状语从句的讲解和练习.docx
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状语从句的讲解和练习
状语从句的讲解和练习
状语从句概念：
作状语的是一个句子，这个句子就是状语从句。
IwillcallyouassoonasIgetthere.
Iwillgothereifitdoesn’traintomorrow.
状语从句的分类：
状语从句可以分为时间，条件， 目的， 结果，原因，让步，比较，地点，方式等状语从句
一） when,while,as,after,before,since（自从）,until, themoment,assoonas,justas,immediately,thefirsttime，thelasttime,once,（一旦）,whenever,bythetime,nosooner…than（一……就）,hardly…when/before（一……就）,everytime/eachtime等引导的时间状语从句。
Itisthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.
IwillcallyouthemomentIgetthere.
Justaswecameoutoftheclub,therainstarted.
Ihadn’trecognizedhimuntilhetookoffhishat.
Iwasn’tlongbeforehetoldusabouthimself.
Onceyouhavedonethebasiccourse,youcangoontothemoreadvancedone.
Bythetimetheticketofficeopened,therewerehundredsofpeopleinthequene.
Ihadhardlystartedworkwhen/beforeIfeltapaininmyback.
NosoonerwasJiminthebedthanthetelephonerang.
Everytime/Eachtime/WheneverIseearecordshop,Ijusthavetogoin.
while,when,as的区别
1）while只能引导延续性动词；when和as既可以引导延续性动词，又可以引导非延续性动词。
While/When/Ashewaswalkingalongtheriver,hecameacrossanoldfriendofhis.
WhenIgotthere,theplanehadtakenoff.
2）“随着”,常用as
Astheeconomydevelops,ourlivingconditionshaveimproved.
Aswedrovefurthernorth,theweathergotworse.
3） 表“对比”时， 用while
MybrotherenjoyssportswhileIamfondofmusic.
Whilemybrotherenjoyssports,Iamfondofmusic.
4） 翻译为“趁着”时，最好用while
Learnasmuchknowledgeaspossiblewhileyouareyoung.
5） 翻译为“这时”时， 用when
Theywereabouttogooutwhenitbegantoraincatsanddogs.
6） 表示人生的某阶段，常常用when
IwonderwhatIwillbedoingwhenIretire.
WhenIwasachild,Ihadalotofbeautifuldreams.
=Asachild,Ihadalotofbeautifuldreams.
since的从句的翻译
1）正面翻译
在一般情况下，since用作连词表示“自从”时，它所引导从句的谓语通常应是非延续性动词。
如：
HehasgrownaninchsinceIsawhim.我上次见到他以后他已长高了一英寸。
We’vebeenfriendseversincewemetatschool.自从我们在学校遇见以来一直是朋友。
He’sbeeninbedsincehebrokehisleg.自从他摔伤了腿，他一直躺在床上。
2）反面翻译
但有时也可以是延续性动词，此时应注意：
延续性动词所表示的通常是动作或状态的完成或结束（而不是其开始）。
试体会下列句子及其相应的翻译：
Ihaven’theardfromhimsincehelivedinBeijing.自从他离开北京以来，我一直未收到他的信（“住在北京”的结束，即“离开北京”）。
HehasnevercometoseemesinceIwasill.我病愈之后他还没来看过我（“生病”的结束，即“病愈”）。
3）如果要表示从句中的动作或状态延续至今，就应该用持续性动词的现在完成时，而不是用一般过去时。
如：
Ihaven’tseenyousinceIhavebeenback.我回来后一直未见到你。
IhavemethimoftensinceIhavelivedhere.自从我在这里住下之后，我常看见他。
IhavelearnedalotfromhimsinceIhaveknownhim.自从我认识他后，我从他那里学到了很多。
4）、值得注意的特例
表示人生某阶段，持续性动词的一般过去时表示动作或状态持续到现在（多半有ever修饰）。
如：
I’veknownhereversinceIwasachild.自孩提时代起我就已经认识她了。
She’sbeenplayingtennissinceshewaseight.她从八岁起就打网球了。
二）if,unless,onconditionthat（只要）,aslongas（只要）,provided/providingthat（只要），suppose/supposingthat（假定 ）等引导的条件状语从句
Iwillgothereifitdoesn’traintomorrow.
