六级作文要点.docx
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六级作文要点
TipsforHighScore
（一）结构清晰
1.篇章组织
文章是由三个主要部分组成的：
开头、扩展部分、结尾。
2.段落组织
段落大多由三个部分构成，尤其是说明文和议论文的段落：
主题句、扩展句和结尾句
（1）主题句:
TopicSentence（TS）
主题句一般位于段首，是一个完整的句子，用以概括、叙述和说明该段的主题。
有的也可置于段尾或段中，但最好放在段首。
①主题句要有可写性，既不要太空泛也不要过于局限，否则扩展句将无法说明它或没有展开讨论的余地。
空泛：
TheOlympicGamesareexciting.
概括：
IntheOlympicGamesthefootballteamsfrommanycountriescompeteintensely.
②尽量使用简洁明了的句子，做到句子完整并且表达的主题思想完整。
复杂：
Shelikescollectingstampswhichisherhobby.
简洁：
Collectingstampsisherhobby.
③好的主题句经常使用关键词或词组来限制主题所要表达的观点。
Topic：
AirTravel
Topicsentence：
Airtravelismoreconvenientthantrainforatleastthreereasons.
（作者在“aspect（方面）”和“reason（原因）”两方面限制他的主题。
）
④根据不同的主题,主题句可以有多种形式。
A.直接说明某事物的作用或优点。
Topic：
SolarEnergy
Topicsentence：
Solarenergycancontributetoourfutureenergysupply.
B.指出人们对某事物的不同观点。
Topic：
Happiness
Topicsentence：
Itdiffersfrompersontopersonastotheviewofhappiness
（2）扩展句:
SupportingSentence（SS）
①主要扩（推）展句
（主题句）Thereareseveralfactorsaffectingclimate.（扩展句1）Onefactoristhemountofsunlightreceived.（扩展句2）Altitude,ortheheightabovesealevel,alsodeterminesclimate.（扩展句3）Theoceanshaveaneffectontheclimateofadjacentland.（扩展句4）Inaddition,climateisinfluencedbythegeneralcirculationoftheatmosphere.
主题句指出影响气候的几个因素。
然后用四个扩展句说明四种因素。
第一种是太阳光的接收量，第二种是海拔高度，第三句和第四句分别是海洋和大气环流因素。
②次要扩展句
（主题句）Idon’tteachbecauseteachingisnoteasyforme.（主要扩展句1）TeachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving：
mechanic,carpenter,writer.（主要扩展句2）Forme,teachingisaredeye,sweatypalm,sinkingstomachprofession.（次要扩展句1）Redeye,becauseIneverfeelreadytoteachnomatterhowlateIstayuppreparing.（次要扩展句2）Sweaty-palm,becauseI’malwaysnervousbeforeIentertheclassroom,surethatIwillbefoundoutforthefoolthatIam.（次要扩展句3）Sinking-stomach,becauseIleavetheclassroomanhourlaterconvincedthatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual.
（3）结尾句:
EndingSentence（ES）
结尾句是用来对全段内容进行总结、归纳或提出结论性观点的句子。
顾名思义，结尾句只能位于段尾，起重复段落主题和强调段落中心思想的作用。
STRUCTURE
Para.1:
Phenomenon+details
Transitionalwords
Para.2:
TopicSentence（主题句）
✓+SS1（主要扩展句1）+ss1.1（次要扩展句1）+ss1.2…
✓+SS2+ss2.1+ss2.2…
✓Therelationshipbetweenthesentences
Transitionalwords
Para.3:
TS（主题句）+SS1+SS2+ES（结尾句）
Sentencepatterns
1）强调句
Itiscommonknowledgethat
Itiswell-knownthat…
Itisself-evident/conceivable/obvious/apparentthat…
Itgoeswithoutsayingthat…
Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat…
2）宾（表）语从句
Wecannotunderstandwhyhewassocrueltohisroommates.
Theproblemisnotwhowillgo,butwhowillstay.
3）定语从句（限定性和非限定性）
Itisestimatedthattensofbillionsofpoundsisspentoncigaretteseveryyearinourcountry,whichisahugewaste.
4）状语从句（时间，原因，地点，条件，让步，转折等）
Whateverthereason,therearestillsomeproblemswithstudentuseofcomputers
5）分词短语做定语或状语
Prof.Kangcametoouruniversity,givingusalectureonhowtoacquireEnglishbetter.
6）倒装句
Onlythroughthesemeasurescanwehopetosolvetheproblem.
7）被动句
Somemeasuresshouldbetakentodealwiththeproblem.
8）设问句
Doyoustillremembertheboywhocriedwolfforseveraltimessonoonewouldtrusthim
开头/Opening
1）Manynationshavebeenfacedwiththeproblemof...
2）Recentlytheproblemof…hasbeenbroughtintofocus.
3）Recentlythephenomenonof…hasbecomeaheatedtopic.
4）Recentlytheissueof…hasarousedgreatconcernamong...
5）Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernoverthephenomenonthat...
6）Neverinourhistoryhastheideathat...beensopopular.
7）Facedwith...,quiteafewpeoplearguethat...
8）Accordingtoarecentsurvey,...
结果/Result
1.Itmaygiverisetoahostofproblems.
2.Theimmediateresultitproducesis...
3.Itwillexerciseaprofoundinfluenceupon...
4.Itsconsequencecanbesogreatthat...
原因/Reasons
1.Anumberoffactorsmightcontributeto（leadto）（accountfor）thephenomenon（problem）.
2.Theanswertothisprobleminvolvesmanyfactors.
3.Thephenomenonmainlystemsfromthefactthat...
4.Thefactorsthatcontributetothissituationinclude...
5.Thechangein...largelyresultsfromthefactthat...
