水利水电外文翻译.docx
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水利水电外文翻译
HydromechanicalanalysisofPlacingandprotectingfill
flowbehaviorindam
Abstract:
Primarysurfaceaccordingtothedesignrequirementsofexcavationandstoneprocessing,toensurethatthedense,withcertainstrengthandstabilitymeettherequirements.Quarrymining,transportintherepairoftheroadatthesametime,excavator,bulldozer,withclearreclaimerfieldcoveringlayer,toensurethatnoweedrootsandsoiltillage.Abandonthematerialpilingupintheyardrightasobstinatecultivatedmaterial,alsoprepareslopetopreventsoilerosiondamfillingshouldbedone:
regardlessofwhichpartofthefillandthefinalfoundationsurfaceexposuretimedoesnotexceed72hours.Fillmethodshouldalsopreventtheseparationofthefillingmaterial.Ifthecontractrequirementsindifferentlotsofdifferentfillingpackingandcontractingbusinessinconstructionshouldpreventofconfusionbetweenthedifferenttypesoffillers.
Keywords:
Hydromechanicalfillpermeability
Anyundesirablematerialaccumulatedonthefillsurfaceshallberemovedbeforeplaceingthenextlayeroffillmaterialshallbeplacedonapreviouslayerofthathasdriedout,becomesaturatedorinanywaydeterioratedbyexposureorbyspillingofothermaterialordisterbancebymechanicaltransportorbydepositionofwindblownparticlesorbyanyothermeans.Beforefreshfillmaterialisplacedaoosuchdeterioratedfillorforeignmaterialshallberemovedtoadepthatwhichmaterialofanacceptablestandardisexposed.ThesurfaceofeachlayeristobeapprovedbytheEngineerbeforethenextlayerisplaced.
Anyfillshallbeplacedinuniformlayersnotgreaterthantheapprovedthicknessasspecifiedhereafterandinanorderlysequenceapproximatelyhorizontalalongthecentrelineofthewherespecifiedofdirectedotherwise,noportionofanyembankmentshallbesteppedmorethan3feethigherthananyimmediatelyadjacentportionexceptwherepermittedbytheEngineerandtheslopeformedbysuchstepsshallnotexceed1V:
3Handnotlessthan1V:
4HfromoneleveltoasshownontheDrawingsorasotherwisedirected,allfillplacementsurfacesshallbeslopedatrightanglestothecenterlineoftheembankmentinboththeupstreamanddownstreamdirectionfromthedownstreamedgeofthecoresoastoallowrun-offandpreventtheaccumulationofwater.Thedrainageslopeonthetemporarysurfaceofannyzoneshallnotexceed1on30andthehighestpointshallbededownstreamedgeofthecore.
Where,duetothespecifiedgeometryoftheexcavationintothetopoftheexistingembankments,thesurfaceslopeistowardsthedownstreamedgeofthecore,theContractorshalltakesuchmeasuresannecessarytopreventerosionoffinematerialbeingwashedintothefilterzonesdownstreamofthecore.Anysurfacelayeroffiltermaterialcontaminatedbysuchdrainageorothercauseshallberemovedandreplacedwithfreshfiltermaterialbeforeplacingthenextlayerabove.
Constructionofanyoneembankmentshallbecarriedoutoverthemaximumpossiblelength,molessthan1500feet,ofthatembankmentinsuchamannerthatmotemporaryconstructionslopecrossestheaxisoftheembankmentexceptasapprovedbytheEngineer.WhereatemporaryconstrctionslopecrossingtheaxisoftheembankmentispermittedbytheEngineeritshallbeformedatagradientof1V:
5H.Whensubsequentlyplaceingmaterialagainstthisslopeitshallbecutbackinstepsequaltothelayerthicknesstoavoidfeatheredges.TheContractorshallcompleteeachlayeroffillfullyuptotheabutmentcontactsandstructuresandagainstslopingfoundationsandensurethatthefilliscompactedanspecifiedthroughout.TheContractorshallnotallowthefillinthoseareastolagbehindortogetaheadofthenormalfillplacingoperationsandformfeatheredges,exceptwherefillhasbeenplacedinadvancetocovergroutedsurface.
Shouldnotcontainhumussoilwasusedtofillthesoil,roots,orotherharmfulsubstances,tofilljobsshouldspreadinlayersshop,motorgraderleveling,eachlayerofloosepavingthicknessshouldbenotmorethan30cm.Eachfillerlayerthicknessisnotlessthan50cm,topearthworkembankmenttothepavementsurfacelayerattheendofthecompactionthicknessshouldnotlessthan10cm.
WheretheContractorisallowedtouseeithergrvelfilland/orsandstonenointermixingofthetwomaterialsinalayershallbeallowed.TheConstractormayplaceeitherofthematerialsinadjacentlayersorsectionsoftheembankment.
TheConstractorshallberesponsibleforprotectingtemporaryfillsurfacesagainstdamageoferosion.Attheendofeachworkingday,orifitstarttorain,thesurfaceofthefillshallbemadesmoothandcompactedwithasmoothdrumrollerwithadrainageslopetoinducerunofffromthefilledareasandleavenoareasthatcanretainwater.Wherenecessary,