听力教程英语散文.docx

听力教程英语散文.docx

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听力教程英语散文

爱一个人是幸福的；被一个人爱也是幸福的。

但是造化弄人，爱你的人往往不是你爱的人，如果必须选择的话，你会选择爱你的人，还是你爱的人呢？

这首你爱的人（Theoneyoulove）就是描述一个在爱与被爱之间挣扎的女孩。

为情所困的网友们，听听这首歌吧，也许能给你一点启示。

    TheOneYouLove/GlennFrey歌词

    Iknowyouneedafriend

    Someoneyoucantalkto

    Whowillunderstandwhatyou'regoingthrough

    Whenitcomestolove

    There'snoeasyanswer

    Onlyyoucansaywhatyou'regonnado

    Iheardyouonthephone,youtookhisnumber

    Saidyouweren'talone,butyou'dcallhimsoon

    Isn'thetheguy,theguywholeftyoucryin'

    Isn'thetheonewhomadeyoublue

    Whenyourememberthosenightsinhisarms

    Youknowyou'vegottamakeupyourmind

    Areyougonnastaywiththeonewholovesyou

    Orareyougoingbacktotheoneyoulove

    Someone'sgonnacrywhentheylearnthey'velostyou

    Someone'sgonnathankthestarsabove

    Whatyougonnasaywhenhecomesover

    There'snoeasywaytoseethisthrough

    Allthebrokendreamsallthedisappointments

        Ohgirl--Whatyougonnado

    Yourheartkeepssayin'it'sjustnotfair

    Butstillyou'vegottamakeupyourmind

    Areyougonnastaywiththeonewholovesyou

    Orareyougoingbacktotheoneyoulove

    Someone'sgonnacrywhentheylearnthey'velostyou

    Someone'sgonnathankthestarsabove

老橡树上的黄丝带（TieAYellowRibbonRoundTheOleOakTree）歌词

    I'mcominghomeI'vedonemytime*

（1）

    NowI'vegottoknowwhatisandisn'tmine

    IfyoureceivedmylettertellingyouI'dsoonbefree

    Thenyou'llknowjustwhattodoifyoustillwantme

    Ifyoustillwantme

    Ohtieayellowribbonroundtheoleoaktree

    It'sbeenthreelongyearsdoyoustillwantme

    IfIdon'tseearibbonroundtheoleoaktree

    I'llstayonthebusforgetaboutusputtheblameonme*

（2）

    IfIdon'tseeayellowribbonroundtheoleoaktree

    Busdriverpleaselookforme

    'CauseIcouldn'tbeartoseewhatImightsee

    I'mreallystillinprisonandmylovesheholdsthekey

    Asimpleyellowribbon'swhatIneedtosetmefree

    Iwroteandtellherplease

    Ohtieayellowribbonroundtheoleoaktree

    It'sbeenthreelongyearsdoyoustillwantme

    IfIdon'tseearibbonroundtheoleoaktree

    I'llstayonthebusforgetaboutusputtheblameonme

    IfIdon'tseeayellowribbonroundtheoleoaktree

    Nowthewholedamnbusischeering

    AndIcan'tbelieveIsee

    Ahundredyellowribbonsroundtheoleoaktree

    I'mcominghome

    注释

（1）．I'vedonemytime:

我已刑满了

（2）．puttheblameonme:

将过错都归于我

散文:

UnitTen:

Debatingtheunknowable

Doanimalsthink?

Howcouldtheearthshowsomanysignsofdesignandpurposeandyetberandom?

Ourbestscientistsareheatedlydebatingbothsidesoftheseandotherscientificquestions.Inthefollowingessay,theauthortakesalookatscienceeducationandarguesthataswellasstellingstudentsthefactsandtheoriesthathavealreadybeenprovedandaccepted,scienceteachershouldspendmoretimeintroducingtheirstudentstothemanymysteriesthatremainunsolvedandtheargumentstakingplacebetweenscientists.Whatbetterway,heargues,tostimulatetheirinterestinthingscientific?

DEBATINGTHEUNKNOWABLE

LewisThomas

Thegreatestofalltheaccomplishmentoftwentieth-centurysciencehasbeenthediscoveryofhumanignorance.Welive,asneverbefore,inpuzzlementaboutnature,theuniverse,andourselvesmostofall.Itisanewexperienceforthespecies.Acenturyago,aftertheturbulencecausedbyDarwinandWallacehadsubsidedandthecentralideaofnaturalselectionhadbeengraspedandaccepted,wethoughtwekneweverythingessentialaboutevolution.Intheeighteenthcenturytherewerenohugepuzzles;humanreasonwasallyouneededinordertofigureouttheuniverse.Andformostoftheearliercenturies,theChurchprovidedboththequestionsandtheanswers,neatlypackaged.Now,forthefirsttimeinhumanhistory,wearecatchingglimpsesofourincomprehension.Wecanstillmakeupstoriestoexplaintheworld,aswealwayshave,butnowthestorieshavetobeconfirmedandreconfirmedbyexperiment.Thisisthescientificmethod,andoncestartedonthislinewecannotturnback.Weareobligedtogrowupinskepticism,requiringproofsforeveryassertionaboutnature,andthereisnowayoutexcepttomoveaheadandplugaway,hopingforcomprehensioninthefuturebutlivinginaconditionofintellectualinstabilityforthelongtime.

