最受欢迎TED演讲No1.docx

最受欢迎TED演讲No1.docx

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最受欢迎TED演讲No1

Howschoolkillcreativity

KenRobinson

Goodmorning.Howareyou?

It’sbeengreat,hasn’tit?

I’vebeenblowawaybythewholething.Infact,I’mleaving.Therehavebeenthreethemes,haven’tthere,runningthroughtheconference,whicharerelevanttowhatIwanttotalkabout.Oneistheextraordinaryevidenceofhumancreativityinallofthepresentationsthatwe’vehadandinallofthepeoplehere.Justthevarietyofitandrangeofit.Thesecondisthatit’sputusinaplacewherewehavenoideawhat’sgoingtohappen,intermsofthefuture.Noideahowthismayplayout.

Ihaveaninterestineducation--actually,WhatIfindiseverybodyhasaninterestineducation.Don’tyou?

Ifindthisveryinteresting.Ifyou’reatadinnerparty,andyousayyouworkineducation--actually,you’renotoftenatdinnerparties.Frankly,ifyouworkineducation.You’renotasked.Andyou’reneveraskedback,curiously.That’sstrangetome.Butifyouare,andyousaytosomebody,youknow,theysay,“Whatdoyoudo?

”andyousayyouworkineducation,youcanseethebloodrunfromtheirface.They’relike,“OhmyGod,”youknow,“Whyme?

Myonenightoutallweek.”Butifyouaskabouttheireducation,theypinyoutothewall.Becauseit’soneofthosethingsthatgoesdeepwithpeople,amIright?

Likereligion,andmoneyandotherthings.Ihaveabiginterestineducation,andIthingwealldo.Wehaveahugevestedinterestinit,partlybecauseit’seducationthat’smeanttotakeusintothisfuturethatwecan’tgrasp.Ifyouthinkofit,childrenstartingschoolthisyearwillberetiringin2065.Nobodyhasaclue--despitealltheexpertisethat’sbeenonparadeforethepastfourdays--whattheworldwilllooklikeinfiveyears’time.Andyetwe’remeanttobeeducatingthemforit.Sotheunpredictability,Ithink,isextraordinary.

Andthethirdpartofthisisthatwe’veallagreed,nonetheless,onthereallyextraordinarycapacitiesthatchildrenhave--theircapacitiesforinnovation.Imean,Sirenalastnightwasamarvel,wasn’tshe?

Justseeingwhatshecoulddo.Andshe’sexceptional,butIthinkshe’snot,sotospeak,exceptionalinthewholeofchildhood.Whatyouhavethereisapersonofextraordinarydedicationwhofoundatalent.Andmycontentionis,allkidshavetremendoustalents.Andwesquanderthem,prettyruthlessly.SoIwanttotalkabouteducationandIwanttotalkaboutcreativity.Mycontentionisthatcreativitynowisasimportantineducationasliteracy,andweshouldtreatitwiththesamestatus.Thankyou.Thatwasit,bytheway.Thankyouverymuch.So,15minutesleft,Iwasborn...No.

Iheardagreatstoryrecently--Ilovetellingit--ofalittlegirlwhowasinadrawinglesson.Shewassixandshewasattheback,drawing,andtheteachersaidthislittlegirlhardlyeverpaidattention,andinthisdrawinglessonshedid.Theteacherwasfascinatedandshewentovertoherandshesaid,“Whatareyoudrawing?

”Andthegirlsaid,“I’mdrawingapictureofGod.”Andtheteachersaid,“ButnobodyknowswhatGodlookslike.”Andthegirlsaid,“Theywillinaminute.”

WhenmysonwasfourinEngland--actuallyhewasfoureverywhere,tobehonest.Ifwe’rebeingstrictaboutit,whereverhewent,hewadfourthatyear.HewasintheNativityplay.Doyourememberthestory?

NO,itwasbig.Itwasabigstory.MelGibsondidthesequel.Youmayhaveseenit:

”NativityII.”ButJamesgotthepartofJoseph,whichwewerethrilledabout.Weconsideredthistobeoneoftheleadparts.WehadtheplacecrammedfullofagentsinT-shirts:

”JamesRobinsonISJoseph!

”Hedidn’thavetospeak,butyouknowthebitwherethethreekingscomein.Theycomeinbearinggifts,andtheybringgold,frankincenseandmyrrh.Thisreallyhappened.WeweresittingthereandIthinktheyjustwentoutofsequence,becausewetalkedtothelittleboyafterwardandwesaid,“YouOKwiththat?

”Andhesaid,“Yeah,why?

Wasthatwrong?

”Theyjustswitched,thatwasit.Anyway,thethreeboyscamein--four-year-oldwithteatowelsontheirheads--andtheyputtheseboxesdown,andthefirstboysaid,“Ibringyougold.”Andthesecondboysaid,“Ibringyoumyrrh.”Andthethirdboysaid,“Franksentthis.”

Whatthesethingshaveincommonisthatkidswilltakeachance.Iftheydon’tknow,they’llhaveago.AmIright?