Iwillleavethecompanyunlessyougivemeahigherpay.
Youmaykeepthisbookaslongasyoukeepitclean.
Themachinewillgoonworkingforyearsprovidedthat/providingthat/solongas/ontheconditionthatitislookedafterproperly.
Suppose/Supposingyouarewrong,whatwillyoudothen?
unless vs if…not
1）一般情况下unless和if。
。
。
not可以换用
Theclubwillbebankruptunlessitfindsanewbackersoon.
=theclubwillbebankruptifitdoesn’tfindanewbackersoon.
2）虚拟语气中的if…not,不能用unless换用
Ifthehorsehadn’tfallen,itwouldhavewontherace.
3）谈论某事没有发生而产生的感受，if…not不能用unless换用
Laurawillbeupsetifyoudon’tcometoherparty.
Iwillbesurprisedifyoudon’tgetthejob.
三）because,since,as,for,nowthat, seeingthat,inthat等引导的原因状语从句
because“因为”，语气最强
since“既然”＝nowthat=seeingthat
as“由于”
for“因为”，文学色彩比较浓，for引导的句子放在后面并且for前常常用逗号。
inthat有时可以替换because
Hewasabsentfromschoolbecausehewasill.
ItwasbecauseIwantedtoseemyunclethatIwentthereyesterday.
Since/Nowthat/Seeingthateverybodyishere,let’sbeginourclass,
Asallthevisitorshadgone,thevillagewasquietagain.
Thetheoryisworthtrustinginthatitisbasedonfact.
Thecauseoftheaccidentisunclear,fortherearemanyfactorsinvolved.
四）inorderthat,sothat（为了,以便）,incase（以防）,forfearthat（担心，
惟恐）引导目的状语
Hegotupearlyinorderthat/sothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.
Youhadbettertakearaincoatincaseitrains.
IamworkingveryhardforfearthatIshouldfail.
五）such…that…,so…that…,sothat…引导的结果状语从句
Heissuchagoodstudentthatwealllikehim.
Heissogoodastudentthatwealllikehim.
Hemadesuchgreatprogressthatweallfeltproudofhim.
Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethatweallfeltproudofhim.
Hespokesofastthatwecouldn’tfollowhim.
=Sofastdidhespeakthatweallfeltproudofhim.
Theteacherraisedhisvoicesothatweallheardhim.
六）though,although,eventhough（虽然）,evenif（即使），while（“虽然”，用于部分同意或接受某事）,whether…or…（甭管是否），whatever,nomatterwhat,as（尽管）等引导的让步状语从句
Although/Though/Eventhoughhewasdefeated,hedidn’tloseheart.
Iwon’tgoevenifIaminvitedto.
WhileIagreewithyou,Idon’tbelieveyourwayisthebest.
Iwilldoitwhetheryoulikeitornot.
Whoeveryouask,theanswerisalwaysthesame.
=Nomatterwhoyouask,…
Howeverlateyoucomeback,Iwillbeherewaitingforyou.
=Nomatterhowlateyoucomeback,….
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
Poorasheis,heneversteals.
说明：
though还可以作副词，一般位于句末并且前面一般有逗号，翻译为“可是”
---Itisnotveyuseful.
--Itispretty,though,isn’tit?
Ourteamlost.Itwasagoodgamethough.
七）where,anywhere,wherevereverywhere地点状语从句
Pleasemakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
Youcangoanywhere/whereveryoulike.
八）as…as, notso/as…as, than…,themore…,themore…引导的比较状语从句
Hedoesn’tspeakEnglishas/sowellasIdo.
Theharderyouwork,themoreprogressyouwillmake.
九）as/like按照）, asif/though（好象）等引导的方式状语从句。
Youmustdoeverythingas/likeIdo.
