农产品物流外文翻译.docx
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农产品物流外文翻译
毕业论文外文翻译
(一)
论文题目:
国外发展农产品物流的成功经验及其对浙江的启示
外文题目:
Logistics&theNationalEconomy
出处:
InternationalJournalofPhysicalDistribution&LogisticsManagement
作者:
MCBUPLtd
原文:
Logistics&theNationalEconomy
Introduce
Logisticshasalwaysbeenacentralandessentialfeatureofalleconomicactivityandyetparadoxicallyitisonlyinrecentyearsthatithascometoreceiveseriousattentionfromeitherthebusinessoracademicworld.Oneveryobviousreasonforthisneglectisthat,whilstthefunctionsthatcomprisethelogisticstaskareindividuallyrecognised,theconceptoflogisticsasanintegrativeactivityinbusinesshasonlyreallydevelopedwithinthelast20years.
Whatislogistics?
Itcanbevariouslydefined,butexpressedatitssimplestitis:
Theprocessofstrategicallymanagingthemovementandstorageofmaterials,parts,andfinishedinventoryfromsuppliers,throughthefirmontocustomers.
Logisticsisthusconcernedwiththemanagementofthephysicalflowwhichbeginswithsourcesofsupplyandendsatthepointofconsumption.Itisthereforeclearlymuchwiderinitsreachthansimplyaconcernwiththemovementoffinishedgoods—acommonlyheldviewofphysicaldistribution.Inthelogisticsschemeofthingswearejustasmuchconcernedwithplantanddepotlocation,inventorylevels,materialsmanagementandinformationsystemsaswearewithtransport.
Oneofthefeaturesofthelogisticsconceptwhichisitsgreatestattractionwhilstsimultaneouslybeingthegreatestdrawbacktoitswidespreadadoptioninindustrysofaristhatitplacestheemphasisonintegratingactivitiesthattraditionallyhavebeenlocatedindifferentfunctionsofthebusiness.Thusinmanycompaniesresponsibilityfor,say,inventoryontheonehandandtransportontheothermaybevestedintheproductionfunctionandthedistributionfunctionrespectively,anddecisionsononewilloftenbemadewithoutregardfortheother.Thelogisticsviewpointhoweverforcesthedecision-takertorecognisetheconnectionsbetweenthecomponentelementsofthematerialsflowsystem—indeeditencouragescomprehensivesystemsthinkingratherthanfunctionaltunnelvision.
Itisinterestingtotracetheevolutionofthoughtinthelogisticsactivityandthentoassessitsimportanceforbusinesstoday.
Asearlyas1915,writingfromthatotherplace—HarvardBusinessSchool—ArchShawtookaviewofthelogisticsactivitywhichwasradicallyfar-sighted.Hesaid:
Therelationsbetweentheactivitiesofdemandcreationandphysicalsupply...illustratetheexistenceofthetwoprinciplesofinterdependenceandbalance.
Failuretoco-ordinateanyoneoftheseactivitieswithitsgroup-fellowsandalsowiththoseintheothergroup,orundueemphasisoroutlayputuponanyoneoftheseactivities,iscertaintoupsettheequilibriumofforceswhichmeansefficientdistribution.
...Thephysicaldistributionofthegoodsisaproblemdistinctfromthecreationofdemand...Notafewworthyfailuresindistributioncampaignshavebeenduetosuchalackofco-ordinationbetweendemandcreationandphysicalsupply...
Insteadofbeingasubsequentproblem,thisquestionofsupplymustbemetandansweredbeforetheworkofdistributionbegins.
Thisviewoflogisticsasabridgebetweendemandcreationandphysicalsupplyisstillasvalidtodayasitwaswhenfirstexpressed65yearsago.Howevernomatterhowbasicandfundamentalthisideawas,verylittleattentionseemstohavebeenpaidtoitandindeedin1962oneofthegurusofManagement,PeterDrucker,writinginFortunemagazinesaid:
Physicaldistributionistoday'sfrontierinbusiness.Itistheoneareawheremanagerialresultsofgreatmagnitudecanbeachieved.Anditisstilllargelyunexploredterritory.
Therearesignshoweverthatmanagementconsciousnessoftheimportanceoflogisticsisgrowing.ThelasttenyearshaveseenamajorupsurgeininterestinthisareaintheUKandtherestofWesternEurope.WearestillsomewaybehindtheUnitedStatesinouracceptanceofthelogisticsconcept,asituationthatisreflectedperhapsinthefactthatthereisonlyoneChairinMarketingLogisticsinWesternEuropeandthatishereatCranfield,comparedwithmorethan50intheUnitedStates.
Anumberoffactorshavecontributedtothegrowthofinterestinlogisticsinmanagement.Oneoftheseisthatinevitablyascompaniesseekoutareasforproductivityimprovementtheyareforcedtoconfrontthemajorsourceofcorporatecostsrepresentedbydistribution.Productionandmarketinghavebothbeensubjectedtoscrutinybyacademiccommentatorsandthemoreefficiency-consciouscompanies.Nowitistheturnofthematerialsflowsystemthatbindsproductionandmarketingtoreceivesimilarexamination.
Givingincreasedurgencytothisexaminationisthegrowthofcost