考研英语阅读理解原文及参考答案doc.docx

考研英语阅读理解原文及参考答案doc.docx

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考研英语阅读理解原文及参考答案doc

XX年考研英语阅读理解原文及参考答案

　　Everybodylovesafatpayrise.Yetpleasureatyourowncanvanishifyoulearnthatacolleaguehasbeengivenabiggerone.Indeed,ifhehasareputationforslacking,youmightevenbeoutraged.Suchbehaviourisregardedas“alltoohuman,”withtheunderlyingassumptionthatotheranimalswouldnotbecapableofthisfinelydevelopedsenseofgrievance.ButastudybySarahBrosnanandFransdeWaalofEmoryUniversityinAtlanta,Georgia,whichhasjustbeenpublishedinNature,suggeststhatitisalltoomonkey,aswell.

　　Theresearchersstudiedthebehaviouroffemalebrowncapuchinmonkeys.Theylookcute.Theyaregood-natured,co-operativecreatures,andtheysharetheirfoodreadily.Aboveall,liketheirfemalehumancounterparts,theytendtopaymuchcloserattentiontothevalueof“goodsandservices”thanmales.

　　SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan’sandDr.deWaal’sstudy.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.

　　Intheworldofcapuchins,grapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）.Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedtoaeptthesliceofcucumber.Indeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoinduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

　　Theresearcherssuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions.Inthewild,theyareaco-operative,group-livingspecies.Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone.Refusingalesserrewardpletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsfromthemonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

　　21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby.

　　[A]posingacontrast

　　[B]justifyinganassumption

　　[C]makingaparison

　　[D]explainingaphenomenon

　　22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”（Lastline,Paragraphl）impliesthat.

　　[A]monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals

　　[B]resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys’nature

　　[C]monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother

　　[D]noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions

　　23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare.

　　[A]moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget

　　[B]attentivetoresearchers’instructions

　　[C]niceinbothappearanceandtemperament

　　[D]moregenerousthantheirmalepanions

　　24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys.

　　[A]prefergrapestocucumbers

　　[B]canbetaughttoexchangethings

　　[C]willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated

　　[D]areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers

　　25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

　　[A]Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

　　[B]Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

　　[C]Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

　　[D]Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

　　Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn’tknowforsure?

Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?

Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?

LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves.

　　Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth’satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel’sreport:

“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalt