阅读新托福阅读艺术类文章大汇总.pdf

阅读新托福阅读艺术类文章大汇总.pdf

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142986115推荐主题推荐主题【托福听力技巧】学会听结构和找题点【托福口语】教你如何三天搞定托福口语【托福复议】详解托福复议怎么能提分【托福阅读高分】学会不求甚解【托福综合写作】一周内如何练就速记【ACT宠妃】逗号的逆袭（转）【阅读】新托福阅读艺术类文章大汇总ARTSTheHouseofNativeAmericanTribeTheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitsTheMusicofFilmsBarbaraKastenTheWorksofJoyceCarolOatesThePrintedWordTheArtNouveauStyleArtsandCraftsMovementTheHouseofNativeAmericanTribeKeywords:

UnitedStates,pueblos,buildings,chambers,nichesAnotherearlyNativeAmericantribeinwhatisnowthesouthwesternpartoftheUnitedStateswastheAnasazi.ByA.D.800theAnasaziIndianswereconstructingmultistorypueblos-massive,stoneapartmentcompounds.Eachonewasvirtuallyastonetown,whichiswhytheSpanishwouldlatercallthempueblos,theSpanishwordfortowns.ThesepueblosrepresentoneoftheAnasazissupremeachievements.AtleastadozenlargestonehousestookshapebelowthebluffsofChiacoCanyoninnorthwestNewMexico.Theywerebuiltwithmasonrywallsmorethanameterthickandadjoiningapartmentstoaccommodatedozens,evenhundreds,offamilies.Thelargest,laternamedPuebloBonito（PrettyTown）bytheSpanish,roseinfiveterracedstories,containedmorethan800rooms,andcouldhavehousedapopulationof1,000ormore.Besideslivingquarters,eachpuebloincludedoneormorekivas-circularundergroundchambersfacedwithstone.Theyfunctionedassanctuarieswheretheeldersmettoplanfestivals,performritualdances,settlepuebloaffairs,andimparttriballoretotheyoungergeneration.Somekivaswereenormous.Ofthe30orsoatPuebloBonito,twomeasured20metersacross.Theycontainednichesforceremonialobjects,acentralfirepit,andholesinthefloorforcommunicatingwiththespiritsoftribalancestors.Eachpueblorepresentedanastonishingamountofwell-organizedlabor.Usingonlystoneandwoodtools,andwithoutbenefitofwheelsordraftanimals,thebuildersquarriedtonupontonofsandstonefromthecanyonwalls,cutitintosmallblocks,hauledtheblockstotheconstructionsite,andfittedthemtogetherwithmudmortar.Roofbeamsofpineorfirhadtobecarriedfromloggingareasinthemountainforestsmanykilometersaway.Then,toconnectthepueblosandtogiveaccesstothesurroundingtableland,thearchitectslaidoutasystemofpublicroadswithstonestaircasesforascendingclifffaces.Intime,theroadsreachedouttomorethan80satellitevillageswithina60-kilometerradius.1.Theparagraphprecedingthepassagemostprobablydiscussed（A）howpuebloswerebuilt（B）anotherNativeAmericantribe（C）Anasazicraftsandweapons（D）pueblovillagesinNewMexico2.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?

（A）TheAnasazipueblos（B）AnasazifestivalsofNewMexico（C）TheorganizationoftheAnasazitribe（D）TheuseofAnasazisanctuaries3.Thewordsupremeinline5isclosestinmeaningto（A）mostcommon（B）mostoutstanding（C）mostexpensive（D）mostconvenient4.ThewordTheyinline7refersto（A）houses（B）bluffs（C）walls（D）families5.TheauthormentionsthatPueblobonitohadmorethan800roomsasanexampleofwhichofthefollowing?

（A）Howovercrowdedthepuebloscouldbe（B）Howmanyceremonialareasitcontained（C）Hoemuchsandstonewasneededtobuildit（D）Howbigapueblocouldbe6.Thewordsettleinline14isclosestinmeaningto（A）sink（B）decide（C）clarify（D）locate7.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbuildingapuebloprobably（A）requiredmanyworkers（B）costalotofmoney（C）involvedtheuseoffarmanimals（D）reliedonsophisticatedtechnology8.Thewordascendinginline26isclosestinmeaningto（A）arrivingat（B）carving（C）connecting（D）climbing9.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatinadditiontopueblostheAnasaziswereskilledatbuildingwhichofthefollowing?

（A）Roads（B）Barns（C）Monuments（D）Watersystems10.ThepueblosareconsideredoneoftheAnasazissupremeachievementsforallofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthattheywere（A）verylarge（B）locatedinforests（C）builtwithsimpletools（D）connectedinasystematicwayTheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitsKeywords:

portraits,portraiture,artists,crafttradition,anoriginalportraitWhatwetodaycallAmericafolkartwas,indeed,artof,by,andforordinary,everydayfolkswho,withincreasingprosperityandleisure,createdamarketforartofallkinds,andespeciallyforportraits.Citizensofprosperous,essentiallymiddle-classrepublicswhetherancientRomans,seventeenth-centuryDutchburghers,ornineteenth-centuryAmericans-havealwaysshownamarkedtasteforportraiture.Startinginthelateeighteenthcentury,theUnitedStatescontainedincreasingnumbersofsuchpeople,andoftheartistswhocouldmeettheirdemands.TheearliestAmericanfolkartportraitscome,notsurprisingly,fromNewEnglandespeciallyConnecticutandMassachusetts-forthiswasawealthyandpopulousregionandthecenterofastrongcrafttradition.Withinafewdecade