民航货运英语.docx

民航货运英语.docx

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民航货运英语

LESSONONEThedevelopmentofaircargo航空货运的发展

Smallpackageservice:

Aspecializedserviceguaranteeingthedeliveryofsmallparcelswithinspecifiedexpresstimelimits,e.g.samedayornextday.Thistrafficissubjecttosizeandweightlimitations.Mostpassengeraircarriersalsoprovidethisserviceatairportticketcounterswithdeliveryatdestinationbaggageclaimarea.It’softenreferredtoascountertocounter.

Tonmile:

Thecommonmeasurementoftransportationproductivity.Onetonmilemeansonetonofcargoflownonemile.

All-cargoaircraft:

Aircraftforthecarriageofcargoonly,ratherthanthecombinationofpassengersandcargo.Cargoaircraftcarrypalletizedorcontainerizedtrafficonthemaindeckandeitherunitizedorbulkcargoonthelowerdeck.Cargoaircraftarenormallyequippedwithspecialcargoloadingsystemsonthemaindeck.Alsoreferredtoasfreighters.

TEXT

Thetermaircargoisgenerallyusedinthebroadsense,toincludeairfreight,mail,andtheseveraltypesofexpeditedsmallpackageservices.Inshort,almosteverythingthatgoesinthecargocompartmentonapassengerflightisconsideredaircargo,exceptpassengerbaggage,whichistreatedaspartofthepassenger.

Theairlinegottheirstartcarryingmail,thenprogressedintothepassengerbusinessandmovedtosubstantialparticipationinthefreightbusiness.Yetalthoughitwasthelatecomer,airfreightwasoncethefastest-growingsegmentoftheairlineindustry.From1961through1971,theton-milesoffreightcarriedbyUSscheduledairlineshadnearlyafivefoldincrease,whilepassenger-milesincreasedalittleoverthreefold.The1970sshowedslowerbutsteadygrowth,abouta67percentincreaseoverthedecadeforton-milesofairfreight.

Inthe1980ssmall-packageexpressservicesgrewrapidlyanddataforthatdecadereflectfreightandexpresscombined.Theyshowan85percentincreaseinton-milesinthetenyears.Mostrecentfiguresshowanincreaseof11.5percentfrom1990-1993.

Butitwouldbeamistaketodowngradetheimportanceofaircargoonlybecauseitisasmallbusinesscomparedwiththepassengerbusiness.Becauseofitsspeed,andbecauseofthemanysavingsderivingfromspeed,aircargoservicehasbecomevaluabletomanufactures,toretailers,andtoconsumers.Amanufacturerofappliancesmayrelyontheairlinesfordeliveryofcomponents,whileretailersmayuseairformovingmuchoftheirmerchandisetotheirscatteredoutlets.Theconsumermaybenefitinmanyways,suchasquickreceiptofurgentlyneededgoods.Theconsumeralsobenefitsindirectlytotheextentthatuseofairmayinvolveandoverallcostsavinginthemanufactureanddistributionofgoods.

Manyairlinesspecializeincarryingcargo.Butmuchcargoiscarriedbyregularpassengerairlines,whichmeansmostcargotodaytravelsinthecargoholdsonpassengerflights,ratherthanall-cargoaircraft.

In1949theCivilAeronauticsBoard（CAB）establishedaclassofairlinecalledcertificatedcargocarriers.Theonememberofthatsurvivedintothe1980swastheflyingtigerline,whichdevelopedalargeworldwidenetworkand,foratime,wastheworld’slargestcarrierofairfreight.In1989itwasacquiredbythesmall-packagecarrierfederalexpress.

The1970sand1980ssawaremarkablegrowthinsmall-packagetraffic.The1990s,however,haveseensmall-packagecarriersexpandintotheairfreightbusiness,themergerofFederalExpresswithFlyingTigerbeingconsistentwiththistrend.Thetermintegratedcarrierwasinitiallyusedforsmall-packagecarriersusingtheirowntrucksforpickupanddelivery—“integrated”inthesenseofone-com-anyservicefromdoortodoor.Notonlyhavethesecarriersbeenexpandingintoairfreight,manyairfreightforwardsnowoperatetheirownaircraftandprovideone-company“integrated”service.Thetermisnowcomingtobeusedtodistinguishtheairlinethatcarriesonlycargofromthecombinationcarrierthatisprimarilyinthepassengerbusinessandtakescargoasasideline.

LESSONTWOAirFreight航空运费

Airwaybill:

Thedocumentmadebyoronbehalfoftheshipperwhichisadocumentaryevidenceofcarrier’sandshipper’ssignaturetothecontractofcarriage.

Shipment:

Alsoknownasconsignment.Oneormorepiecesoffreightbeingtransportedunderthecontractedauthorityofoneairwaybill

CustomsBroker:

anagentspecializedininboundcustomsclearance

Container:

Aunitloaddevice（ULD）inwhichaconsignmentcanbetransported.

TEXT

Themovementoffreightbyairismorecomplicatedthanthemovementofpassengersbyair.Everypieceoffreighthastobecarefullylabeledandtransportedfromplacetoplace.Inaddition,therearemorecomplicatedgovernmentregulationsforinternationalshipmentoffreightthanforpassengers.

Becauseofthesecomplications,mostairfreightshipmentsarehandledb