微生物英文题库.docx

微生物英文题库.docx

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微生物英文题库

Test1:

DevelopmentofMicrobiology

■MultipleChoice（chooseoneanswer）

1.Thefundamentalunit（基本单位）ofalllivingorganismsisthe:

C

■.membrane

■.cell

■.nucleus

■.cellwall

2.Organismsthatdonotcontainatruenucleusarereferredtoas:

C

■.fungi真菌

■.eukaryotic真核生物

■.prokaryotic原核生物

■.nankaryotic

3.Thethreekingdomclassificationsystem（三界分类系统）oforganismswasproposedby:

D

■.Pasteur

■.Bacon

■.Winogradsky

■.Woese

4.Fungidifferfrombacteriainanumberofcharacteristics.Thecellwallsinfungiarecomposedof,whilethecellwallsofbacteriaarecomposedofpeptidoglycan.A

■.chitin壳多糖

■.phospholipid磷脂

■.protein蛋白质

■.glucosamine葡糖胺

5.Thefirstmicroscopesweredevelopedby:

C

■.Ehrlich

■.Metchnikoff

■.Leewenhoek

■.Lister

6.Controlofmicrobialinfectionscanbeaccomplishedbychemicalorimmunemechanisms.Thefirstreportontheproductionofanantibiotic（抗生素）iscreditedto:

C

■.Lister

■.Fleming

■.Ehrlich

■.Koch

7.Theterm"antibiotic"means:

C

■.asubstanceproducedbythelaboratorythatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms

■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitsmolds（霉菌）

■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismthatkillsorinhibitsothermicroorganisms

■.asubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatkillsorinhibitscancercells

8.Thefirstdocumenteduseofavaccine（疫苗）forsmallpox天花wasreportedbytheEnglishphysician:

D

■.Lister

■.Florey

■.Fleming

■.Jenner

9.Activeimmunity（主动免疫）canbedistinguishedfrompassiveimmunityinthattheformerrequires:

B

■.developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies

■.developmentofantibodiesinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantigens（抗原）

■.Flemingdevelopmentofantibodiesinaforeignhostandtransfertoone'sownbody

■.developmentofantigensinone'sownbodybystimulationwithexternalantibodies

10.Theprocessofnitrification（硝化作用）bybacteriadescribedbyWinogradskyconverts:

A

■.ammoniatonitrateions将氨转化成硝酸盐

■.nitrateionstoammonia将硝酸盐转化成氨

■.N2toammonia将氮气转化成氨

■.ammoniatourea将氨转化成尿素

11.ThetransferofDNAfromoneorganismtoanotherthroughtheuseofaviralvector（病毒载体）isreferredtoas:

B

■.electroporation电穿孔

■.conjugation接合生殖

■.transformation转化

■.transduction转导

12.Thegeneticmaterialofabacteriaislocatedinthemolecule:

B

■.RNA

■.DNA

■.protein

■.lipid

■FillintheBlank

1.Organismsthatcontainatruenucleusarecalled__eukaryotic_____

2.Bacteriadonothaveatruenucleusandareconsidered_____prokaryotic__

3.Bacteriacanbedividedintotwogroups,the___archeabacteria____andthe____eubacteria（真细菌）___.

4.___anaerobes（厌氧菌）___areorganismsthatcangrowwithoutusingmolecularoxygen.

5.MicroorganismsthatcansynthesizecomplexorganiccompoundsfromCO2:

arecalled___autotrophs_（自养菌）__.

6._photoautotrophs（光能自养生物）_____aremicroorganismsthatobtaintheirenergytosynthesizeorganiccompoundsfromlight.

7._heterotroph_（异养菌）___requireorganiccompoundsforgrowth.

8.Organismsthatsurviveonlyatveryhightemperaturesarereferredtoas__thermophile_（适温性）___.

9._methanogen_（产甲烷菌）____areorganismsthatproducemethane（甲烷）fromCO2.

10.___halophile_（好盐的）__organismsgrowunderconditionsofhighsalinity.

11.Eubacteriacanexhibitanumberofmorphologicalshapes.Identifyfour:

a._sphericalorcocci_____b._cylindricalorrod_____c.__spirals____d.___irregular__

12.Fungi,algaeandprotozoacanbedifferentiatedfrombacteriabythefollowingcharacteristic:

___eukaryotic____.

13.Fungihavecellwallconsistingof__chitin（壳多糖）_____.

14.Virusesconsistof_nucleicacid_____surroundedbyaproteincoat.

15.Thescientificmethodutilizesdeductivereasoning（演绎推理）andobservationsorexperimentstoproveordisprovea_hypothesis_（假说）___.

16.Thetheory_spontaneousgeneration______ofheldthatlivingorganismscouldarisefromnonlivingmatter.（非生命物质）

17.Theprocessusedtoreducethenumberofviableorganisms（活菌）bymoderateheatingiscalled:

_pasteurization__（巴士消毒法）___.

18.Theprocessoftyndallization（间歇灭菌法）usesrepeatedheatingtoeliminateor___sterilize（杀菌）____microorganismsfromsolutions.

19.An_antibiotic（抗生素）______isasubstanceproducedbymicroorganismsthatinhibitsorkillsothermicroorganisms.

20.Theprocessofstimulatingtheimmunedefensesofthebodyisreferredtoas__immunization_____.

21.Whitebloodcellsthatengulf（吞食）foreignparticles（异物颗粒）arereferredtoas_phagocytes___（吞噬细胞）__.

22.Asubstanceinserum（免疫血清）thatcanneutralize（中和）foreignmaterialisreferredtoas__antitoxin_（抗毒素）___or__antibody__（抗体）__.

23.Cellsinfectedwithavirusproduceasubstancecalled__interfewn____thatinhibitsviralreplication.

24.Avery,ColinandMacLeodfirstdemonstratedth