Heactsasifhekneweverything.
十）状语从句应注意的问题
1）时间，条件等状语从句，不用将来时。
Ifyoudon’tgotheretomorrow,norwillI.
Don’tgetoffuntilthebushasstopped.
注意：
下面的will是情态动词，翻译为“愿意”
Imustbeoffnowifyouwillexcuseme.
2）注意英汉差异
although…,but…; because…,so…
ManyofBritain’sroyaltraditionsseemcenturiesold,but/andyet/yettheyareinfactrelativelynew.
Thewheelisthesimplestyet/but/andyet perhapsthemostremarkableofallinventions.轮子是所有发明中最简单却也许是最非凡的一种。
3）状语从句的省略
Conj（while,when,though,once,if,until,unlessetc）.+doing/done/todo/adj./n
Thoughdefeated,hedidn’tloseheart.
=Thoughhewasdefeated,…
Whilewalkingalongtheriver,hecameacrossanoldfriendofhis.
=Whilehewaswalking…
Heopenedhismouthasiftosaysomething.
Heopenedhismouthasifhewasgoingtosaysomething.
Iwillmakesomechangeswhennecessary.
=Iwillmakesomechangeswhenitisnecessary.
特别注意：
after,before,since,on,upon接动词时，是介词，后面必须用动名词形式
Afterbeingoperatedon,hefeltmuchbetter.
Sincebeinguprated,mycomputerhasbeenworkingwell.
2010年高考状语从句试题
…
1．（全国卷I25）.Marymadecoffee________herguestswerefinishingtheirmeal.
A.sothat Balthough C.while D.asif
2．（全国卷I30）.Thelittleboywon’tgotosleep______________hismothertellshimastory.
A.or B.unless C.but D.whether
3．（全国卷II7）.Tomwasabouttoclosethewindows_____hisattentionwascaughtbyabird.
A.when B.if C.and D.till
4．（安徽卷29）.Theengineersaresobusythattheyhavezerotimeforoutdoorsportsactivities,___theyhavetheinterest.
A.wherever B.Whenever C.evenif D.asif
5．（安徽卷33）.Justusethisroomforthetimebeing,andwe’llofferyoualargerone____itbecomesavailable.
A.assoonas B.unless C.asfaras D.until
6．（北京卷30_____theydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.
A.As B.While C.Until D.Once
7．（福建卷26）.Thegirlhadhardlyrungthebell______thedoorwasopenedsuddenly,andherfriendrushedouttogreether.
A.before B.until C.as D.since
8．（湖南卷32）.Timisingoodshapephysically__________hedoesn’tgetmuchexercise.
A.if B.eventhough C.unless D.aslongas
9．（江西卷22）.—Ourholidaycostalotofmoney.
—Didit?
Well,thatdoesn`tmatter_________youenjoyedyourselves.
A.aslongas B.unless C.assoonas D.though
10．（辽宁卷29）.TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchair_______hewantedtositnexttohiswife.
A.although B.unless C.because D.if
11．（山东卷28）.Theschoolrulesstatethatnochildshallbeallowedoutoftheschoolduringtheday,______accompaniedbyanadult.
A.once B.when C.if D.unless
12．（陕西卷20）.Johnthinksitwon’tbelong _________ heisreadyforhisnewjob.
A.when B.after C.before D.since
13．（四川卷20）.Becauseoftheheavytraffic，itwasalreadytimeforlunchbreak __________shegottoheroffice.
A.since B.that C.when D.until
14．（重庆卷32）.Today,wewillbegin __________westoppedyesterdaysothatnopointwillbeleftout.
A.when B.where C.how D.what
15．（上海卷34________youmayhave,youshouldgatheryourcouragetofacethechallenge.
A.Howeveraseriousproblem B.Whataseriousproblem
C.Howeverseriousaproblem D.Whatseriousaproblem
16．（上海卷39____________ourmanagerobjectstoTom'sjoiningtheclub,w
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