They’renotfrightenedofbeingwrong.Now,Idon’tmeantosaythatbeingwrongisthatsamethingasbeingcreative.Whatwedoknowis,ifyou’renotpreparedtobewrong,you’llnevercomeupwithanythingoriginal--ifyou’renotpreparedtobewrong.Andbythetimetheygettobeadults,mostkidshavelostthatcapacity.Theyhavebecomefrightenedofbeingwrong,Andwerunourcompanieslikethis,bytheway.Westigmatizemistakes.Andwe’renowrunningnationaleducationsystemswheremistakesaretheworstthingyoucanmake.Andtheresultisthatweareeducatingpeopleoutoftheircreativecapacities.Picassooncesaidthis--hesaidthatallchildrenarebornartists.Theproblemistoremainanartistaswegrowup.Ibelievethispassionately,thatwedon’tgrowintcreativity,,wegrowoutofit,Orrather,wegeteducatedoutifit.Sowhyisthis?

IlivedinStratford-on-Avonuntilaboutfiveyearsago.Infact,wemovedfromStratfordtoLosAngeles.Soyoucanimaginewhataseamlesstransitionthatwas.Actually,welivedinaplacecalledSnitterfield,justoutsideStratford,whichiswhereShakespeare’sfatherwasborn.Areyoustruckbyanewthought?

Iwas.Youdon’tthinkofShakespearehavingafather,doyou?

Doyou?

Becauseyoudon’tthinkofShakespearebeingachild,doyou?

Shakespearebeingseven?

Ineverthoughtofit.Imean,hewassevenatsomepoint.Hewasinsomebody’sEnglishclass,wasn’the?

Howannoyingwouldthatbe?

“Musttryharder.”Beingsenttobedbyhisdad,youknow,toShakespeare,“Gotobed,now,now,”toWilliamShakespeare,“andputthepencildown.Andstopspeakinglikethat.It’sconfusingeverybody.”

Anyway,wemovedfromStratfordtoLosAngeles,andIjustwanttosayawordaboutthetransition,actually.Mysondidn’twanttocome.I’vegottwokids.He’s21now;mydaughter’s16.Hedidn’twanttocometoLosAngeles.Helovedit,buthehadagirlfriendinEngland.Thiswastheloveofhislife,Sarah.He’dknownherforamonth.Mindyou,they’dhadtheirfourthanniversary,becauseit’salongtimewhenyou’re16.Anyway,hewasreallyupsetontheplane,andhesaid,“I’llneverfindanothergirllikeSarah.”Andwewereratherpleasedaboutthat,frankly,becauseshewasthemainreasonwewereleavingthecountry.

ButsomethingstrikesyouwhenyoumovetoAmericaandwhenyoutravelaroundtheworld:

Everyeducationsystemonearthhasthesamehierarchyofsubjects.Everyone.Doesn’tmatterwhereyougo.You’dthinkitwouldbeotherwise,butitisn’t.Atthetoparemathematicsandlanguages,thenthehumanities,andthebottomarethearts.EverywhereonEarth.Andinprettymucheverysystemtoo,there’sahierarchywithinthearts.Artandmusicarenormallygivenahigherstatusinschoolsthandramaanddance.Thereisn’taneducationsystemontheplanetthatteachesdanceeverydaytomathisveryimportant,butsoisdance.Childrendanceallthetimeifthey’reallowedto,wealldo.Weallhavebodies,don’twe?

DidImissameeting?

Truthfully,whathappensis,aschildrengrowup,westarttoeducatethemprogressivelyfromthewaistup,westarttoeducatethemprogressivelyfromthewaistup.Andthenwefocusontheirheads.Andslightlytooneside.

Ifyouweretovisiteducation,asanalien,andsay“What’sitfor,publiceducation?

”Ithinkyou’dhavetoconclude--ifyoulookattheoutput,whoreallysucceedsbythis,whodoeseverythingthattheyshould,whogetsallthebrowniepoints,whoarethewinners--Ithinkyou’dhavetoconcludethewholepurposeofpubliceducationthroughouttheworldistoproduceuniversityprofessors.Isn’tit?

They’redisembodied,youknow,inakindofliteralwayofgettingtheirheadtomeetings,Ifyouwantrealevidenceofout-of-bodyexperience,bytheway,getyourselfalongtoaresidentialconferenceofsenioracademics,andpopintthediscothequeonthefinalnight.Andthereyouwillseeit--grownmenandwomenwrithinguncontrollably,offthebeat,waitinguntilitendsotheycangohomeandwriteapaperaboutit.

Nowoureducationsystemispredicatedontheideaofacademicability.Andthere’sareason,Thewholesystemwasinvented--aroundtheworld,therewerenopublicsystemsofeducation,really,beforethe19thcentury.Theyallcameintbeingtomeettheneedsofindustralism.Sothehierarchyisrootedontwoideas.Numberone,thatthemostusefulsubjectsforworkareatthetop.Soyouwereprobablysteeredbenignlyawayfromthingsatschoolwhenyouwerekid,thingsyouliked,onthegroundsthatyouwouldnevergetajobdoingthat.Isthatright?

Don’tdomusic,you’renotgoingtobeamusician;don’tdoart,youwon’tbeanartist.Benignadvice--now,profoundlymistaken.Thewholeworldisengulfedinarevolution.Andthesecondisacademicability,whichhasreallycometodominateourviewofintelligence,becausetheuniversitiesdesignedthesystemistheirimage.Ifyouthinkofit,thewholesystemofpubliceducationaroundtheworldisaprotractedprocessofuniversityentrance.Andtheconsequenceisthatmanyhighlytalented,brilliant,creativepeoplethinkthey’renot,becausethethingtheyweregoodatatschoolwasn’tvalued,orwasactuallystigmatized.AndIthinkwecan’taffordtogoonthatway.

Inthenext30years,accordingtoUNESCO,morepeopleworldwidewillbegraduatingthrougheducationthansincethebeginn