6.Wemayblame...,buttherealcausesare...
7.Partoftheexplanationsforitisthat...
8.Oneofthemostcommonfactors（causes）isthat...
Anothercontributingfactor（cause）is...
9.Perhapstheprimaryfactoristhat…
10.Butthefundamentalcauseisthat...
tobeginwith,then,furthermore,finally
tostartwith,next,inaddition,finally
firstandforemost,besides,lastbutnotleast
mostimportantofall,moreover,finally
ontheonehand,ontheotherhand（适用于两点的情况）
foronething,foranotherthing（适用于两点的情况）
besides,furthermore,likewise,moreover
despitethat,still,however,nevertheless,inspiteof,despite,notwithstanding
then,therefore,consequently,accordingly,hence,asaresult,forthisreason,sothat
结尾/Ending
AccordingtowhatIperceive,Isupposethat...
Mypointofviewisthat...
Inmypointofview,Iconsiderthat…
Formypart,Iassumethat…
Frommyownperspective,Iharbortheideathat…
1）Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecandrawtheconclusionthat...
2）Itishightimethatstrictmeasuresweretakentostop...
3）Itisnecessarythatstepsshouldbetakento...
4）Inconclusion,itisimperativethat...
5）Thereisnoeasymethod,but...mightbeofsomehelp.
6）Tosolvetheabove-mentionedproblem,wemust...
7）Insummary,ifwecontinuetoignoretheabove-mentionedissue,moreproblemswillcropup.
8）Withtheeffortsofallpartsconcerned,theproblemwillbesolvedthoroughly.
9）Wemightdomorethanidentifythecause;itisimportanttotakeactionsto...
10）Takingalltheseintoaccount,we...
11）Whetheritisgood or not/positive or negative,onethingiscertain/clear...
批驳/Argument
1）Itistruethat...,butonevitalpointisbeingleftout.
2）Thereisagrainoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyignoreamoreimportantfact.
3）Somepeoplesay...,butitdoesnotholdwater.
4）Manyofushavebeenundertheillusionthat...
5）Acloseexaminationwouldrevealhowridiculousthestatementis.
6）Itmakesnosensetoarguefor...
7）Toomuchstressplacedon...mayleadto...
8）Suchastatementmainlyrestsontheassumptionthat...
9）Contrarytowhatiswidelyaccepted,Imaintainthat...
解决方法/Solutions
1.Weshouldtakeeffective/drasticmeasurestostop/prevent/protect…
4.Perhapsthebestchoiceisthecombinationofthetwo…
5.Thereareseveralwaystocopewiththeproblem。
6.thegovernmentshouldmakestrictregulations/lawstobansuchpractice/tostopthisphenomenonfromspreading。
7.It’surgentforustodosomethingaboutthis。
8.Weshouldsparenoeffort/tryeverymeansto…
扩展词汇/Vocabulary
1.individuals,characters,folks替换（people,persons）
2:
positive,favorable,rosy（美好的），promising（有希望的），perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,superior替换good
3:
dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse,ill（有害的）替换bad
如果bad做表语，可以有belessimpressive替换
Eg.Anarmyofcollegestudentsindulgethemselvesinplayinggames,enjoyingromancewithgirls/boysorkillingtimepassivelyintheirdorms.Whenitapproachestograduation,asaresult,theyfindtheiracademicrecordsarelessimpressive.
4.anarmyof,anoceanof,aseaof,amultitudeof,ahostof,many…ifnotmost替换many.
Eg.Manyindividuals,ifnotmost,harbortheideathat….
同理用most…ifnotall,替换most.
5:
asliceof,quietafew,several替换some
itisuniversallyacknowledgedthat）代替think（因为是书面语，所以要加that）
7:
affair,business,matter替换thing
9.reaphugefruits替换getmanybenefits）
10:
formypart,frommyownperspective替换inmyopinion
11:
Increasing（ly）,growing替换moreandmore（注意没有growingly这种形式）。
13..beneficial,rewarding替换helpful,
15.exceedingly,extremely,intensely替换very
16.hardlynecessary,hardlyinevitable...替换unnecessary,avoidable
17.sth.appealstosb,sth.exertsatremendousfascinationonsb替换sbtakeinterestin/sb.beinterestedin
18.captureone'sattention替换attractone'sattention.
19.facet,demension,sphere代aspect
20.beindicativeof,besuggestiveof,befearfulof代indicate,suggest,fear
21.giveriseto,leadto,resultin,trigger替换cause.
22.Thereareseveralreasonsbehindsth替换..reasonsforsth
23.desire替换want.
24.pourattentioninto替换payattentionto
25.bearinmindthat替换remember
26.enjoy,possess替换have（注意process是过程的意思）
27.interaction替换communication
28.frownonsth替换beagainst,disagreewithsth
29.tonameonlyafew,take…asanexample替换forexample,forinstance
30.nextto/virtuallyimpossible,替换nearly/almostimpossible
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic College GraduatesWorkasVillageOfficials.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
1.越来越多的大学生当村官
2.这种现象背后的原因
3.你的想法
WritingStructure
Para.1Topicsentence+details
Para.2Topicsentence+reason①+reason②+…
Para.3Topicsentence+opinion①+opinion②+endingsentence
Nowadaysthereisagrowingconcernoverthephenomenonthatmoreandmorecollegegraduatesarewillingtoholdthepositionofvillageofficials.Someoftheirmajorsevenhavenothingtodowiththejob,nottomentionthosewhonevercastanyglanceatanyvillageseverbefore.
Undoubtedly,thistendencymainlystemsfromthefactthattoomanycollegegraduatesarefightingforthetinyhandfulofpositionsinbigcities.Thecompetitionissofiercethatonlysomeofthegraduatesareabletoobtainajobwhereth
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