Unit4CareerPlanning新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译.docx

Unit4CareerPlanning新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译.docx

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Unit4CareerPlanning新编大学英语第二版第三册课文翻译

Unit4CareerPlanning

CareerPlanning

Careerplanningdoesnotnecessarilyfollowroutineorlogicalsteps.Eachofusplacesweightondifferentfactorsandmayconsidercertainphasesofcareerplanningatdifferenttimes.Careerplanningincludesgatheringinformationaboutourselvesandaboutoccupations,estimatingtheprobableoutcomesofvariouscoursesofaction,andfinally,choosingalternativesthatwefindattractiveandfeasible.

Manyobservershavepointedoutthatstudentsarenotveryefficientcareerplanners.Theyciteevidencethat

（1）moststudentschoosefromamongaverynarrowgroupofoccupations;

（2）asmanyas40to60percentchooseprofessionaloccupations,wheninrealityonly15to18percentoftheworkforceisengagedinprofessionalwork;（3）youngmenshowastrikinglackofinterestinclerical,sales,andserviceoccupations,althoughthesefieldsoffermanyjobopportunities;and（4）asmanyasathirdofthestudentsareunabletoexpressanychoiceofoccupation.

IntheirbookDecisionMaking,IrvingJanisandLeonMannidentifyseriousflawsinthewaysmanypeoplemakedecisions.Theseflawsseemtobeassociatedwiththepatternspeopleusetocopewithproblems.Thefirstflawiscomplacency.Peoplewhoignorechallenginginformationaboutthechoicestheymakedemonstratecomplacency.Peoplewhotaketheattitudethat"Itwon'taffectme"or"Itwillneverhappen"usecomplacencyasadominantpatternofbehaving.Ofcourse,complacencyisappropriateforanydecisioninwhichnothingmuchisatstake,butthatdoesnotdescribecareerdecisions.

Asecondflawinthewaypeoplecopewithdecisionsisdefensiveavoidance.Whenconfrontedwithadecisionandunabletobelievetheycanfindanacceptablesolution,somepeopleremaincalmbyresortingtowishfulthinkingordaydreaming.Studentswhofailtothinkabouttheimplicationsoftheircareerchoicesoftenengageinrationalization（deceivingoneselfwithself-satisfyingbutincorrectexplanationsforone'sbehavior）orprocrastination（puttingoffordelaying）.Facingthesituationmayproduceanxiety,butexaminingalternativescouldalsobringrelief.

Athirdflawishypervigilance.Thisoccursincareerdecisionmakingwhenpeoplebelievethereisnotenoughtimetofindasolutionandtheypanic.Theysearchfranticallyforcareerpossibilitiesandseizeonhastilyinventedsolutions,overlookingtheconsequencesoftheirchoiceaswellasotheralternatives.Peoplewhoareinapanicsometimesdonotthinkclearlyorlogically.

Thebestcopingbehaviorisvigilance.Vigilantdecisionmakingoccurswhenpeoplebelievethat

（1）achoiceshouldbemade,

（2）theycanfindasolution,and（3）thereisenoughtime.Undertheseconditions,studentscanconductaneffectivesearchforalternativecareers,carefullyevaluateeachalternative,andworkoutcontingencyplansincaseoneoranotherriskappears.

Followingarethekeystocareerplanning.

1）Studyyourself.Thisisthekeytocareerplanning.Understandingwhatyouarelike,whatyouvalue,andwhatyouwanttobecomeisthefoundationforallcareerplanning.Instudyingyourself,youexamineyourstrengthsandweaknesses,yourgoals,andthetrendsinyourpersonaldevelopment.Theself-understandingthatyougainenablesyoutoimaginehowcertainoccupationsmaybestfityourpersonality,interests,abilities,andgoals.Allcareerdecisionsrequireustolearnbothaboutourselvesandaboutwork,andtointegratethesetwokindsofknowledge.

2）Writeyourcareergoalsdown.Atechniqueusefulfororganizingideasaboutyourcareerdevelopmentisactuallytowritethemdownbytimeblocksinyourlife.Writingsomethingdownforcesyoutocrystallizeyourthinkingandtorecognizeunclearandhalf-formedideas.Itmayleadtonewinsightsintoyourpossibilitiesandmayhelpyoutoseenewrelationships,patterns,andtrends,ortoidentifygapsinyourthinkingaboutyourcareerdevelopment.

3）Reviewyourplansandprogressperiodicallywithanotherperson.Everysooften,takestockofyoursituationandconsiderwhatstepshavetobetakennext.Takinginventoryofprogressandplanningfurtherstepscanhelpyoucopewiththechangesthatyouundergoandthechangesthattakeplaceinthelabormarket.Talkingoveryourplanswithacollegecounselor,yourparents,andyourfriendshelpsyoudefineyourgoalsandimproveyourcareerplansormakethemwork.

4）Ifyouchooseacareerthatdoesnotfityou,youcanstartover.Today,growingnumbersofmenandwomenarechangingcareersorgettingsecondstartsincareersthathavegreaterappealtothem.Manyofthosewhofindthattheirlineofworkisunsatisfactoryretrainthemselvesforadifferentoccupation.Oftentheirnewoccupationisonethattheyoverlookedwhentheywereyoungorthattheydidnothaveanopportunity