Itistheadmissionofignorancethatleadstoprogress,notsomuchbecausethesolvingofaparticularpuzzleleadsdirectlytoanewpieceofunderstandingbutbecausethepuzzle--ifitinterestsenoughscientists--leadstowork.Thereisasimilarphenomenoninentomologyknowasstigmergy,aterminventedbyGrasse,whichmeans"toincitetowork."Whenthreeorfourtermitesarecollectedtogetherinachambertheywanderaboutaimlessly,butwhenmoretermitesareadded,theybegintobuild.Itisthepresenceofothertermites,insufficientnumbersatclosequarters,thatproducesthework:

theypickupeachother'sfecalpelletsandstacktheminneatcolumns,andwhenthecolumnsarepreciselytherightheight,thetermitesreachacrossandturntheperfectarchesthatformthefoundationofthetermitarium.Nosingletermiteknowshowtodoanyofthis,butassoonasthereareenoughtermitesgatheredtogethertheybecomeflawlessarchitects,sensingtheirdistancesfromeachotheralthoughblind,buildinganimmenselycomplicatedstructurewithitsownair-conditioningandhumiditycontrol.Theyworktheirlivesawayinthisecosystembuiltbythemselves.ThenearestthingtoatermitariumthatIcanthinkofinhumanbehavioristhemakingoflanguage,whichwedobykeepingateachotherallourlives,generationaftergeneration,changingthestructurebysomesortofinstinct.

Verylittleisunderstoodaboutthiskindofcollectivebehavior.Itisoutoffashionthesedaystotalkof"superorganisms",buttheresimplyaren'tenoughreductionistdetailsinhandtoexplainawaythephenomenonoftermitesandothersocialinsects:

someverygoodguessescanbemadeabouttheirchemicalsignalingsystems,buttheplainfactthattheyexhibitsomethinglikeacollectiveintelligenceisamystery,oranywayanunsolvedproblem,thatmightcontainimportantimplicationsforsociallifeingeneral.ThismysteryisthebestintroductionIcanthinkoftobiologicalscienceincollege.Itshouldbetaughtforitsstrangeness,andfortheambiguityofitsmeaning.Itshouldbetaughttopremedicalstudents,whoneedlessonsearlyntheircareersabouttheuncertaintiesinscience.

Collegestudents,andforthatmatterhighschoolstudents,shouldbeexposedveryearly,perhapsattheoutset,tothebigargumentscurrentlygoingonamongscientists.Bigargumentsstimulatetheirinterest,andwithluckengagetheirabsorbedattention.Fewthingsinlifeareasengrossingasagoodfightbetweenhighlytrainedandskilledadversaries.Buttheyoungstudentsaretoldverylittleaboutthemajordisagreementsoftheday;theymaybetaughtsomethingabouttheargumentsbetweenDarwiniansandtheiropponentsacenturyago,buttheydonotrealizethatsimilardisputesaboutothermatters,manyofthemtouchingprofoundissuesforourunderstandingofnature,arestillgoingonand,indeed,areanessentialfeatureofthescientificprocess.Thereis,Ifear,areluctanceonthepartofscienceteacherstotalkaboutsuchthings,basedonthebeliefthatbeforestudentscanappreciatewhattheargumentsareabouttheymustlearnandmasterthe"fundamentals".Iwouldbewillingtoseesomeexperimentsalongthisline,andIhaveinmindseveralexamplesofcontemporarydoctrinaldisputeinwhichthedriftoftheargumentcanbereadilyperceivedwithoutdeeporelaborateknowledgeofthesubject.

Thereis,forone,theproblemofanimalawareness.Oneschoolofethologistsdevotedtothestudyofanimalbehaviorhasitthathumanbeingsareuniqueinthepossessionofconsciousness,differingfromalothercreaturesinbeingabletothinkthingsover,capitalizeonpastexperience,andhazardinformedguessesatthefuture.Other,"lower",animals（withpossibleexceptionsmadeforchimpanzees,whales,anddolphins）cannotdosuchthingswiththeirminds;theylivefrommomenttomomentwithbrainsthatareprogrammedtorespond,automaticallyorbyconditioning,tocontingenciesintheenvironment,Behavioralpsychologistsbelievethatthisautomaticorconditionedresponseaccountsforhumanmentalactivityaswell,althoughtheydislikethatword"mental".Ontheothersidearesomeethologistswhoseemstobemoregenerous-minded,whoseenocompellingreasonstodoubtthatanimalsingeneralarequitecapableofrealthinkinganddoquitealotofit——thinkingthatisn'tasdenseashumanthinking,thatissparserbecauseofthelackoflanguageandtheresultantlackofmetaphorstohelpthethoughtalong,butthinkingnonetheless.

Thepointaboutthisargumentisnotthatonesideortheotherisinpossessionofamorepowerfularrayofconvincingfacts;quitetheopposite.Therearenotenoughfactstosustainagenuinedebateofanylength;thequestionofanimalawarenessisanunsettledone.

Anotherdebatablequestionariseswhenonecontemplatesthewholebiosphere,theconjoinedlifeoftheearth.Howcouldithaveturnedouttopossesssuchstabilityandcoherence,resemblingasitdoesasortofenormousdevelopingembryo,withnothingbutchanceeventstodetermineitsemergence?

LovelockandMargulis,facingthisproblem,haveproposedtheGaiaHypothesis,whichis,inbrief,thattheearthisitselfaformoflife,"ac