thusleavingmanyvirginareas.Inthiscaseitrestrictsecologicalprotectionandeffectsprojectconstruction.Tobespecific，thereisonlyasingle-methodintreatingblacksoilbeach，wetlandprotection，wildanimalprotection，desertificationcontrol，andothers.Althoughaseriesofscientificprogramshavebeenapprovedduringthefirststage，andthenationhasarrangedmanysupportiveprograms，someapplyingresultsarenotobvious.Forexample，thereareincompleteresearchesandunderdevelpedskillsundersiteconditionsinharnessingtheblacksoilbeach，plantingartificialgrass，andcontrollingrats.Alltheseobstaclesimpedeprogramconstruction.

Fourthly，thecontradictionbetweenecologicalprotectionandlivelihoodimprovementisprominent.Asthecontinueofecologicalprotectionandconstruction，thecomprehensivedemonstrationareaisexpanded.Thedevelopmentandutilityofmineralresources，waterandelectricityresources，Chinese-Tibetanherbmedicineresourcesareconstrained.Grazingprohibitionandrestrictionareaisincreasing，whichwilldefinitelyaffectlocaleconomydevelopmentandlivingstandard.Thiscorrespondstoafactthatthelocalpopulationalsorises.Itisestimatedthatthenumberwillincreaseto1.34millionby2020.Theweakinfrastructurecannotfulfillpublicservicecapacity.Industrialstructureadjustmenttendstoberatherdifficult.Theecologicaleconomycannotformashort-termscale.Therearemanyconstraintsinproductionandjobtransferfortheherdsmen.Besides，thereisalsoanincreasingcontradictionbetweentherisingpopulationandthefragileenvironmentcapacity.Inconvenienttraffic，difficulttransportation，andshort-termconstructionperiodincreaseboththedifficultyofecologicalconstructionimplementationandthecostofconstruction.Thereforeitisourmajortaskandchallengetofigureoutanecologicalprotectionandmanagementsystemandaneffectiveandstandardlong-termecologicalcompensationsystemwhicharebeneficialtoconstructingaharmoniousecologicalprotection，livelihoodimprovement，andsocialprogresspositively.

Section2CarryingouttheSanjiangyuanEcologicalProtectionandExecutionRegulationsofthePhaseIIProgram

Asasubsequencetotheexpansionandapromotionofthefirsttermprogram，“theQinghaiSanjiangyuanEcologicalProtectionandExecutionRegulationsoftheSecondPhaseProgram”isamainsupporttooverallecologicalprotection，improvementoflivelihood，andregionaldevelopment.AfterdrawingtheconclusionoftheFirstPhaseProgram，wemustfocusonthefollowingpointsinimplementingtheSecondPhaseProgram.

Firstly，persistinginplanningguidanceunderauniform，generaldemandofecologicalandculturalconstructioncanleadthewholeworkofecologicalprotection.ThestabilityoftheSanjiangyuanecologicalsystemiscloselyrelatedtoasustainabledevelopmentofeconomyandsocietyofthemiddleandlowerrangesoftheYangtzeRiver，theYellowRiver，andtheLancangRiver.PracticehasprovedthatthegeneralplanhasplayedakeyroleinpromotingtheSanjiangyuanecologicalprotectionandscientificdevelopment.

TheQinghaiProvincialCommitteeandGovernment，takingthegeneraldemandofecologicalandculturalconstructionastheirguidance，haveestablishedastrategyofpromotingcomprehensivedevelopmentofQinghaiProvincethroughenvironmentalprotection.Anideaofoverallsituationofbuildinganationalecologicalsecuritybarrierisdeveloped，followingtheguidanceandbasicprinciplesofthegeneralplanningtoreinforceleadership，toconsolidateandconcertdifferentduties，toorganizeelaboratelyandimplementsmoothly.AsolidfoundationofachievingecologicalsystematSanjiangyuanhasbeenwelllaid.

Secondly，strengtheningorganization，leadershipandexecutioncanimplementtheplanning，QinghaiProvincehasestablishedaleadinggroupandanexecutiveofficeatthreelevels：

province，prefecture，andcounty.Eightsub-groupshavebeenputintoeffect，respectively，inchargeofagricultureandhusbandry，forestry，ecologicalmigration，technicalconsultation，ecologicalmonitoring，andothersbasedonthenatureoftheprojects.Withintheprogramarea，thereisagradingcontractsystemofresponsibilityinvolvingcounty，township，village，andhousehold，withthemajorleaderofeachprefectureandcountyastheprimarilyresponsibleparty.Thesemeasuresaretheguaranteeforimplementingtheprogramsuccessfully.Next，thepartycommitteeandthegovernmentateachlevelmusttaketheSanjiangyuanecologicalprotectionasacut-inpointtoachieveimplementationofpromotingcomprehensivedevelopmentofQinghaiProvinceandchangesinmodeofdevelopmentthroughenvironmentalprotection.Wemuststrengthenleadershipandfullimplementationoftheworkresponsibility.WewilltaketheSanjiangyuanecologicalprotectionandconstructionasapartoftheperformanceevaluationofdifferentgovernm